Unit2 Reading and Thinking-Reading for Writing 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新人教单元：必修二Unit2(ReadingandThinking—ReadingforWriting)词汇课堂本单元词汇梳理1.reserve：

re-

(back回)+

-servare

(protect保护)

同根词：preserve,observe,conserve词块：reservetherighttodosth,reservearoom,oilreserves,awildlifereserve

派生词：reservation词块：makeareservation2.plain：词块：inplainEnglish,plainblack3.observe：ob-(infrontof,before向前)+-servare(protect保护)

一词多义：词源义是“保持”，也是基本义。

同根词：preserve,reserve,conserveobserve是正式用语，对应watch,see,notice

派生词：observation4.beauty：beau-(fine美丽的)+-ty

词族：beauty,beautiful,beautify

抽象名词具体化5.remind：re-(again再)+mind(v注意)→再次注意→提醒

提醒：词块

remindsbof/aboutsth,remindsbtodosth

使想起：词块

remindsbofsb/sth

派生词：reminder6.shoot：一词多义：基本义“投射”

词块：shootup7.profit：pro-(forward向前)+-fit(make,do做)

→做事的收益

→利润、报酬

词块：makeaprofit,profitby/from

派生词：profitable8.attack：at-(朝，向)+-tack-(nail钉子)→钉向→攻击

词块：anairattack,underattack,aheartattack

派生词：attacker9.effective：effect(n

效果)+-ive词块：beeffectiveat；派生词：effectively10.recover：re-(back/away回、离开)+cover-(cup-抓住、得到)→找回→重新获得

派生词：recovery

词块：recoverfrom=makearecoveryfrom11.remove：

re-(back/away回、离开)+move(移动)

一词多义：基本义“移走”；词块：remove…from12.intend：

英语释义plantodosth，intend比plan正式

词块：intendtodo/doingsth

派生词：intended，beintendedfor13.threat&threaten：词族：threat,threaten,threatening词块：athreattosth,threatentodosth14.exist：派生词：existing,existence15.harmony：词源：来自希腊神话中代表和谐和协调的女神哈耳摩尼亚的名字Harmonia

词块：live/existinharmonywith

派生词：harmonious16.creature：create+-ure(名词后缀)→创造物

词块：livingcreatures17.deer：单复数同形，同类词：species,means18.reduce：re-(back向后)+-duc(bring,lead带)→带回

→

减少

词块：reducefrom…to,reduceby19.dueto

=becauseof20.insect：in-(使)+-sect(切、分)

(古代西方看到蚂蚁、甲虫等昆虫大多数都有一个共同特点，身体都是一节一节的，因此以为昆虫都是这样的。)21.net：词块：afishingnet,netprofit/weight,thenet=theInternet22.neighborhood：neighbor(n

邻居)+-hood(名词后缀，表示“集体”)

词块：intheneighborhood23.binoculars：bini-

(twobytwo两)+

ocularis

(oftheeye眼睛)24.emotion：词块：befullofemotion；派生词：emotional25.skin：派生词：skinny(-y充满……的)

隐喻：人的“皮肤”→野兽的“皮肤”(兽皮)→植物、果实等的“皮肤”→皮；壳26.unusual：un-(not)+usual；词块：itis(not)unusual(forsb)todosth

词族：usual,usually,unusual,unusually重难点词精讲harmonyreduce精准的汉语释义熟词生义attack一词多义intenddue英语释义英语释义含有out的短语动词一词多义reserve一词多义observeremindrecoverremove一词多义英语释义搭配义一词多义英语释义shoot一词多义一词多义Ihave________________（订购）anewcomputerontheNet.I’dliketo________________（预订）atableforthreeforeighto’clock.bookorderedreserve

reservereserve词源解读reserve由re-“回（back）”和词根-servare“保护（protect）”构成。词源义和基本义是“保留（tosetaside,withhold）”。reservevt

保留；保存；储备：Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequests.I’llreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.

预订(book)：reservearoom/ticketreserven

[C][常用复数]储备：oil/goldreserves

[C](野生动植物的)保护区：Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.【词汇拓展】

[C]&[U]保留；异议：Iacceptyourstatementwithoutreservation(=completely).

[C](旅馆房间、剧院座位等的)预订：I’llcalltherestauranttomakeareservation.reservationn“保留”事物“保留”位置保留；保存；储备预订reserve语义网络图reserve保留基本义储备(野生动植物的)保护区nvobserve《福尔摩斯探案集》(AdventureofSherlockHolmes)是英国作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔(ArthurConanDoyle)的著名作品。柯南道尔小说的故事结构、推理手法和奇巧的构思都给该类题材的小说树立了范本，他是当之无愧的文学大师，他将侦探小说推向了一个崭新的时代。《福尔摩斯探案全集》可谓是开辟了侦探小说历史“黄金时代”的不朽经典，风靡全世界，是历史上最受读者推崇的侦探小说。《福尔摩斯探案集》中福尔摩斯的名言：Yousee,butyoudonotobserve.你看到，但没有观察。observe词源解读observe由ob-(infrontof,before向前)和词根-servare(protect保护)构成。词源义是“保持（toholdto）”，这也是它的基本义。

vt&vi[正式用语]观察；观测：observethebehaviourofbirdsObservecarefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.

vt[正式用语]察觉到；注意到:Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.

①observe…doing/dosthThepoliceofficerobservedhimdrivingat100milesperhour.②observe+that从句:ItwasobservedthatsuccessfulpeoplespentalotmoretimereadingthantheydidwatchingTV.强调保持看的过程；比watch正式强调保持看的结果；比notice正式感官动词+名词+do/doing

vt

[正式用语]

说；评论：Heobservedthatitwouldprobablyrain.

vt

遵守/

奉行

(法律、习俗等)：observethelaw/thelocalcustoms

vt

[正式用语]

举行(仪式)；庆祝

(节日)：DoyouobserveChristmasinyourcountry?

释义

是低义频释义，但在近年高考阅读和写作中出现过，需注意。

保持observe基本义“保持”看“保持”法律、习俗等“保持”过节、举办仪式等动作结果

观察；观测察觉到；注意到

遵守/奉行(法律、习俗等)

举行(仪式)；庆祝(节日)observe语义网络图得出结论

说；评论词汇拓展observation

n[U]&[C]观察observatoryn[C]天文台；观象台；气象台observer

n[C]观察者；观察员《观察家报》（TheObserver）1791年创刊，是英国报纸，同时也是世界上创刊最早的星期日报纸。remind词源re-：“回、向后；再”

-mind：“注意；留意”remind：“再次注意”提醒1640s,“toremember,”fromre-

“again”+mind

(v.).re-前缀词汇：remove移动 review复习return返回 recycle重新利用remindvt

提醒

tomakesbremembersththattheymustdo:Remindyou,Jane.Takecare.Mywifegotherpursepickedatthestationonce.①

remindsbabout/of:Iforgottoremindhimabout/ofthetimefortheinterview.②

remindsbtodosth:Weputupaboardtoremindpeopletoprotectthetrees.2009北京书面表达③remindsb+(that)/wh-从句：SheremindedmethatIhadn’tcalledMother.2011全国改

使想起tomakesbremembersbthattheyknoworsththathappenedinthepast:remindsbofsb/sth:►remindern[C]令人回忆的事物；提醒者；提醒物：Heplacedthebrochureonhisdeskasareminder.

2011山东Billremindedhimofthedayyearsagowhentheyhadfirstmet.—BradwasJane’sbrother!—NowonderheremindedmesomuchofJane!shoot基本义是“投射”shoot■(shot,shot)v➊

vi&vt开(枪等武器)；射出；射击：Heshotthearrowfromthebow.Hehitthetargetafterheshotatitseveraltimes.

vt

射中；射死：Thepoliceshotonesuspectwhenhepulledagunonthem.

vt&vi拍摄：ThemoviewasshotinNewZealand.shoot

vt&vi射门；投篮：Thebasketballplayershotthelastgoal.

vi&vt(使)快速移动：Thepickpocketshothishandintoherbag.Onemorelookandhenoticedflamesshootingoutfromunderthedisabledvehicle.2016全国n[C]嫩枝；新芽：bambooshoots竹笋Theroseisputtingoutnewshoots.►shootingn[C]射击；枪杀；[U](电影)拍摄shoot的语义网络图投射基本义shoot“投射”弓箭、子弹等“投射”导致受伤或死亡开(枪等武器)；射出；射击射中；射死拍摄(使)快速移动射门；投篮摄影机等“投射”光线而捕捉镜头“投射”篮球、足球等某人、某物从某处快速地“投射”attackattackv

vt&vi攻击；进攻：Travelersshouldnotfeedthewildanimalsinaclose

distancebecausetheymayattackpeople.

2014江西改

vt抨击

tocriticizesb/sthstrongly：Hisremarkswereattackedinthenewspaper.

vt(疾病、虫、化学物等)侵袭；侵蚀：Thesugarinthesoftdrinksformsacidandattacksourteeth.外研新必修②–1改Recently,COVID-19hasattackedmanycountries.词源：at-(朝、向)+-tack-

(nail

钉子)

→

钉向→攻击

[C]&[U]攻击；进攻：anairattack

makefierceattacksagainst/onWhenaplantisunderattack,itsendsoutcertain

chemicals.

[C]&[U]抨击：

apersonalattack

[C](疾病等)侵袭；发作：Hesufferedaheartattack.attackn

“攻击”人或物的身体“攻击”人的作品病、虫、化学物等“攻击”人/物攻击；进攻抨击(疾病等)侵袭；侵蚀attack语义网络图attack

攻击基本义攻击；进攻抨击(疾病等)侵袭；发作vnrecoverv

vt(意识、知觉等)恢复

togetbacktheuseofyoursenses,controlofyouremotion,etc.：Ittookherafewminutestorecoverconsciousness.

vi

(从疾病或病态等中)恢复过来togetwellagainafterbeingill,hurt,etc.;toreturntoanormalstate：Theeconomyisatlastbeginningtorecover.HowcanLindarecoverfromherillnessinthisroomwhenit’ssodirtyanddusty?

vt

重新获得tofindorgetbacksththatwaslostorstolen：Policehaverecoveredthestolencar.Weworkedhardtorecoverthelosttime.recover的词源义是“comeback,return;regainhealth;getagain”，它的基本义——重新获得“getagain(regain)”recover

语义网络图“重新获得”意识/能力等“重新获得”健康/状态“重新获得”物品(意识、知觉等)恢复(从疾病或病态等中)

恢复过来重新获得重新获得re-+cover

词汇拓展►

recovery

n[C]&[U]痊愈；重获；复苏：Hehasmadeafullrecoveryfromhisoperation.2014四川改aneconomicrecoveryremove你知道“卸妆”用英语怎么表达吗？答案就是removemake-up。即把妆容make-up从脸上“移走”。remove词源from

re-“back,away”+

movere“tomove”此处前缀re-是“回/离开(back和away)”，remove的所有释义都与moveaway有关联。因此，remove的基本义是“移走”。

移走；移开；搬走takeaway：Hewastootiredtoremovethestone.Heremovedanoticefromthedoor.

[正式用语]摘掉；脱掉takeoff：Sheremovedthediamondringtocookameal.2017浙江改日常用语中更常用takeoffremovevt

消除；去掉getridof：removesb’sfear/doubtsremovedarkspots

把……免职；撤去dismissfrom：remove

amanfrom

office【拓展】►removal

n[C]&[U]移走；移去；消除remove语义网络图把……免职；撤去移走（基本义）消除；去掉移走不好的东西（抽象）移走首饰衣物等（具体）移走具体的物体

（具体）摘掉；脱掉移走；移开；搬走移走职务岗位等（人）

begoingtodosth

willdosth

beabouttodosth

plantodosth

meantodosth打算做某事intendtodosthintendintendvt打算；想要toplanormeantodosth：Iintendnoharm.①intenddoing/todosth：Heintendsstudying/tostudyabroadnextyear.②intendsb/sthtodosth：Iintendyoutocomewithme.③

intend+that从句：Weintendthat/Itisintendedthatproductionwillstartnextmonth.日常英语中更常用plantodosthintended

adj

(为……)打算的：Thebookisintendedforchildren.Hisvisitisintendedtostrengthentiesbetweenthetwocountries.intentionn[C]&[U]意图；目的：Ihavenointentionofchangingmyplan.Shehadafirmintentionwithinherselftobethebestswimmer.2016天津改Thisprogramwassetupwiththeintentionofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.词汇拓展同义词aim/purposeharmonyR2

n

[U]&[C]和声：singinharmony

[U]和睦；融洽：The“ChineseDream”isadreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingandadreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.

2013福建Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.人教新必修②–2词源：来自希腊神话中代表和谐和协调的女神哈耳摩尼亚的名字Harmonia。声音、音调的和谐人与人/自然的和谐

[C]&[U]和谐；协调：theharmonyofseaandsky

词汇拓展►harmoniousadj协调的；和谐的；和睦的物与物的和谐reducevt&vi缩减；减少(cut)：Thepricehasbeenreducedfrom$10to$8.Eatingjustonecarrotadaycanreducethepossibilityofgettingthisdiseaseby40%.2009陕西reduceto［常用于被动语态］使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落：Shewasreducedtotearsbytheircruelwords.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtoruins,smellyanddirty.【词汇拓展】reductionn[C]&[U]缩减；减少：strategiesfornoisereductionre-(back向后)+-duc(bring,lead带)→带回

→

减少

due被各种due追赶的留学生

欧美国家时间观念比较强，各种事项都有due。初到国外留学时，中国学生会因各种事项的due而焦头烂额。第一次测验的due，第一篇论文的due，熬夜到十二点赶due，实在做不完作业申请延长due。

[不用于名词前]预定的；预期的

arrangedorexpectedtohappenorarriveataparticulartime：Pleasemakesureyoureturnthebookbeforeit’sdue.

2012全国Afteronlysixmonthshewasdueforaraiseifthisassessmentwassatisfactory.duetodosth:Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.2008天津

[不用于名词前](钱)到期的：ThenextincometaxpaymentisdueonJanuary31.dueadjdue词源解读due来自拉丁语

debere(欠款、欠债、应还)，意为“应付的(owing,payable)”，引申为“应……的”。

[不用于名词前]应得的；欠下的

owedtosbeitherasadebtorbecausetheyhavedonesthtodeserveit：Ourthanksaredueto

thewholeteam.Thewagesdue

to

himwillbepaidtomorrow.

[只用于名词前][正式用语]适当的；合适的properorsuitable：Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyandthereforedeservesourduerespect.2013广东书面表达dueto由于；因为：Thewatershortageisseveremainlyduetoglobalwarming,environmentalpollutionandtheever-increasingpopulation.2010福建书面表达改due语义网络图应……的due(基本义)某个日期前应做某事的某个日期前应还钱的某人应得的应当做某事的预定的；预期的(钱)到期的应得的；欠下的适当的；合适的含有out的短语动词cutoutworkoutcheckoutfindoutputoutwatchouttakeoutdieoutmakeoutburnoutout学习短语动词时，可以根据小品词画思维导图来学习。runoutcarryout“无；没有”“动态含义”carryout(执行)，workout(锻炼),watchout

(当心)“可明显看到”cutout(剪下)，checkout(结账离开)，findout(发现),takeout(取出)，makeout(看清)putout(扑灭)，dieout(灭绝)，runout(用完)，burnout(烧尽)学习含有out的短语动词，还可以从out入手，理解了out的各义项，有助于理解和记忆相关的短语动词。out的基本义为“出来”。随堂检测reserve写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.IreservedaroominthenameofJones. ________2.Themanagementreservetherighttorefuseadmission.

________3.Thisareawasonceawildlifereservelastyear. ________4.Westillhavefoodreservesincaseofemergency. ________保护区保留权利预订粮食储备根据所给提示完成句子。______________________(仔细观察)ifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.(2014北京)2.IwonderedifIwouldhavethetimetotellSam_______________________(我所观察到的情况)(2010重庆)3.Itiseverybody’sduty______________________(遵守规则)tokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.(2015江苏)4.Withajoyfulheartwe_________________________(庆祝国庆节)lastmonth.ObservecarefullywhatIhadobservedobservetoobservetherulesobservedourNationalDayremind一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thephotowillremindme________thedayswhenweweretogether.2.Mary,IremindedJohn________hispromisetohelpyou.(2011全国)3.Hestoppedtoremindhismanagers________(talk)withtheirteamsaboutthecompany’svalues.(2012江苏)4.ThecottagestandsproudintheFitzroyGardensasa

________(remind)oflifeintheeighteenthcentury.ofoftotalkreminder二、将下列句子译成英语。1.他在床头贴上姚明的照片，提醒自己牢记梦想。(2011重庆单选)___________________________________________________________2.请明天再提醒我一次开会事宜，免得我忘了。(2008上海)___________________________________________________________3.这幅图画使我想起了那些在逆境中成功的人。(unfavorableconditions)(2009北京书面表达)___________________________________________________________HeputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtoremindhimselfofhisowndreams.PleaseremindmeofthemeetingagaintomorrowincaseIforget.Thepictureremindsmeofthosewhosucceedinunfavorableconditions.写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Abirdflewawaysoquicklythatnoonewasabletoshootit.(2012全国听力)___________2.Thereisspaceforourthreeboystoplayoutside,toshootarrows,collecttreeseeds,buildearthhousesandclimbtrees.(2012四川阅读)___________3.Usuallynewshootscanbepickedfromtheplantsabouteverytenorfifteendays.___________4.Itwasnotuntilattheendof19thcenturythatshooting,originatedasameansofsurvival,earneditsstatusasasport.(2008广东书面表达)___________5.Acatshotoutintotheroadinfrontofhim.___________6.Reporterswereshootingquestionsatthecandidates.___________新芽射箭射中射击shoot猛地窜出来向……发问一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Sosuddenwastheattackthattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.(2009

山东)___________2.Plantsgrowmoreslowlyinacidic(酸性的)

soil,andalsobecomeeasilyattackedbydiseases.(2009江苏) ___________3.Thepolicehavebeenstronglyattackedfornottakingimmediateaction.___________4.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.(2016北京) ___________5.Herheartbegantobeatwildly,asifshewerehavingapanic(恐慌)

attack.___________攻击；袭击侵袭抨击袭击侵袭attack二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thecompanywas________attackforitsdecisiontocutdownitsstaff.2.HetoldmethatI’dprobablyhave_________heartattackunlessIstartedeatingless.3.Thetravelermayfireatawildbeasttoprotecthimselfincasehe_____________(attack).(2014江西)4.Milles’smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattack_______________theAmericansystem.(2011山东)5.Oliverwasunabletogivepoliceadescriptionofhis_____________(attack).underaisattackedon/againstattacker一、写出下列句子中recover的汉语释义。1.Oncethedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.(2015北京) __________2.WhenaSwedishshipthatsank(沉)in1628wasrecoveredfromtheportofStockholm,historiansandscientistswereoverjoyed. __________3.Onceshenearlyslipped(滑到),butsomehowsherecoveredherbalanceandcarriedonrunning. __________恢复常态重新获得恢复recover二、将下列句子译成英语。1.要有充足的睡眠，这会帮助我们的眼睛从疲劳中恢复过来。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.在我的精心照料下，我妈妈迅速恢复了健康。(2013北京书面表达)________________________________________________________________________________________________Withmyspecialcare,mymotherrecoveredquickly/madeaquickrecoery.Haveenoughsleep,whichwillhelpoureyesrecoverfromtiredness.remove一、写出下列句子中remove的汉语释义。1.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnotnotice.(2013广东) __________2.Thismedicinecanreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.(2010上海改) ___________3.Itgotsohotthatheremovedhistieandjacket. ___________4.Thesecoffeestains(污渍)canbedifficulttoremove. ___________拿走消除；去除摘下去除二、根据所给汉语用remove完成句子。1.Realizinghermommustbeverytiredafteraday’swork,thegirlhelpsto_______________________________(把包从她肩膀上摘下).(2013江苏书面表达)2.