Unit1 Reading and thinking - Reading for Writing 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新人教单元：必修一Unit1

(ReadingandThinking—ReadingforWriting)本单元词汇梳理1.challenge基本义：(向……)挑战词块：vchallengesb(tosth),challengeaview

nface/meet/risetothechallenge,takeon/takeupthechallenge,solve/overcomethechallenge派生词：challenging2.title基本义：名称、标题熟词生义：冠军称号名词动词化：加标题于、授予……称号3.topic词块：ahottopic,ontopic4.freshman词源义：新来的人，后指新生拓展：sophomore(高二/大二学生),junior,senior5.confuse词族：confuse,confused(分词形容词),confusing,confusion6.fluent词块：befluentin,speakfluentEnglish派生词：fluently,fluency7.graduate构词：gradu(grade步、级)+-ate(名词后缀)同根词：grade在学业上完成某一步/某一级→毕业词块：graduatefromseniorhighschool/university做事情上完成某一级→逐渐升级为(Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.2020浙江)派生词：graduation8.recommend英语释义：

suggest

advise词块：

highlyrecommend,recommendsb/sthtosb;

recommenddoingsth,recommend(that)sb(should)dosth,recommendsbtodosth；派生词：recommendation9.signup(for)小品词up(向上)，把名字写上去即报名10.advanced分词形容词构词：advance+-ed词块：advancedtechnology,anadvanceddictionary/course11.advance基本义：前进、向前移动词块：inadvance(of)12.literature来自词根liter(letter文字)13.extra-curricular合成词：extra+curricular(课程的)curriculum—curricular14.extraex-(out)向外，联系初中词express,expect,explain15.obviously构词：obvious(明显的)+-ly近义词：clearly；句子副词16.quit过去式、过去分词：quit/quitted,quit/quitted基本义：离开意为“离开”和“停止”时是非正式用语，分别对应leave和stop词块：quitajob,quitschool,quit(doing)sth17.responsible构词：re-(back)+spons(保证、承诺)+-ible(形容词后缀)→对事情给予承诺的→负责的(基本义)词块：beresponsiblefor=takeresponsibilityfor18.responsibility构词：responsible+-ity(名词后缀)词块：it’ssb’sresponsibilitytodosth,shoulder/takeon(a)responsibility19.solution构词：solve—solution用法：asolutiontosth，to是介词，类似结构：wayto,keyto等20.schedule在英式英语中，schedule指工作计划、日程安排，timetable指时间表、时刻表。在美式英语中，工作计划、日程安排、时间表、时刻表都用schedule；词块：aheadof/on/behindschedule;名词动词化：asscheduled,schedulesb/sthtodosth21.editoreditor逆生法派生出edit词族：editor,edit,editorial,edition22.plate词源义：金属薄板；最早的盘子是金属或木制的；汽车上的车牌是一块金属薄板23.adventure抽象名词具体化：指“一次冒险经历”时是可数名词24.youth构词：young—youth词块：theyouth25.survival构词：survive(生存、幸存)+-al(名词后缀)抽象名词具体化：指“幸存物”时是可数名词26.expert构词：ex-(out向外)+per(尝试)+-t→尝试、经历过多次的人→专家同根词：experience,experiment27.behavio(u)r构词：behave(表现)+-io(u)r(名词后缀)英式拼写：behaviour；美式拼写：behavior词块：good/badbehaviour,onone’sbestbehaviour28.generation构词：generate(产生)+-ion(名词后缀)隐喻：人的“代”→产品的“代”；4G,5G词块：theyounger/oldergeneration,theearlier/last/pastgeneration,thecoming/future/later/nextgeneration,fromgenerationtogeneration,generationgap29.attract构词：at-(to)+tract(todraw拉)→拉过来→吸引词块：attract…to/beattractedto派生词：attraction(词块atouristattraction),attractive30.focus词源：来自拉丁语fireplace

(壁炉)。古罗马时代壁炉边即focus被认为是家庭生活的中心，引申为“集中点；中心点”(基本义)。词块：focuson31.addict词族：addict,addicted,addiction,addictive词块：adrug/football/videogameaddict;beaddictedto(doing)sth;drug/Internet/onlineshoppingaddiction32.adult近义词：grown-up派生词：adulthood(adult+-hood)，类似的有childhood一词多义分词形容词advance,advancedrecommendfocus

重难点词精讲英语释义搭配义challenge一词多义搭配义一词多义graduate熟词生义quit一词多义scheduleresponsible&responsibility一词多义搭配义attract搭配义搭配义身边的challenge在美国，如果开车吃到罚单，但是觉得罚单开的不合理，可以向法庭申诉。“YourHonor,Iwanttochallengetheticket.阁下，我对这张罚单有异议。”是法庭上类似案件的常用语。网球比赛中，运动员要求鹰眼回放会说“challenge”，主裁要根据运动员挑战的线做出呼报“Ms.Zhouischallengingthecallontheright/left/BaseLine,theballwascalledIN/OUT”。回放以后，主裁会宣布运动员还有几次挑战机会“Ms.Zhouhastwo

challengesremaining”2014年由美国波士顿学院(BOSTONCOLLEGE)前棒球选手发起的ALS冰桶挑战赛(IceBucketChallenge)风靡全球。各界知名人士纷纷湿身挑战，旨在唤起公众对于“渐冻症”(肌萎缩侧索硬化症，ALS)的关注。其中，“挑战”是challenge的常用义。challenge■

vt

向……挑战；邀请……比赛：challengesb(tosth):Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.

对……质疑toquestionwhethersthisright,legal,etc.：challengeaview

考验……的能力totestsb’sabilityandskills：Thejobdoesn’treallychallengeher.向人“挑战”“挑战”观点等“挑战”能力■n[C]&[U]挑战；具有挑战性的事情

enjoy/welcome

accept/takeon/takeup

mount

throwdownovercome/solve

发起挑战

下战书战胜挑战

面临挑战

迎接挑战facemeet/riseto

喜欢挑战

接受挑战challengechallenging

adj

有挑战性的：Challengingastheactivitywas,everyoneenjoyeditandalltheparticipantsbenefitedalotfromit.2020山东写作方向：Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbedifficult.

challenging的语用输出价值很高词汇拓展(challenging)■

n[C]学位获得者；毕业生：agraduateschool/

student

agraduateinmedicine/amedicinegraduateHe’sagraduateofHarvard.■v

vi

获得学位；毕业：HegraduatedinphysicsfromCambridgeUniversity.

vt

使……毕业；授予……学位：Thecollegegraduated500studentslastyear.构词：gradu

(grade

步、级)+-ate(名词后缀)同根词：grade

graduate在学业上完成某一步/某一级

vi

逐渐升级为：Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.2020浙江graduationn

[U]毕业：agraduationcertificate

Ayearaftergraduation,Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.

2011广东

[U]&[C]毕业典礼：attendthegraduation

词汇拓展

做事情上完成某一级recommendvt初中我们学过表示“建议”“推荐”的词有哪些？advise,suggest,recommend有什么区别？

推荐；介绍tosaythatsb/sthisgoodandthatsbshouldtryoruseit

(suggest)：Idon’tknowwhattoread.Canyourecommendanything?

2010上海Thishotelishighlyrecommended.

①recommendsb/sthtosb:Irecommendthisbooktoanyonewithaninterestinart.

②recommendsb/sthforsth:Shewasrecommendedforthepostbyacolleague.近义词suggest

劝告；建议toadvisesbtodosthorshoulddosth：①recommend(that)...(should)dosth:Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.2010福建②recommendsbtodosth:Thedoctorrecommendedmetotakealongrest.③recommenddoingsth:Irecommendmeetinghimfirst.近义词advise辨析recommend,advise,suggest

suggest指提议，提出供人参考的计划或主意。

Isuggestedgoingtherebytaxi.

recommend多指正面的建议，告知某人可能会得到的益处。We’drecommendyoutobookyourflightearly.

advise语气较强烈，通常指权威人士的忠告，警告某人可能产生的危险。Policeareadvisingfanswithoutticketstostayaway.recommendationn

[U]

推荐；介绍：

aletterofrecommendation

[C]

正式建议；推荐信：

followsb’srecommendations【词汇拓展】Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不进则退。advance

vi

(尤指士兵)前进；向前移动：Thearmyadvancedacrosstheplain.

vt&vi(使)进展；(使)进步：Thisresearchhasdonemuchtoadvanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning.

vt&vi(时间)提前；(价格)上涨；预支(钱)：ThedateofthemeetingwasadvancedfromJuly10toJuly1.Wearewillingtoadvancethemoneytoyou.

■

v

advance基本义：前进、向前移动

vt

促进；推动

(further)：Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareer.

2020山东

vt［正式用语］提出：advanceanidea/atheory/aplanadvance前进基本义位置“前进”科技、知识等“前进”时间“前进”价格“前进”支付“前进”(尤指士兵)前进；向前移动(使)进展；(使)进步(时间)提前(价格)上涨预支(钱)advance语义网络图事业等“前进”理论等“前进”提出促进；推动advance

■

n

[U]前进

[C]进步；进展：makegreatadvancesinsciencetechnological/scientific/medicaladvances

[C][常用单数]预付款：paysba$500advance对应动词释义记忆名词释义inadvance(of)提前(于……)；预先(于……)：Thankyouinadvance.2013全国书面表达Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass,someofthemwerenothappy.2011北京重点词块advanced

adj

先进的；高级的：Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.

2015北京

(课程)高深的；高级的：OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary

晚期的；后期的sb’sadvancedage/ofadvancedyears高龄；年事已高【分词形容词】advance+-ed用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.发达国家a

__________(develop)country2.发展中国家a

__________(develop)country3.落叶__________(fall)leaves4.正在落下的树叶__________(fall)leaves5.先进技术__________(advance)technology6.白开水__________(boil)water7.沸水__________(boil)water8.学识渊博的人a__________(learn)man9.受过教育的孩子an__________(educate)childdevelopedadvancedfallenfallingdevelopingboiledboilinglearned将所填的分词形容词分类：表示动作已完成：表示动作正在进行：developed,fallen,advanced,boiled,learned,educateddeveloping,falling,boilingeducated

(尤指士兵)前进；向前移动

(使)进展；(使)进步

(时间)提前；（价格）上涨；预支(钱)

前进

进步；进展

[C][常用单数]预付款vnadj预先的advancedadj先进的；高级的(课程)高深的；高等的advance晚期的；后期的quitWinnersneverquitandquittersneverwin.成功者永不放弃，放弃者永不胜利。文斯•隆巴迪（VinceLombardi），美国职业橄榄球教练员。他曾带领绿湾包装工队获得了第一届和第二届的“超级碗”冠军，是美国职业橄榄球联赛(NFL)

最成功、最受尊重的教练之一。美国职业橄榄球大联盟，NFL

年度总决赛超级碗比赛的冠军奖杯文斯•隆巴迪杯就是以其名字命名的。

［非正式用语］离开（工作、学校等）：quitajob/quitschool

［非正式用语］停止；戒除tostopdoingsthbadorannoying：Hedidn’t

quit,andhebecameagreatpianist.quitdoingsth:Myfatherhasquitsmokingatlast.➌关闭/退出（计算机程序等）quit(quit/quitted,quit/quitted)vt&vi

离开基本义“离开”工作、学校等“离开”坏事或令人厌烦的事离开（工作、学校等）quit语义网络图“离开”应用程序关闭/退出停止；戒除友谊是一种甜蜜的责任，绝不是一种机会。 ——纪伯伦纪·哈·纪伯伦（KahlilGibran,1883

—1931）黎巴嫩作家、诗人、画家，阿拉伯文学的主要奠基人，20世纪阿拉伯新文学道路的开拓者之一，被称为艺术天才、黎巴嫩文坛骄子。其主要作品有《泪与笑》(ATearandaSmile)，《先知》(TheProphet)，《沙与沫》(SandandFoam)等，纪伯伦、鲁迅和泰戈尔是近代东方文学走向世界的先驱。构词：re-(back)+spons(保证、承诺)+-ible(形容词后缀)→对事情给予承诺的→负责的(基本义)

［不用于名词前］负责的；尽责的havingadutytobeinchargeofortolookaftersborsth：beresponsiblefor:I’llhavetostudyharderasaseniorhighschoolstudentandgetusedtobeingresponsibleforalotmore.人教新必修①–1

（人）有责任心的：It’stimeyoustartedactinglikearesponsibleadult.

［不用于名词前］应承担责任；作为原由的：beresponsiblefor:Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?2008福建responsible

adj

[U]&[C]责任；职责：

shoulder/takeon(a)responsibilityItisourresponsibility/Wehavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.

Jenny,youhaveresponsibilityforclearinguptheroomaftertheclass.

[U]（对不良事件所负的）责任：Takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.

2010天津Nooneiswillingtoacceptresponsibilityfortheaccident.responsibilitynClassScheduleschedule许多与书写有关的词往往可以追溯到用以涂写最早文字符号的树皮和树叶，或凿刻最早文字符号的石头，如paper（纸）原指“纸莎草”。schedule一词的来源可追溯到拉丁词scheda，表示“纸莎草的叶子”。从scheda衍生出指小词sceduala“smallpieceofpaper”（小张纸）。15世纪初scedula通过法语cedule进入英语后，其拼写逐渐演变为schedule，词义也由小纸条引申词义便笺，便条，日程表等。到了19世纪schedule已获得了今天还在使用的一些词义，如“一览表”、“时间表”、“时刻表”、“计划表”等。schedule词源解读■n[C]&[U]日程安排；时刻表aplanofthingsthatwillhappenorofworkthatmustbedone(timetable)：aclass/trainscheduleThemajorityofholidayflightsdepartandarriveonschedule.Thankstoyourhelp,weaccomplishedthetaskaheadofschedule.Thetunnelprojecthasalreadyfallenbehindschedule.schedule注：在英式英语中，schedule指工作计划、日程安排，timetable指时间表、时刻表。在美式英语中，工作计划、日程安排、时间表、时刻表都用schedule。■vt［常用于被动语态］安排；将……列入进度表toplanthatsthwillhappenataparticulartime：Asscheduled,wehaveEnglishTalentShowtoday.2014陕西书面表达①schedulesth(forsth):Thesummersaleisscheduledfortomorrow.②schedulesb/sthtodosth:ThetripisscheduledtostartonDecember21inNewYorkCity.2017全国vt吸引；引起(……的兴趣)：Dickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.2018浙江attract...to/beattractedto:Whatattractedmemosttothejobwasthechancetotravel.Itisnotunusualforteenagerstobeattractedtoonlinegames.人教新必修①–1attract词源：at-

(to)

+tract

(todraw拉)→拉过来→吸引查尔斯·狄更斯

(CharlesDickens，1812年2月7日—1870年6月9日)，英国作家。主要作品有《大卫·科波菲尔》(DavidCopperfield)、《匹克威克外传》(ThePickwickPapers)、《雾都孤儿》(OliverTwist)、《老古玩店》(TheOldCuriosityShop)、《艰难时世》(HardTimes)、《我们共同的朋友》(OurMutualFriend)、《双城记》(ATaleofTwoCities)等。狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇，深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实，为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。他的作品对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。attractionn

[U]吸引；吸引力：WhenwemetattherestaurantIfeltanimmediateattractionforhim.

[C]有吸引力的事物/人；景点：HamptonCourtPalaceisopentothepublicasamajortouristattraction.2015全国改attractiveadj

有吸引力的；有魅力的：ThisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI’vebeento.词汇拓展focus词源来自拉丁语fireplace

(壁炉)。古罗马时代壁炉边即focus被认为是家庭生活的中心，引申为“集中点；中心点”（基本义）。focus■

n[C]&[U](plfocuses/foci)

焦点；焦距：Thefocusonmycameraisn’tworkingproperly.

中心点；关注点：Thefocusofattentionhaschanged.Weshallmaintainourfocusontheneedsofthecustomer.成像的中心点注意力的中心点comeintofocus成为焦点infocus焦点对准的；清晰的outoffocus焦点未对准的；模糊不清的■vt&vi

(使)

调节焦距：Inthisscene,thecamerafocusesontheactor’sface.

(使)

集中(注意力、精力等)：Theotherteamwasbrilliantandwereallyhadtofocus.focus(...)on/upon集中

(……)于；聚焦(……)于：Byfocusingonsavingoil,water,paper,food,andclothing,weareplayingapartincuttingdownonwaste.2014福建同义异构：concentrate本单元金句汇总1.HegraduatedinphysicsfromCambridgeUniversity.2.Thishotelishighlyrecommended.

3.Irecommendthisbooktoanyonewithaninterestinart.4.Thedoctorrecommendedmetotakealongrest.

5.Thankyouinadvance.6.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.7.Hedidn’t

quit,andhebecameagreatpianist.8.Myfatherhasquitsmokingatlast.9.I’llhavetostudyharderasaseniorhighschoolstudentandgetusedtobeingresponsibleforalotmore.10.Itisourresponsibility/Wehavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.

11.Asscheduled,wehaveEnglishTalentShowtoday.

12.Itisnotunusualforteenagerstobeattractedtoonlinegames.13.Byfocusingonsavingoil,water,paper,food,andclothing,weareplayingapartincuttingdownonwaste.随堂检测一、根据句意选出challenge的最佳释义。

对……质疑

向……挑战；邀请……比赛

考验……的能力______1.Thejobistooeasytoreallychallengeher._____2.Suchone-sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.(2011重庆阅读理解)______3.Noonehasseriouslychallengedthechampion.二、用所给词的正确形式填空。Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbe___________(challenge).

(2014江西书面表达)

challengingchallengegraduate在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduated_________medicalschool.(2013全国)2.After_________(graduate),sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.(2020山东)3.Likemanynew_________(graduate),IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.(2014广东)fromgraduationgraduates一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn’tgetaccessto

(进入)

thedatabankyou__________________(recommend).(2016天津)2.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommended____________me.(2014北京)3.Herecommended_______________(read)thebookbeforeseeingthemovie.hadrecommendedtoreadingrecommend

二、完成句子。1.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou_____________________(不要游泳)afteralargemeal.(2009

浙江)2.WereIthreeyearsyoungerthanIamnow,I_______________________________(会力荐)thatIsetmorepracticalandspecificgoals.(2015重庆书面表达)三、单句改错。Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexamisattheageofsixmonthsold.(2013浙江改)_________________shouldn’tswim/notswimwouldstrongly/highlyrecommend

is→be四、翻译句子。1.这是个很棒的酒店，我会把它推荐给我的朋友。(such…that)(2012陕西改)_________________________________________________________2.我建议你去看看医生。_______________________________________________________ItissuchagreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittomyfriends.Irecommendthatyou(should)seea/yourdoctor./Irecommendyoutovisita/yourdoctor.一、翻译下列词块。1.预先订购__________________________________________________________2.取得很大进展__________________________________________________________3.科学进步__________________________________________________________4.提前(于……)；预先(于……)__________________________________________________________advancebooking/bookinadvancemakegreatadvancesscientificadvances/advancesinscienceinadvance(of)advance二、完成句子。1.Weliveinanageof___________________________(技术飞快进步).(n)2.Thearmy___________________________________(正向城市前进).(v)3._________________________(我们取得了很大的进步)inourknowledgeoftheuniverse.(v)三、根据句意写出advanced的最佳释义。1.Thecoursehastwolevels,thebeginnersandtheadvanced.(2015湖南改) ____________________2.Eveninadvancedagricultural(农业的)societies,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.(2013北京) ___________________rapidtechnologicaladvanceis/wasadvancingon/towardsthecityWehaveadvancedgreatly(课程)高深的；高级的先进的；高级的一、写出句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。Itriedtoquitsmoking

severaltimesbeforeIrealisedIwasaddicted.

__________________

二、选出能替换画线部分的单词。LaurenBathquitherjobasachef.(changed/left)__________________三、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。我成功地戒掉了看电视。(quitdoingsth)_____