备战2025届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题16细节理解题解答技巧含解析

专题16细微环节理解题解答技巧细微环节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一详细事实和细微环节进行理解。它们大都是依据文章中的详细信息如事实、例证、缘由、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中干脆找到答案，有些则须要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非推断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；4.以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细微环节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏确定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培育自己快速获得信息的实力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可实行“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地分辨和记忆事实或细微环节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中找寻与此问题相关的段落、语句．细致品尝，比照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用解除法．将“无此细微环节”和“与此细微环节相反”的选项解除。了解细微环节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般状况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相像，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细微环节理解题只要干脆分辨不要求读者对客观的事实作出说明或推断，只要求从阅读材料中干脆获得信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细微环节，在必要的时候（做推断、推断或结论的时候）能够精确而快速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，干脆得出答案，但要留意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细微环节理解题就须要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获得信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细微环节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的推断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此须要我们在阅读中特殊细致才能捕获到真正有用的信息。1.描写类细微环节题描写类细微环节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事务的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较干脆，一般不太须要考生对它们进行较深化的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较干脆地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。（2024·海南高考真题）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飞机）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.2.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview D.Aresearcharticle.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】这是一篇争论文。主要讲解并描述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《宽恕设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些缘由带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。1.细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥实行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上漫步。组织者预料将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们留意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它起先晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受实力。故选A。2.推理推断题。依据文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建立的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采纳，用好像是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推想出，依据第三段，不是全部的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。3.细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。4.推理推断题。依据文章其次段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《宽恕设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再依据倒数其次段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师驾驭它们的动人探讨。再结合最终一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推想出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。2.信息找寻题、广告阅读题信息找寻题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时辰表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息特别全面，能满意各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾细致阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采纳“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后依据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速找寻有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速找寻信息题。但是广告有着其他快速找寻信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细微环节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必需具备较强的语言运用实力，熟识文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推想等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推想法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采纳“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加精确地理解。如：Driverwanted.依据文义，可将该句补充为：Adriverwillbewanted.(聘请一名司机)。（2）联想推想法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就须要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。（2024·海南高考真题）PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.BroadcastingCampBecomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.SecretAgentCampInthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolestjobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeofrealsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.CulinaryCampIfyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.StreetArtCampThiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorfulideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwithnon-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmuralwhichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.5.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.6.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.7.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.【答案】5.C6.B7.C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的状况。5.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个特别独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。6.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。7.细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可知假如你的孩子喜爱呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营确定是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人共享的食谱。由此可知，CulinaryCamp会吸引对烹饪感爱好的孩子。故选C。3.数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能依据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简洁，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目困难用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采纳“列表法”，即按确定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清楚，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太困难的数据，可采纳“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简洁的运算就可得出。…Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800 B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。4.图文转换题此类试题要求依据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或依据图形选出相应的文字。可采纳“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，快速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。（2015，四川卷）50.Thecardaboveis_________A.aticket B.apostcardC.aninvitation D.anadvertisement51.Thepartyisfor_________A.abirthdayB.theQueenC.beewatchingD.theNationalDay52.Accordingtothecard,ifyouareunabletogo,youcan.A.returnthecardB.visittheMuseumC.ignorethemessageD.contactAlice'smother【答案】50.C51.A52.D【解析】这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。50.C主旨大意题。依据文章的wearethrowingaparty以及comebugwithus.可知，这是一张邀请函，故选择C。51.A细微环节理解题。依据文章中的Aliceisturning2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A。52.D细微环节理解题。依据文章中的regretstotheQueenBeeat601-555-4111可知假如不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D。5.代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生确定的上下文推想代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较困难的状况下运用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。（2024·新课标卷III））OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSlidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.＂Hey,aren’tyoufromMississippi?＂theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.＂I’mfromMississippitoo.＂Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.＂TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,＂Weltysaid.＂Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.＂TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(团聚).＂Myfriendssaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’＂Weltyadded.＂AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’＂Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.＂Idon’tmakethemup,＂shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.＂Idon’thaveto.＂Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty’speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片段)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.26.Theunderlinedword＂them＂inParagraph6referstoWelty’s_______.A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的挚友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。26.D【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，依据＂Nowwebelieveyourstories＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个生疏人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的挚友信任了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1RECOMMENDATIONBlueperiodBluePeriodfocusesonstudentstryingtopassentranceexamsforartschools.Thestorycentersaroundasecond-yearseniorhighschoolstudentwithapassionfordrawingwhoaspirestostudyattheTokyoUniversityoftheArts.Yamaguchiprovidesrealisticportrayalsofartschoolexams,whicharedifferentfromthetestsofregularcolleges.Ithaswonthe2024CartoonGrandPrize,anannualawardjudgedbybookstoreemployeesandothermangaenthusiasts.BeastarsBeastarsisamangaserieswrittenandillustratedbyParuItagaki.Thisserieswasthewinnerofthe2024TaishoMangaPrize.Thestorytakesplaceinaworldofmodern,civilized,anthropomorphicanimalswithaculturaldividebetweenthecarnivoresandherbivores.Theseriestakesitsnamefromthein-universerankofBeastar,anindividualofgreattalent,service,andnotoriety.Spy×FamilySpy×FamilyisaJapanesemangaserieswrittenandillustratedbyTatsuyaEndo.Thestoryfollowsaspywhohasto“buildafamily”inordertoexecuteamission,notrealizingthatthegirlheadoptsasadaughterandthewomanheagreestobeinafakemarriagewithareamindreaderandanassassinrespectively.NodameCantabileIt’sthewinnerofthe2004KodanshaMangaPrize.Thesonofafamouspianist,musicstudentShinichiChiakidreamsofstudyingabroadandbecomingaconductorlikehismentor.Unfortunately,hisfearofflyinggroundshisloftyplans!Ashewatchesotherclassmatesachievewhathehasalwayswanted,Shinichiwondersifheshouldquitmusicaltogether.ThenonedayhemeetsfellowstudentMegumiNoda,alsoknownasNodame.Thisoddballgirlcannotcook,clean,orevenreadamusicscore,butshecanplaythepianoinincomparableCantabilestyle.AndsheteachesChiakisomethingthathehasforgotten:toenjoyhismusic,nomatterwhereheis.1.Ifyouwanttogotoanartcollegetolearnpainting,youmaychoose.A.Blueperiod B.BeastarsC.Spy×Family D.NodameCantabile2.Whichofthefollowingisnotawardedaprize?A.Blueperiod B.BeastarsC.Spy×Family D.NodameCantabile3.Ifyouwanttoexperiencehappinessfromawholefamily,youmaychoose.A.Blueperiod B.BeastarsC.Spy×Family D.NodameCantabile【答案】1.A2.C3.C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要举荐了四本漫画作品，介绍了其故事内容和所获奖项等信息。1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Thestorycentersaroundasecond-yearseniorhighschoolstudentwithapassionfordrawingwhoaspirestostudyattheTokyoUniversityoftheArts.(故事围绕一名酷爱绘画的高二学生绽开，他渴望进入东京艺术高校学习)”可知，假如你想去艺术学院学习绘画，你可以选择Blueperiod。故选A。2.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Ithaswonthe2024CartoonGrandPrize(荣获2024年卡通大奖)”；其次段中“Thisserieswasthewinnerofthe2024TaishoMangaPrize.(这部漫画获得了2024年大正漫画奖)”；以及最终一段中“It’sthewinnerofthe2004KodanshaMangaPrize.(这是2004年讲谈社漫画奖的得主)”可知，Spy×Family没有获奖。故选C。3.细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中“Thestoryfollowsaspywhohasto‘buildafamily’inordertoexecuteamission,notrealizingthatthegirlheadoptsasadaughterandthewomanheagreestobeinafakemarriagewithareamindreaderandanassassinrespectively.(故事讲解并描述的是一个间谍为了完成一项任务，不得不‘组建家庭’，却不知道自己收养的女儿和假结婚的女人分别是读心术者和杀手)”可知，假如你想体验一个大家庭的华蜜，你可以选择Spy×Family。故选C。2“Allpuppiesarecute,”explainsCliveWynne,theheadofArizonaStateUniversity’scanine-sciencelaboratory.“Butnotallpuppiesareequallycute."Indeed,recentresearchindicatesthatpeakpuppycutenessservesimportantpurposesandmightplayanimportantroleinbindingdogandownertogether.Inastudy，Wynneandhiscolleaguessoughttopindown,scientifically,thetimelineofpuppycuteness.Theirfindingwas:Peopleconsistentlyconsidereddogsmostattractivewhentheyweresixtoeightweeksold.Thisage,Wynnesays,isanimportantdevelopmentalperiod:Motherdogsstopnursingtheiryoungaroundtheeighthweek,afterwhichpuppiesrelyonhumansforsurvival.Peakcuteness,then,isnoaccident.Humansseemtobeespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)tocutethings.Researchdatingbacktothe1940sshowsthatalmostanycreaturewithbabylikefeatures—largeeyes,abulgingforehead,shortlimbs—isabletodrawourliking.Butpuppycutenessisuniquelyhuman-directed.Otherresearchmakesclearjustwhydogsseektocommandourattention.Oxytocin,theso-calledlovehormone,hasbeenfoundtosuddenlyincreaseindogsandtheirownersaftertheylookineachother’seyes.Inotherwords,themoredogsgetustolookatthem,themoretightlybonded(联系)tothemwegrow.Bornblindandbasicallydeaf,puppiesaren’tinteractive(互动的)intheirfirstweeksoflife,andWynnenotesthatmanypeoplefindanimalsinthisstagealienandunattractive.Arecentstudyfocusedonhumansshowedthat,similartosix-week-oldpuppies,six-month-oldbabiesareseenassignificantlycuterthannewborns,whichinspiresafloodofsocialinteractions,suchaspetting,playing,andbaby-talking.Theseactsaredevelopmentallyfundamentaltobothbabiesandpuppies.4.FromWynne’sresearchwecanlearnthatcutenessissomething____.A.puppiesarebornwith B.thathelpspuppiessurviveC.thatincreasessteadilyaspuppiesgrow D.thathelpspuppiestodefendagainstdanger5.Whatcan-welearnaboutOxytocinfromthepassage?A.Oxytocinisahormonethatwillinspirelove.B.Oxytocinisahormonethatonlyexistsindogs.C.Oxytocincanbeincreasedbyconstanttouch.D.Oxytocinwillincreasegreatlywhendogsstareatus.6.Theunderlinedword"alien"inParagraph4probablymeans____.A.unique B.lovely C.strange D.dangerous7.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Fromuglytocute B.Man’sbestfriendC.Survivalofthecutest D.Loveliestanimals:puppies【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.C【分析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲解并描述了狗狗的可爱度与人类之间的联系，并依据对于可爱度的探讨，引发的对于人类与新生儿之间互动性的思索。4.细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Thisage,Wynnesays,isanimportantdevelopmentalperiod:Motherdogsstopnursingtheiryoungaroundtheeighthweek,afterwhichpuppiesrelyonhumansforsurvival.Peakcuteness,then,isnoaccident.”（Wynne说，这个年龄是一个重要的发育时期:狗妈妈在第8周左右停止喂养它们的幼犬，之后幼犬依靠人类生存。因此，萌到极点并非偶然。）可知从Wynne的探讨中，我们可以了解到“可爱”有助于小狗生存。故选B。5.细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Oxytocin,theso-calledlovehormone,hasbeenfoundtosuddenlyincreaseindogsandtheirownersaftertheylookineachother’seyes.”（催产素，也就是所谓的爱情荷尔蒙，被发觉在狗狗和主子对视后会突然增加）可知我们能从文章中了解到催产素是一种能激发爱的荷尔蒙。故选A。6.词句揣测题。依据最终一段“Bornblindandbasicallydeaf,puppiesaren’tinteractive(互动的)intheirfirstweeksoflife,andWynnenotesthatmanypeoplefindanimalsinthisstagealienandunattractive.”可知狗狗刚生下来时没有视觉和听觉功能，不与人互动，所以在这个阶段一般是生疏并且不吸引人的。此处的alien应当是“生疏的”意思，与strange意思相符。故选C。7.主旨大意题。依据第一段“Indeed,recentresearchindicatesthatpeakpuppycutenessservesimportantpurposesandmightplayanimportantroleinbindingdogandownertogether.”（事实上，最近的探讨表明，小狗的可爱程度达到顶峰是有重要作用的，而且可能在把狗狗和主子联系在一起方面发挥重要作用）结合全文内容，可知本文由狗及人，最终一段提到了依据狗狗可爱度的探讨，引发了对于与新生儿互动的思索。因此，“最可爱的生存”最适合作文章标题。故选C。3Ididn’tunderstandtheironyimmediately.Onlyonthewayhome.ThebookIhadjustreturnedtoourlibrarywascalled“UnquietLandscape,”byChritopherNeve.Hewidenedmyview.Buttheironicwordformeinhisbook’stitle,Irealized,was“unquiet”.Itappliednottothelandscapebuttoourlocallibrary.Ihavevisiteditagainsincethen,andmyconclusionismuchthesame:Thereisnolongeraquietplace.Onbothofmyvisitsthelibrarywaspackedwithsmallchildren,andtheyweredoingratheralotofsmall-childrenthings,suchasdancingincircles,singing,jumpingupanddown,andsoon.Variousadultssittingaroundwereclearlynotdiscouragingthem,rathertheopposite.Iwasn’texactlyshocked.ButIhavetosaythatmyunderstandingoflibrarybehaviorandpurposechangedsomewhat.Allmyupbringingaboutlibrarieswasthattheyweresanctums,placesofescapeinanoisyworld.Ifonesomuchasclearedone’sthroatinalibrary,onewaslikelytobestaredatbythelibrarians—nottomentiontoleratingthedisapprovaloffellowlibraryusersenjoyingtheirpost-lunchnap.ThefirstschoolIattendedhadalibrarythatwasentirelytraditionalinfunction.Init,weboysdid(orwereexpectedtodo)onethingonly:read.ThesecondschoolIattendedallowedonetowriteaswellasreadinthelibrary.Sincethosedays,myattitude,Ihope,haschangedalittle.I’vecomeacrosssomeverypleasantlibrarianseagertohelpwithmyprojects.Someofthemaresurprisinglygenerouswithprovidingaccesstotheirbooks,whichareasdeartothemastheirownchildren.Andthesilencerulehas,overtheyears,becomemuchlessstrict.Evenquiteloudlaughter,Ifind,isnotalwaysfrownedupon.8.Whatdidtheauthordoafterfinishingthebook?A.Hevisitedthelandsmentionedinthebook.B.Heexpressedhisadmirationtothebookwinter.C.Hekepthishabitofstayingquietinthelibrary.D.Hemadeacloseobservationofthelocallibrary.9.Whatdidtheauthorfindoutabouttheadultsinthelibrary?A.Theymadelotsofnoise. B.Theyweresoftwiththekids.C.Theydidn’tlistentothelibrarians. D.Theycouldn’tstoptheirkidsbadbehavior.10.Whatchangeaboutthelibrarieshastheauthorexperiencedinhisschooldays?A.Thelibrariesweremoretraditionalinfunction. B.Thelibrarieswereexpandingveryfast.C.Thelibrariesweremoretolerantofnoise. D.Thelibrariesweregettingbetter-equipped.【答案】8.D9.B10.C【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲解并描述了作者在读了克里斯托弗写的《不再宁静的风景》这本书后，进一步去探究当地的图书馆，作者发觉不受传统规则束缚的图书馆给自己带来更好的体验。8.细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Buttheironicwordformeinhisbook’stitle,Irealized,was“unquiet”.Itappliednottothelandscapebuttoourlocallibrary.Ihavevisiteditagainsincethen,andmyconclusionismuchthesame:Thereisnolongeraquietplace.(但我意识到，在他的书名中，对我来说具有讽刺意味的词是“担心”。它并不适用于风景，而是适用于我们当地的图书馆。从那以后，我又去了那里，我的结论大致相同：这里不再是一个宁静的地方)”可知，作者在读完书后对当地图书馆进一步去了解。故选D。9.推理推断题。依据第三段“Onbothofmyvisitsthelibrarywaspackedwithsmallchildren,andtheyweredoingratheralotofsmall-childrenthings,suchasdancingincircles,singing,jumpingupanddown,andsoon.Variousadultssittingaroundwereclearlynotdiscouragingthem,rathertheopposite.(我两次去图书馆的时候，图书馆里都挤满了小孩子，他们做了相当多的小孩子的事情，比如跳圈圈、唱歌、上蹿下跳等等。坐在四周的大人们明显并没有劝阻他们，反而纵容他们)”可知，在图书馆孩子们唱跳，上下蹦，大人们坐在旁边并没有进行制止，说明大人们对孩子很温顺。故选B。10.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Andthesilencerulehas,overtheyears,becomemuchlessstrict.Evenquiteloudlaughter,Ifind,isnotalwaysfrownedupon.(多年来，必需保持宁静的规则已经变得不那么严格了。我发觉，即使是很大声的笑声，也并不总是遭到人反对了)”可知，图书馆变得更能容忍噪音。故选C。4Whetheryou’reacomicfanornot,you’reboundtohaveseenpostersorsocialmediapostsaboutMarvel’snewestblockbuster(大片),BlackPanther.BlackPantherwasfirstcreatedin1966byStanLeeandJackKirbyandwastransformedintoafilmthisyear.ThestoryfollowsT’Challa,amanlivinginafictionalAfricannationnamedWakanda.BlackPantheristhefirstnon-whitesuperherotohavehisownfilm,makingthisamilestonemovie.ButwhatmakesthisfilmdifferentfromalltheotherMarvelfilms?Takealookatthecastlistandyou’llfindthatthemajorityareblackactorsandactresses.Sure,blackpeoplehavebeeninmoviesbutlookattherolestheyplayandyou’llfindthattheyareoftencastasthecriminals,slavesorpoverty-strickenindividuals.Notthisone!Thefilmalsotakesastepforwardinrepresentation,asblackchildrencannowlookupandseethemselvesandtheirstoriesrepresentedinmediawheretheycouldn’tbefore.Fortoolong,alargeportionofourpopulationhasbeenunder-representedinmedia,thatgroupofpeoplebeingthosewhoarenotwhite.Soit’srefreshingandabouttimetohaveafilmwhichcelebratesAfricapositivelyandadequately!MichelleObama,theformerfirstladyphraseditbeautifullywhenshetweeted,“IlovedthismovieandIknowitwillinspirepeopleofallbackgroundstodigdeepandfindthecouragetobeheroesoftheirownstories.Thankyou,theentireBlackPantherteam!Becauseofyou,youngpeoplewillfinallyseesuperheroesthatlooklikethemonthebigscreen."Herposthasbeensharedmorethan140,000times.Thefilmhasbecomeahit.Ithasalreadybrokenrecords,havingearnedmorethat＄607millionintheUnitedStatesonlysinceitsreleaseinFebrury.Inthefollowingdays,observersexpectBlackPantherwillpassTheAvengersasthehighest-earningsuperherofilminhistory.11.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactsetsBlackPantherapartfromtheotherfilmsaboutblackpeople?A.Blackpeoplearecastasthecriminalsandslaves.B.Africa’slandscapesandculturesarefairlyshownoff.C.Blackpeoplebecomesuperheroesforthefirsttime.D.BlackpeoplehavestarredinthefilmBlackPanther.12.WhatdoweknowaboutMichelleObama’sattitudetothefilmBlackPanther?A.SheacknowledgestheentireBlackPantherteam.B.ShelovesthefilminthatitwasshotinAfrica.C.Herpostaboutthefilmreceivedlittlereaction.D.ShethinksthecomicbookBlackPantherbetterthanthefilm.13.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthereview?A.Theboxoffice. B.Thecast. C.Thespecialeffect. D.Thestoryline.【答案】11.C12.A13.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章是一篇影评，文章主要介绍了电影《黑豹》的别出心裁之处以及其受欢迎的缘由。11.细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“BlackPantheristhefirstnon-white