Unit3 Listening and Speaking - Reading and Thinking 词汇精讲课堂VIP

版本：新人教单元：必修三

Unit3

(ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinking)词汇课堂本单元词汇梳理1.diverse近义词various派生词：diversity2.fortune词源：fortune源自幸运女神的名字Fortuna词块：makea/onefortune,goodfortune,fortunecookie词族：fortune,fortunate,fortunately,unfortunate,unfortunately,misfortune3.chip隐喻：基本义“碎片”

→比喻义(衍生义)“薯片”“芯片”4.cheese音译词“芝士”熟词生义“茄子”(拍照时让人微笑说的话)5.spicyspice(n

香料)+-y(充满……的)6.admitad-(to)+mit(letgo,send)→送入→容许进入（正式用语）一词多义：基本义“容许……进入”派生词：admission7.definitelydefinite(肯定的)+-ly；近义词certainly；句子副词8.occur意为“发生”时是正式用语(对应happen)词块：itoccurstosbthat9.downtown合成词down+town词源：在19世纪30年代，纽约城区集中在曼哈顿岛南端，成为了市中心，后来经济向北扩展。up和down对应于地图上北和南。(downtown市中心,

uptown居住区)10.mission词源：16世纪时，随着美洲新大陆的发现和殖民活动，欧洲基督教会大规模派遣传教士到世界各地传播福音、建立基督教会和学校。这种派遣活动以及派出去的团队被称为mission。因为这种派遣活动的目的是完成传播福音的使命，所以mission衍生出“使命”的含义。mission除了表示传教团队外，还可以表示其他各种去远处执行使命的团队，如外交团队、参加比赛或会议的代表团等。11.districtdis-(apart分开)+strict(todrawtight拉紧)→分开被拉紧的物体→被分成几部分的地区→区；地区12.afterwards美式英语afterwardafter+ward(toward向)+-s13.historicalhistory+-al；词块：placesofhistoricalinterest词族：history,historic,historical,historian14.seek基本义：“寻找”正式用语：对应①lookfor②askfor③trytoget词块：seekajob,seek(sb’s)help/advice,seektodosth,seekone’sfortune派生词：seeker(jobseekers)15.earn词块：earna/one’sliving,earnmoney16.select精准的汉语释义：精选(tochoosecarefully)同义词choose(select更为正式)词块：selectsb/sthforsth,selectsb/sthassth,selectsb/sthtodosth17.china小写c，瓷器，是不可数名词18.jazz音译词“爵士乐”19.bar词源：用来栓门的铁条→将服务员与顾客隔开的“铁条”→柜台→酒吧词块：abarofchocolate/soap,acoffee/snack/winebar20.diagramdia-(across,through穿过)+gram(write,mark,draw写、图、画)→图表21.journal词块：keepajournal(=keepadiary)；派生词：journalist22.series单复数同形，词块：aseriesof,TVseries23.minorityminor—minority；反义词：majority词块：ethnicminority24.escape一词多义：基本义“从……逃走”词块：escapefrom,narrowlyescape重难点词精讲admit一词多义英语释义一词多义occur辨析义fortuneseek一词多义英语释义select英语释义辨析义escape一词多义搭配义claim英语释义earn一词多义中国传统文化中的“福”怎么表达？fortune“福”所对应的英文是goodfortune，直译过来就是“好运气”。神秘的“算命人”古今中外均不乏“算命的人”，在英语中这样的人被称为fortuneteller。Fortune

500“世界500强”是中国人对美国《财富》(Fortune)杂志每年评选的“全球最大五百家公司”排行榜的一种约定俗成的叫法。公司盈利多是跻身世界500强的先决条件，而fortune有“（大量）财产；大笔钱”的含义，这也是用Fortune

500来表达世界500强的原因。世界500强词源故事福尔图娜（Fortuna）是罗马神话中的命运女神。她主管人和国家的命运。她的形象一般为一手执羊角，象征丰饶和财富，一手执车轮，象征命运的变迁兴衰。英语单词fortune就源自幸运女神的名字Fortuna。习语wheeloffortune字面意思是“幸运女神的车轮”，比喻命运或人生的变迁。fortunen

[U]机遇；运气

chanceorluck,especiallyinthewayitaffectspeople’slives：fortunecookiesInChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.2012安徽

[C]&[U]时运；命运：tellsb’sfortuneWhatwillbeourfortune?

[C]（大量）财产；大笔的钱

alargeamountofmoney：makea/one’sfortuneasmallfortune(=aquitelargefortune)Hereceivedalargefortunewhenhisuncledied.成功与否的“命运”人生的“命运”金钱的“命运”—财运时运；命运机遇；运气命运fortune（基本义）人生的“命运”成功与否的“命运”（大量）财产；大笔的钱金钱的“命运”—财运fortune语义网络图fortunefortunatefortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelymisfortunefortune的同族词如果有勇气承认错误，那么所犯的错误也是可以被原谅的。

——李小龙李小龙（1940-1973），师承叶问，出生于美国，祖籍中国广东佛山。功夫片的开创者和截拳道创始人、华人武打电影演员，中国功夫首位全球推广者、好莱坞首位华人主角。admit

vt[正式用语]容许……进入toallowsb/sthtoenteraplace：

Onlyticket-holderswillbeadmittedto/intothestadium.

vt

[正式用语]接纳；招收toallowsbtobecomeamemberofaclub,aschool,etc.：

Ishallbeverylikelytobeadmittedtomydreamuniversity.2014四川Thetable-tennisteamofourschoolisadmittingnewplayers.2017全国书面表达admit

v

注：在日常生活中，人们通常说letsbin而不是admitsbadmit的词源义是“允许进入（letin）”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。

vt&vi承认

toagree,oftenunwillingly,thatsthistrue：Weshouldhavethecouragetoadmit(to)ourmistakes.Ihadtoadmit(to)beingnervousaboutthetest.

vt&vi供认

tosaythatyouhavedonesthwrongorillegal：Herefusedtoadmit(to)theothercharges.Sheadmitted(to)havingstolen/stealingthecar.

[U]&[C]接纳；进入权；准许入会/学：

Admissionbyticket.Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.theuniversityadmissionspolicy/office

[C][常作单数]承认；供认：anadmissionofamistake/failureadmissionn

[U]入场费：admissioncharges/pricesadmittedlyadv

[句子副词]诚然；不可否认地：Thetechniqueispainful,admittedly,butitbenefitsthepatientgreatly.词汇拓展admit语义网络图供认admit容许……进入（基本义）承认“容许”事情“进入”内心“容许”人“进入”组织或机构“容许”物体“进入”某地接纳；招收容许……进入“容许”自己做错了的事“进入”公众视野承认；供认接纳；准许入会/学；入场费进入权admissionMajorearthquakeslikethisoften_______________（发生）.happen

正式用语根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。occur/occuroccurvi

[正式用语]发生tohappen:

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.

2017江苏

出现；存在toexistorbefoundsomewhere：

Sugaroccursnaturallyinfruit.Culturaldifferencesoccurwhereveryougo.2014重庆occurtosb浮现于脑中；被想起：①itoccurstosbtodosth:Itoccurredtohertophonethepolice.②itoccurstosb+that从句:NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.

2013湖南词汇拓展

[C]发生的事情:everydayoccurrences

[U]发生；出现►occurrencen辨析occur,happen,takeplace相同点：①三者都可指“发生”。

②

三者都是不及物动词，都无被动。不同点：occur指“发生”时可与happen换用，但occur较为正式。Ifanyofthesesymptomsoccurwhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.happen主要用于偶然或突发性事件，多指意外事故、不幸的事。Maybesomethingunexpectedhappened.takeplace主要指按计划进行或发生，可指发生好事或不好的事。Theconferencewilltakeplacenextmonth.魁地奇比赛中的找球手seeker在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受欢迎的运动莫过于魁地奇比赛（Quidditch）。找球手seeker在比赛中起着极为重要的作用，他们负责抓取金色飞贼（thegoldensnitch），往往能使自己的球队反败为胜。seekseek

(sought,sought)

v

[正式用语或书面用语]

vt&vi寻找

tolookfor

sb/sth：Theysoughtforaplacetoshelterfromtherain,butinvain.seekjobs/work/employment根据seek的基本义tolookfor，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。1.Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.2014天津2.Theyhadsoughtmyadvice,andIhadrecommendedthismachine.3.Scientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryofthe“sixthsense”ofdirection.寻求

口语trytofind/get征求

口语askfor试图/企图口语

trytodo【词汇拓展】seekout找出；找到

：Wemustseekoutasolutiontotheproblem.playhide-and-seek玩捉迷藏seeker

n[C]

寻找者；追求者：ajob/an

attentionseeker重要词块earnearnpocketmoney赚零花钱topearners最赚钱的人earn

v

vt&vi赚得；挣得：earnascholarship

earnmoney/anincome/afortuneMygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.2018全国

vt

博得；赢得：Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.earna/one’sliving谋生：Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011辽宁►earningsn[C]［复数］薪水；工资►earnern[C]赚钱者基本义挣得美好事物select玩游戏的时候，你曾为“挑选”角色苦恼过吗？“挑选”又如何表达呢？IwanttoreadanEnglishbook,butIcan’tchoosetherightone.Thecoachhasnotchosenmetoplayinthefootballteam.SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.2018全国

Selectsomethingaroundyouthatyousharewiththeotherperson.

2015安徽读下面的句子，体会choose和select的区别：IneverydayEnglish,peopleusuallysaychooseratherthanselect.

select

vt（经过认真思考而）挑选；精选

tochoosesb/sth,usuallycarefully,fromanumberofsimilarthings：Heselectedamobilephoneforpersonaluse.①selectsb/sthforsth:Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalteam.②selectsb/sthassth:In2019,TuYouyouwasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresofscienceinthe20thcentury.③selectsb/sthtodosth:He’stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.

2014

湖北辨

select,choose,pick三者都有“选择”之意。select

指“精选”，是基于要求从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的。select比choose更正式。choose

指挑选自己喜欢的人或物；决定或更喜欢做某事。choose泛指选择，可不带宾语。Youchoose—Ican’tdecide.pick指从一群人或一组事物中选出一个或一些，可泛指选择，口语用词。choosetodocan’tchoosebutdosthchoosefrompickoutpickone’swords

selectiveadj慎重选择的；精挑细选的

selectionn[U]&[C]可选之人或物；选集：makeaselectionSelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯选集》词汇拓展新闻里经常报道某个国家的某个城市发生了炸弹袭击，而某个人或某个组织“声称”对该起恐袭事件负责，其中的“声称；宣称”就用claim表示。claim

新闻中还常有天灾人祸的报道，往往会提及“……夺去了多少人的生命”，这时往往用“灾难或冲突等+claim+life/lives”表达。当认为自己有合法权利提出某项要求时可以用claim。比如，当网购的物品有损坏而要求退款（claimthemoneybackfordamages）；汽车因刮蹭向投保的保险公司索赔（claimontheinsurance）；认领丢失的财物（claimlostproperty）等等。claimv

vi声称；宣称

tosaythatsthistrue,withouthavinganyproof:

Scientistsareclaimingamajorbreakthroughinthefightingagainstcancer.①claimtobe/dosth:Don’tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon’tknow.②claim+(that)从句：SomepeopleclaimthatsurfingtheInternetisawasteoftime.

vt&vi（根据权利）要求；索要；认领toaskforsthbecauseyouthinkit’syourlegalrighttohaveit：Heshouldbeableto

claimbackthepriceoftheticket.Youcanclaimontheinsuranceifyouhaveanaccidentwhileonholiday.

vt

[尤用于新闻报道]夺去（生命）tocausesb’sdeath：Over3,000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquake.

人教新必修③–3

n

[C]

声称；断言：Theymadeclaimstheycouldn’tliveupto.

（对事物的）权利；所有权：Thereisalargenumberofpatentexaminers,whoseonlyjobistoexaminewhetheryourclaimisvalidornot.

要求；索赔：Youcanmakeaclaimoninsurancepolicy.escape你玩过密室脱逃（RoomEscape）吗？试想一下自己被困在一间门被锁上的房间里，在规定的时间内，必须依靠各种细节进行推理，再加上各种道具的配合才能把里面的每一扇门都打开，最终实现“逃”出去。是不是很有意思？这个游戏也恰恰说明了“escape”这个词最核心的意义：（从……）逃走。escape词源escape的基本义:（从……）逃走escape（逃脱）：脱掉身上的斗篷得以逃脱。在古代欧洲的战场上，被击败的战士为了保命，往往会使出“金蝉脱壳”的招数，在被敌人抓住斗篷时脱掉斗篷而摆脱敌人，或在被敌人追赶时主动脱掉斗篷，趁敌人去捡斗篷时赶紧逃掉。因为在古代，一件斗篷算是不菲的财产，有钱人才穿得起。英语单词escape（逃脱）就跟古人脱掉斗篷保命的做法有关。它由ex（outof）+cappa（cape，斗篷）构成，字面意思就是“脱掉斗篷”。因此，英语单词

escape可以按以下方式记忆其拼写：escape=es（=ex，outof，脱掉）+cape（斗篷）。escapev

vi逃走；逃跑：Thehuntertriedtoescapefromtheforest,buthelosthisway.

vt&vi逃避；摆脱：escapesb’sattention/noticeHenarrowlyescapeddeathinanearthquake.ThesouthernpartofYunnanisthebestdistrictofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.人教新必修③–3escapedoingsth:Youareluckytoescapebeingpunished.

vi&vt[不用于被动语态]被忘掉：Shelooksfamiliar,buthernameescapesme(=Ican’trememberhername).

vi（气体、液体等）泄漏：Asmallholeallowedsmoketoescapefromthetop.2010福建

escapen

[C]&[U]逃跑；逃脱；逃避：makeone’sescapeHehadanarrowescape.Forher,travelwasanescapefromtheboredomofhereverydaylife.

[C]

泄漏；出口:Canyousmellanescapeofgas?afireescape（气体、液体等）泄漏escape

语义网络图气体/液体从容器中“逃走”从抽象的困境中“逃走”从被围困的地方“逃走”逃避；摆脱逃走；逃跑从记忆中“逃走”被忘掉逃跑；逃脱泄漏；出口vn从……逃走基本义逃避小贴士电脑键盘上的“Esc键”你经常用吗？其实，Esc键就是英语escape的缩写，这个按键也叫做escapekey，起到退出或取消的功能。想一想Esc键和“逃走”有什么联系？本单元词汇拓展：seek1.Ishallbeverylikelytobeadmittedtomydreamuniversity.2014四川2.Weshouldhavethecouragetoadmit(to)ourmistakes.3.Wemustseekoutasolutiontotheproblem.4.Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011辽宁5.Don’tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon’tknow.6.Henarrowlyescapeddeathinanearthquake.7.Hehadanarrowescape.金句汇总随堂检测写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。Ihavehadthegoodfortunetoworkwithsomebrilliantdirectors.（2012安徽）

_____________2.Shemadeafortuneandworediamondsanddesignerclothes.（2011江西）

_____________3.AnypaintingbyVanGoghisworthafortune._____________4.Imetafortunetellerintheshoppingmall._____________fortune有幸/有好运气发财一大笔钱算命人一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。Sheadmittedhavingdriventhecarwithoutinsurance._____________2.Youwillnotbeadmittedtothetheatreaftertheperformancehasstarted._____________3.Hewasstudyinginthehopeofbeingadmittedtoanengineeringcollege._____________4.Anumberofpeoplehaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren’thappy.（2015浙江改）

_____________admit承认被允许进入被录取承认二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Youshouldhavethecourageto______________________（承认错误）.2.Didhe___________________________（承认打破了窗户）?3.Thisticket________________________（可让两人进场）.4.Theirpoetryclubhasrecently__________________________（吸收了几名新社员）.

5.Gatesopenat10:30a.m.and__________________（免费入场）.6.________________________（这家公园最晚的入园时间）areat6:00p.m.admityourmistakesadmitstwopersons

admittedafewnewmembersadmitbreakingthewindowLastadmissionstothepark

admissionisfree一、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1._________________________（我没有想到）thathemighthavehadproblems.2.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideas_______________________（他想到的）.3.Isuppose______________________________（她根本没想到要请求帮助）.4._________________________（他突然想到）thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.Itdidn’toccurtomethat/whichoccurredtohimitdidn’toccurtohertoaskforhelpItsuddenlyoccurredtohimoccur二、选出适当的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空。1.TheOlympics___________everyfouryears.2.Nooneknowsexactlywhat__________________butseveralpeoplehavebeenhurt.3.Ifheadaches_________whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

occur,happen,takeplacetakeplacehappened/occurredoccur一、选出下列句子中画线部分的英语释义。1.HowcanyouseekhelpfromtheWritingCentre?（2014天津）_______2.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredeclining（减少）mayseekopportunitiesabroad.（2014山东）_______3.WesoughtoutKarenandtoldherofhersuccess. _______4.Localschoolsareseekingtoreducethedropoutrate._______

a.lookfor b.tryc.askfor d.findoutcseekadb二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.OnahotsummerdayinlastAugust,I________(seek)shadeandacooldrinkatawaterfrontcafé.2.Somebusinessesonlyseek________(earn)enoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.（2013全国）3.Unluckily,theysoughtinvain________somewheretoshelter.4.Ajob________(seek)isanunemployedpersonwhoistryingtogetajob.soughttoearnforseeker根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Ithastakenyearsto___________________（赢得他们的信任）.2.Asateacher,shehad_____________________________（赢得了她学生的尊敬）.3.Iwishwecouldhelphimto___________________（挣钱）.Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.（2020山东改）4.Althoughthesebookswillnothelpyouto___________________（谋生）,theywillhelpyoutolivemorefully.earntheirtrustearnedtherespectofherstudentsearnmoneyearnearnyour/aliving选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.He

______________

apairofsockstomatchhissuit.2.Mywifeisgoingwithmetohelpme________

outanewsuit.

3.Icannot____________

butwait.4.Shetookalongtime____________

anewsweater.

selectedpicktochoosechoose

choose,select,pickselectclaim写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Noonehadcalledtoclaimthedog,soAnndecidedtokeepit.（2014山东）_____________2.Hetriedtoclaimthathehadactedinself-defence._____________3.Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct“makesyouthinwithoutdieting”._____________4.Heartdiseaseisthebiggestkiller,claiming180,000livesayear._____________认领这只狗宣称声称夺去18万人的生命5.Thegroupclaimedresponsibilityforaseriesofaccidents.