研究生考试考研英语(二204)试卷与参考答案

研究生考试考研英语(二204)自测试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）SectionI:ClozeTestReadthefollowingpassageandfillineachnumberedblankwiththemostappropriateoptionfromthelistbelow.Choosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkyouranswersonyouranswersheetaccordingly.(1pointforeachcorrectanswer,20pointstotal)OnapleasantmorninginJune,Tim,aBritishtourist,waswalkingalongthefootpathofthehistoriccityofBeijingwhenheaccidentallydroppedhisdigitalcameranearacrowdedshoppingstreet.Withoutrealizing,ayoungChineseman,Liang,quicklypickeditupandstartedtowalkaway.Observingthis,TimshoutedtoLiangButignoredhiscalls.However,Timwasdeterminedtogethiscameraback.EmployinghisfundamentalunderstandingofChineseandpointedlyaskedLiangtoreturnit.Surprisingly,withashowofconfusion,Lianghandedoverthecamera.Whenreturninghome,Timrealizedthathefeltuneasy,decidingtocomplementLiangonhishonesty.Overwhelmedbythemutualacknowledgmentoftheirintegersandculturaldifferences,theydecidedtosharetheirstoriesandbecomelifelongfriends.Askyourselfwhichanswerbestfitseachspace.A.coinsB.cheeksC.pocketsD.notesE.MozartAnswersKey:C.pocketsB.cheeksD.notesA.coinsE.MozartThisselectionispurelyillustrativeanddesignedforteachingpurposes.Inarealtest,theclozepassagewouldinvolveafullparagraphormore,andthevocabularyandcontextwouldbechosencarefullytoassessthetest-taker’sabilitytounderstandthepassageandselectappropriateanswers.Additionally,realansweroptionsforaPostgraduateEntranceExamClozeTestwouldlikelyreflectthevocabularyandtopicscurrentlybeingtested.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）FirstReadingPassageTitle:PolarBearsandClimateChange:WhentheArcticMeltsInthefarreachesoftheArctic,themajesticpolarbearsonceroamedArcticseas,theglacialiceactingasacradlefortheirhabitat.However,thisstunningecosystemhasbeenunderthreatduetotherapidpaceofclimatechange.Polarbears,oftenseenasthe“canaryoftheArctic,”areattheforefrontofthisenvironmentalstruggle.Climatepatternshavebeensteeringglobaltemperaturesupwards,meltingvastamountsofArcticice.Thepolaricecap’sdeclineishappeningatsuchanunprecedentedratethatexpertswarnitcouldleadtotheextinctionofthisiconicspecies.Withlessseaice,fewerseals—theirprimaryfoodsource—remain.Polarbearsarenowbattlingfoodscarcity,forcedintonewterritoriestofindsustenance.Scientistshavelongidentifiedpolarbearsas“vulnerabletoextinction.”Theirplighthasbecomeaglobalexampleofaspeciesatriskfromwarmingconditions.Researchindicatesthatwithoutthepreservationoftheseaice,survivalprospectsforthesemagnificentcreaturesarebleak.Therealityisthatthefutureofpolarbearshingesoncollectiveglobalactionagainstclimatechange.QuestionsWhatisthe“canaryoftheArctic”oftenroastedas?Whywillglobaltemperatureskeepgoingup?Wheredopolarbearsobtaintheirmainfoodsourcefrom?Explaintherelationshipbetweenthepolaricecapandthesurvivalofthepolarbearspecies.Whatdothesurvivalprospectsforpolarbearsdependon?答案ThepolarbearBecauseclimatepatternshavebeenaffectingglobaltemperaturesTheygettheirmainfoodsourcefromsealsWithoutthepreservationoftheseaice,thepolarbearswillstruggletosurviveSurvivalprospectsforpolarbearsrelyoncollectiveglobalactionagainstclimatechange

SecondquestionPassageOne:Manypeopleagreethatthepurposeofeducationistodevelopwell-roundedindividuals,capableofthinkingcritically,creatively,andethically.However,debatesrageonaboutthebestwaytoachievethisgoal.Somearguethatatraditional,lecture-basedapproachisstillthemosteffectivemethod,emphasizingthetransmissionoffactualknowledgeandmasteryofcoresubjects.Othersadvocateformorestudent-centeredlearningapproaches,suchasactivelearning,inquiry-basedlearning,andproject-basedlearning,whichencouragedeeperunderstanding,criticalthinking,andproblem-solvingskills.Proponentsoftraditionaleducationpointtoitsefficiencyandstructure.Lecturesallowteacherstocovervastamountsofinformationinacondensedtimeframe,providingstudentswithafoundationofknowledge.Moreover,theemphasisonmemorizationandrecallcanhelpstudentsdevelopstrongacademicskills.Conversely,advocatesofstudent-centeredlearningarguethatitfostersamoreengagingandmeaningfullearningexperience.Byactivelyparticipatingintheirownlearning,studentsdevelopownershipovertheirknowledgeandarebetterequippedtoapplyittoreal-worldsituations.Ultimately,themosteffectiveapproachtoeducationlikelyliesinacarefullybalancedcombinationofbothtraditionalandstudent-centeredmethods.Traditionallecturescanprovideastrongfoundationofknowledge,whilestudent-centeredlearningactivitiescandeepenunderstanding,encouragecriticalthinking,andpreparestudentsforthechallengesofarapidlychangingworld.Questions:Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?Answer:Differentapproachestoeducation.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheadvantagesofatraditionaleducationapproach?Answer:Efficiency,structure,andtheabilitytocovervastamountsofinformationquickly.Whatkindoflearningexperiencesdoesthepassagesuggestaremoreengagingandmeaningfulforstudents?Answer:Student-centeredlearningapproacheslikeactivelearning,inquiry-basedlearning,andproject-basedlearning.Whatdoestheauthorconcludeabouttheidealapproachtoeducation?Answer:Abalancedcombinationoftraditionalandstudent-centeredmethodsislikelymosteffective.Whatisthemeaningoftheword“unveiling”asusedinthepassage?Answer:Themeaningof“unveiling”inthiscontextis“toreveal”or“tomakeknown”

ThirdItem:TraditionalReadingComprehensionPassageLearninganewlanguagecanimproveyourcareerprospectsandincreaseyourbrainpower,astudyhassuggested.Theresearchexaminedconductsworkingintwolanguagesandconductingbusinessinthreelanguages.Thestudy,publishedbytheBritishCouncilforCanadianComsysLtd,revealedthatsubjectwholearnmorethantwolanguagesearnabout73percentmorethansubjectwholearntwolanguages.Subjectwholearnthreelanguagesactuallyearnabout135percentmorethansubjectwhoexclusivelyspeakonelanguage,butbelowthosewhospeaktwo.Withapopulationof359million,CanadaisthesecondmostpopulouscountryinNorthAmerica,withjusttheU.S.havingmorepeople.Canada’smostpopulouscityisMontreal,whileTorontoandVancouverarethetwoothercitieswiththemostpeople.Chicago,LosAngeles,NewYork,andBostonaresomeofthemostpopulouscitiesoftheUnitedStates.(AdaptedfromaBrightHubarticle)MultipleChoiceQuestionsWhatisdiscussedinthepassagetypically?A.Thebenefitsofspeakingmultiplelanguages.B.ThepopulationstatisticsofCanada’scities.C.AcomparisonstudyofCanadiancitiesandtheirpopulations.D.TheadvantagesofspeakingtwoorthreelanguageswhiledoingbusinessinCanada.Answer:D.Howmuchmoremoneycanapersonearningadegreeearnbylearningtwolanguages?A.Around73percent.B.Around135percent.C.Around65percent.D.Around90percent.Answer:A.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheeconomicbenefitsofspeakingmorethanonelanguage?A.Peoplewhospeakmorethantwolanguagesachievehighersalaries.B.Peoplewhospeakonlyonelanguageearnmorethanthoselearningmorethantwolanguages.C.Theeconomicbenefitsoflearningmultiplelanguagesareinconclusive.D.Itisnotrecommendedlearningadditionallanguagesatallforincomegrowth.Answer:A.Whichcity,accordingtothepassage,isnotoneofthemostpopulouscitiesintheU.S.?A.Chicago.B.Toronto.C.LosAngeles.D.NewYork.Answer:B.Whatdoesthepassagediscussaboutthebenefitsoflearninganewlanguage?A.ItimprovesyourjobprospectsintheUnitedStates.B.Itcouldincreaseyourbrainpower.C.Ithasnobenefitsforanyone.D.Itisbeneficialonlyifspeakinginabusinesssetting.Answer:B.第四题阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。Theartofbeinghappyismosteasilylearnedontheothersideoftheworldwherepeoplearefreefromthepressureofbeingperfect.WhenpeopleintheUnitedStateswereyoung,theywerealwaystold,“Don’tbetoosureofyourself.You’llmakeamistakeifyouthinkyou’resosmart.”Butitisquiteclearthatthisbeliefisnottrue.ManyAmericanpeopleachievegreatsuccesswithoutbeingsuper-smart.Manypeoplebelievethatthesepeopleachievesuccessthroughhardwork.However,itisnotalwaystrue.Manysuccessfulpeoplehavegoodeducations,buttheymaynotbeverysmart.Therearealsomanysuccessfulpeoplewhohaveneverbeentocollege,buttheyhavefoundsuccessthroughtheirownefforts.Onereasonwhysomanypeoplearesuccessfulisthattheyknowhowtogetalongwellwithotherpeople.Thismakesiteasierforthemtomakefriendsandbuildrelationships.Itisalsoimportantforthemtobeabletoexpresstheirideasclearlyandeffectively.Successisnotsomethingthatcomeseasily.Itrequiresalotofeffortandtime.Italsorequiresapositiveattitudeandawillingnesstotakerisks.Butwhenpeoplearesuccessful,theyfeelagreatsenseofsatisfactionandhappiness.Thepassagesuggeststhatbeingsuper-smartisnotnecessaryforachievingsuccess.ManyAmericanpeopleachievesuccessthroughhardwork.Successfulpeoplemaynothavegoodeducations.Itisimportantforsuccessfulpeopletobeabletoexpresstheirideasclearlyandeffectively.Successrequireseffort,time,apositiveattitude,andawillingnesstotakerisks.答案：ABCDABCD三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Title:“TheImpactofTechnologyonDailyLife”Inthe21stcentury,technologyhasbecomeanintegralpartofourdailylives.Fromsmartphonestointernetofthings(IoT),thewayweinteractwiththeworldaroundushasbeentransformedbeyondrecognition.Thispervasiveinfluenceoftechnologyhasprofoundimplicationsforeveryaspectoflife,fromcommunicationandeducationtotransportationandhealthcare.Oneofthemostsignificantchangesbroughtaboutbytechnologyisintherealmofcommunication.Withtheadventofsocialmedia,email,andinstantmessagingapps,connectionsarenolongerlimitedbygeographicalboundaries.Peopleallovertheworldcanstayconnectedwithasingleclick.However,thiseaseofcommunicationhasalsoledtoadecreaseinface-to-faceinteractions,raisingconcernsabouttheimpactonsocialskillsandempathy.Theeducationallandscapehasalsobeenrevolutionized.Onlinelearningplatformsofferpersonalizedlearningexperiences,allowingstudentstostudyattheirownpaceandconvenience.However,thisshiftchallengestraditionalteacher-studentrelationshipsandthestructureofeducationalinstitutions,promptingarethinkingofhoweducationshouldbedeliveredinthedigitalage.Inthefieldoftransportation,technologyhasmadetravelfasterandmoreefficient.TheuseofGPSandsmartnavigationsystemshelpsdriversavoidtrafficjamsandfindthemostconvenientroutes.Forthosewhoprefertofly,technologyensuresaircraftareequippedwithadvancedsensorsandsoftware,enhancingsafetyandreducingtraveltime.Lastly,technologyhastransformedhealthcare.Diagnostictoolsarebecomingincreasinglysophisticated,enablingdoctorstodiagnosediseasesmoreaccuratelyandtimely.Telemedicineallowspatientstoconsultwithdoctorsremotely,makinghealthcaremoreaccessibletopeopleinruralandunderservedareas.Inconclusion,theimpactoftechnologyondailylifeisundeniable.Ithasreshapedthewaywelive,work,andinteractwitheachother.Whileitbringsmanybenefits,italsopresentsnewchallengesthatsocietyneedstoaddress.题目：Directions:Readthepassageandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.(2pointseach)Whataretheimplicationsoftechnologyinthecommunicationfieldmentionedinthepassage?Howhastechnologyrevolutionizedtheeducationallandscape?Describethechangesintransportationduetotechnology.Whatadvancementsinhealthcaretechnologyarehighlightedinthepassage?Whatistheoverallconclusionofthepassageregardingtheimpactoftechnology?答案：Theimplicationsoftechnologyinthecommunicationfieldincludetheeliminationofgeographicalboundariesforconnectionsandthedecreaseinface-to-faceinteractions,whichraisesconcernsaboutsocialskillsandempathy.Technologyhasrevolutionizedtheeducationallandscapebyofferingpersonalizedlearningexperiencesthroughonlineplatforms,challengingtraditionaleducationalrelationshipsandstructures.TechnologyintransportationhasmadetravelfasterandmoreefficientthroughtheuseofGPSandsmartnavigationsystems,aswellasimprovingaircraftsafetyandreducingtraveltime.Technologyinhealthcarehasledtomoreaccurateandtimelydiseasediagnosesthroughsophisticateddiagnostictoolsandtheimplementationoftelemedicine,makinghealthcaremoreaccessible.Theoverallconclusionofthepassageregardingtheimpactoftechnologyisthatithasreshapedvariousaspectsofdailylife(communication,education,transportation,andhealthcare),bringingbothbenefitsandchallengesthatsocietyneedstoaddress.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题3分，共15分）Question1:TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese,eachsentence10points.(10points)OriginalSentence:Whenitcomesourhealth,itisoftenassumedthatitistheresponsibilityofourparentsorpolicymakerstotakethelead.However,thereisagrowingbodyofevidencetosuggestthatindividualbehaviormakesthegreatestcontributiontoourwell-being.参考译文:当谈到我们的健康时，大家通常认为健康行为是父母或政策制定者的责任。然而，越来越多的研究证据表明，个体的行为对健康的影响最大。解析:Thissentenceemphasizesawidespreadyetlargelymisguidedassumptionregardingsourcesofresponsibilityforourhealth.Totranslatethetexteffectively:ContextualUnderstanding:Graspthatthesentenceconnectscommonparentalandgovernmentalresponsibilityforhealthoutcomeswithnewresearchfindings.VocabularyHighlight:Useprecisevocabularyitemssuchas“health”,“assumed”,“responsibility”,“takethelead”whichneedtoconveytheintendedmeaningaccurately.“Parentsorpolicymakers”areresponsibleparties;“individualbehavior”suggestspersonalactionsasafactor.CulturalNuances:Translateidiomaticexpressionslike“takethelead”appropriatelyintoaculturallycognizablephrase.Thenotionofhealthandpublicwelfarebeing‘的责任’,isquitecommoninChinesesociety.StructuralClarity:Ensurethetranslationmaintainsthelogicalflowandsupportsthemainargumentprofferedbythethesisbackedby“evidence”.ProperPhrasing:Donotforgettoincludetheword“well-being”whichdescribeshealthintermsofpersonalsatisfactionandhappiness.Ensurethatthetwosentencesfollowthesamegrammaticalstructureforconsistencyandflow.Bypayingattentiontotheseaspects,thetranslationnotonlypreservestheoriginaltext’smeaningbutalsohonorsitsnuacing,resultinginafaithfulrenditionthatreflectstheauthor’sviewpointandoffersinsightintotheresearchfindingssubtext.第二题翻译下列中文句子至英文：原文：学习语言不仅可以帮助我们更好地了解世界，还能增强我们的沟通能力。英文翻译：Learningalanguagecannotonlyhelpusbetterunderstandtheworldbutalsoenhanceourcommunicationskills.解题解析：该句子的主语是“学习语言”，谓语是“可以帮助我们”，宾语是“更好地了解世界”和“增强我们的沟通能力”。句子中的“不仅…而且…”是一个常用的连词短语，用来连接两个并列的谓语成分，表示递进关系。在翻译时，我们保持了原句的结构，使用了cannotonly…butalso结构表达了类似的含义。ThirdDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.（10points）Thepervasiveinfluenceoftechnologyinmodernlifehasfundamentallytransformedthewaywelive,work,andinteractwiththeworldaroundus.Fromcommunicationtoolstoentertainmentplatforms,technologyhaspermeatedeveryaspectofourexistence.Whiletheseadvancementshaveundoubtedlybroughtnumerousbenefits,theyhavealsoraisedconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeimpactsonhumanrelationships,mentalhealth,andprivacy.Answer:科技在现代生活中无处不在，它彻底改变了我们的生活、工作方式以及与周围世界互动的方式。从通讯工具到娱乐平台，科技渗透了我们生活的方方面面。尽管这些进步无疑带来许多益处，但也引发了人们对科技对人际关系、心理健康和隐私的潜在消极影响的担忧。解析:这篇文章讨论了科技对现代生活的影响。“Pervasiveinfluence”可以翻译成“无处不在的影响”。“Fundamentallytransformed”可以翻译成“彻底改变”。“Penetratedeveryaspectofourexistence”可以翻译成“渗透了我们生活的方方面面”。“Broughtnumerousbenefits”可以翻译成“带来了许多益处”。“Raisedconcerns”可以翻译成“引发了担忧”。TipsforTranslation:Accuracy:PrioritizeconveyingtheoriginalmeaningaccuratelyinChinese.NaturalFlow:AimforatranslationthatreadssmoothlyandnaturallyinChinese.IdiomsandExpressions:PayattentiontoidiomsandexpressionsusedinthepassageandensuretheirequivalentmeaningiscapturedintheChinesetranslation.SentenceStructure:AdjustthesentencestructureasneededtoensuregrammaticalcorrectnessandreadabilityinChinese.第四题Thearticleisextractedfromarecentresearchpaperonurbanmobilityanditemphasizesthetransformativeeffectofpublictransportationonthedailycommutepatternsofcitydwellers.Thereferenceanswertranslation:Thestudyintroducedhighlightstheprofoundimpactofreliablepublictransportationsystemsonthedailytravelhabitsofurbanresidents.Offeringacomprehensiveoverviewofvariouscities,thereportunderscoresthattheenhancedconnectivityprovidedbypublictransitcansignificantlyshifthowpeoplenavigatetheirurbanlandscapes,fosteringamoresustainableurbanlifestyle.

Theauthorsarguethatwell-integratedandfrequenttransitservices,complementedbybicycle-sharingprogramsandpedestrian-friendlyinfrastructure,createanenvironmentwhereindividualsareencouragedtoengageinenvironmentallyconsciouscommutingoptions.Thisincludesagreaterrelianceonpersonalvehicles,therebyreducingtrafficcongestionandoverallcarbonemissionsassociatedwithsolocartravel.解析(Paraphrasing):Thetextdiscusseshowpublictransportationsystemsprofoundlyinfluencepeople’sdailytravel.Itfocusesoncitiesacrosstheglobe,observingthatthosewithwell-maintainedandfrequentlyoperatingtransitservicesencourageanenvironmentallysoundmodeofcommuting.Thestudypointsoutthatalongsidebird-sharingprojectsandpedestrian-orientedlayouts,suchurbanprioritiesextendtocyclingandalteringthegeneralpreferenceforpersonalvehicleuse.Consequently,thissupportslesstrafficyroadsanddiminishingpollutiontiedtoindividualcartravels.Thisisthekindofsophisticatedquestionyoumightfindona“Translation”sectionofa“研究生考试考研英语(二204)”exam.Thequestioncategoryassessesyourabilitytounderstandcomplexacademicmaterialandtranslateitintoclear,comprehensibleEnglish.Theprovidedreferencetranslationensuresthefinalanswerisbothaccurateandcontextuallyaccurate,influencingthescoreofthetext’stranslationfromChineseintoEnglish.第五题

Thefollowingaresomecommonreasonswhypeoplechoosetolearnaninstrument.A.Toimprovememory.B.Toenhancecognitiveabilities.C.Toenjoythesenseofachievement.D.Alloftheabove.解析：本题考察的是对文章细节的理解和概括能力。根据原文第二段，学习演奏乐器可以提高记忆力（memory）、认知能力（cognitiveabilities），以及带来成就感（senseofachievement）。因此，选项A、B、C都是人们选择学习乐器的常见原因，所以正确答案是D，即以上所有。五、作文（应用文写作，10分）Title:TheDebateOverAccessibilityandMeritocracyinHigherEducationInthecontemporarydiscourseonhighereducation,thedebatebetweenaccessibilityandmeritocracycontinuestorage.Ononehand,proponentsofuniversalaccessarguethateducationshouldbearightforall,notaprivilegereservedforthosewhocanaffordit.Theycontendthatfinancialconstraintsshouldnotbarcapableindividualsfrompursuingtheirdreamsofhighereducation.Ontheotherhand,therearethosewhobelievethatpublicfundsshouldbetargetedtowardsthemostacademicallyproficientstudents,onthegroundsthatsuchstudentsdeservetheopportunitytofurthertheireducationbasedontheirachievements.Ipersonallyleantowardstheviewthataccessibilityshouldprevail,asIbelievethateducationisatoolforsocialmobilityandshouldbeavailabletoeveryonewhowishestopursueit.Theargumentformeritocraticfundingstrategiesneglectsthefactthatbrilliancedoesnotequatetosuccess,asmanyfactorsbeyondanindividual’scontrol,suchasfamilybackground,caninfluenceone’sacademicachievements.Moreover,offeringscholarshipsandfinancialaidtothoseinneedcanbeaneffectivewaytoencourageadiversestudentbody,enrichingeducationalexperiencesandfosteringinnovationandcriticalthinking.Inconclusion,whileacademicprowessisundeniablyimportant,itshouldnotoverridetheprincipleofequalaccesstoeducation.Universitiesandcollegesshouldcontinuetofindwaystoopentheirdoorstoallstudents,regardlessoftheirfinancialstatus,andtherebyplayasignificantroleinshapingamoreequitableandintelligentsociety.写作分析：Introduction:Theintroductionprovidesabroadoverviewofthedebate,framingthetopicforthereader.Thewriterarticulatestheopposingviewssuccinctlyandsignalsthewriter’sstanceattheendoftheparagraph,whichiscrucialforcoherence.BodyParagraph1(ArgumentforAccessibility):Thefirstbodyparagraphpresentstheargumentforaccessibilityinhighereducation,supportingthisviewwithaclearreasonthateducationservesasameansofsocialmobility.Theargumentlinksthisissuetotheconceptofsocialmobilityandsuggeststhatfinancialconstraintscanleadtoanunequalplayingfield.BodyParagraph2(CounterargumentforMeritocracy):Thesecondparagraphaddressesthecounterargument,presentingtheperspectivethatpublicfundsshouldbeallocatedtotheacademicallycapable.Thewritercountersthisargumentbydiscussinghowacademicachievementdoesnotequatetosuccess,acknowledgingthatfamilybackgroundandotherfactorscaninfluenceastudent’sacademicrecord.BodyParagraph3(SupportingAccessibilityPerspective):ThefinalbodyparagraphreinforcestheinitialargumentintheIntroductionbydiscussingpotentialsolutionstofinanceeducationforthoseinneed,suchasscholarshipsandfinancialaid.Thisparagrapheffectivelytiesbacktotheintroduction,reaffirmingthecoreargumentpresentedinthebeginning.Conclusion:Theconclusionwrapsuptheessaybysummarizingthewriter’sstancethataccessibilitymustprevailandbyelaboratingonthebenefitsofadiversestudentbody.Theconclusionisclearandtiesneatlyintotheintroductionbyshowcasingtheimportanceofuniversityroleinbalancingeconomicandeducationalequity.LanguageandStructure:Theessayiswell-organizedwithcleartopicsentencesineachparagraph.Thelanguageisformalandusesavarietyofsentencestructurestomaintainreaderinterestandconveyasophisticatedargument.WordCount:Theessayisbetween250-300words,fulfillingthegivenrequirement.六、作文（议论文写作，15分）Topic:Manypeoplebelievethattechnologyadv