《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-二、水稻纹枯病绿色防控双语

二水稻纹枯病绿色防控

GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

水稻纹枯病

Ricesheathblight,

又称云纹病、花足秆、烂脚病，我国各稻区均有发生，尤以长江流域和南方稻区发生面积广且严重。主要引起鞘枯和叶枯，使水稻结实率下降，粒重减轻，一般减产10%~30%，严重时可达50%以上。

alsoknownasscaldorrottedfootdisease,occursinallriceregionsinChina,especiallyintheYangtzeRiverBasinandsouthernriceregions.Itmainlycausessheathblightandleafblight,whichreducesthesettingrateandgrainweightofrice,generallyby10%~30%,andevenmorethan50%inseverecases.（一）症状识别

SymptomIdentification

从秧苗期至穗期均可发生，以抽穗期前后发病最盛。主要为害叶鞘，也可为害叶片。叶鞘发病先在近水面处出现水渍状暗绿色小点，扩大后形成椭圆形或云纹形病斑。常几个病斑相互愈合成为云纹状大斑。

Thediseasecanoccurfromtheseedlingstagetotheheadingstage,andthediseaseismostcommonbeforeandaftertheheadingstage.Itmainlydamagesleafsheathsandleaves.Whentheleafsheathisattacked,water-staineddarkgreendotsappearnearthewaterareafirst,andthenexpandtoformovalormoirespots.Severalspotsoftencloseuptolargemoire-likespots.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（一）症状识别

SymptomIdentification

湿度大时，病部会出现白色的蛛丝状菌丝体，然后形成白色绒球状菌丝团，即为前期菌核；随着病程的发展，最后变成褐色的形似鼠粪状菌核。

Whenthehumidityishigh,whitearachnoidfilamentousmyceliumwillappearintheaffectedpart,andthenwhitepompon-likehyphaemasswillbeformed,whichistheearlysclerotium;withthedevelopmentofthedisease,itwillfinallybecomebrownmousefecal-likesclerotium.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

病状Symptoms

病症Symptoms暗绿色病斑，边缘不明显Darkgreenspotswithinconspicuousedges边缘褐色，中央灰白色，椭圆形或云纹状病斑Brownedge,grayish-whitecenter,ovalormoire-likespots许多病斑连在一起时，成云纹状大斑Whenmanyspotsareconnectedtogether,theybecomelargemoire-likespots湿度大时，病部长出白色菌丝体Whenthehumidityishigh,whitemyceliawillappear白色绒球状的菌丝团（前期菌核）Whitepompon-likehyphaemass(earlysclerotium)褐色的形似鼠粪状菌核Brownmousefecal-likesclerotium二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight水稻纹枯病诊断要点

DiagnosticPointsofRiceSheathBlight常发生在稻株的叶鞘及叶片上，病斑云纹状，边缘褐色，中央灰白色，后期在得病部位产生褐色鼠粪状菌核。Itoftenoccursontheleafsheathsandleavesofriceplants,withmoire-likespots,brownedges,andgrayish-whitecenters.Inthelaterstage,brownmousefecal-likesclerotiaareproducedattheaffectedparts.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（二）病原菌

(II)PathogenicBacteria

无性态：半知菌亚门丝核菌属的立枯丝核菌

Asexuality:RhizoctoniasolaniofDeuteromycota

有性态：担子菌亚门亡革菌属的瓜亡革菌Sexuality:ThanatephoruscucumerisofBasidiomycotina二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight稻纹枯病菌菌丝Hyphaeofpathogensofricesheathblight二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight诊断要点：病斑云纹状，后期产生鼠粪状菌核。Diagnosticpoints:Thespotsaremoire-like,andmousefecal-likesclerotiaareproducedinthelaterstage.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（三）发病规律

OccurrenceRegularity

病菌主要以菌核在土壤中越冬，也能以菌核和菌丝在病稻草、田边杂草等其他寄主上越冬。水稻收割时大量菌核落入田间的土壤中，成为次年或下季水稻的主要初侵染源。

Thepathogensmainlyoverwinterinthesoilassclerotia,andcanalsooverwinterinotherhostssuchasdiseasedstrawandfieldweedsassclerotiaandhyphae.Whenriceisharvested,alargenumberofsclerotiafallintothesoilofthefield,becomingthemainsourceofprimaryinfectionofriceinthenextyearornextseason.

菌核的生活力极强，可在土壤等环境中存活很长时间，如土表或土表下1～3cm土层的越冬菌核存活率87.8%以上。

Sclerotiahavestrongviabilityandcansurviveforalongtimeinsoilandotherenvironments.Forexample,thesurvivalrateofoverwinteringsclerotiaonthesoilsurfaceor1~3cmsoillayerunderthesoilsurfaceismorethan87.8%.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

春耕灌水后，越冬菌核飘浮于水面，栽秧后浮在水面上的菌核就附着在稻丛基部的叶鞘上。条件适宜时，萌发产生菌丝，在稻株叶鞘上延伸并通过气孔或直接穿破表皮侵入，潜育期少则1～3d，多则3～5d。

Afterspringplowingandirrigation,theoverwinteringsclerotiafloatonthewatersurface,andthesclerotiafloatingonthewatersurfaceafterseedlingplantingareattachedtotheleafsheathatthebaseofthericecluster.Whenconditionsaresuitable,hyphaewillbeproducedbygermination,whichwillextendontheleafsheathofriceplantsandinvadethroughstomataordirectlythroughtheepidermis.Theincubationperiodis1–3daysatleast,and3–5daysatmost.

二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

病菌侵入稻株后，在叶鞘组织内不断扩展蔓延，并向外长出气生菌丝，气生菌丝在病部组织附近往外蔓延，并通过接触攀缘侵入附近稻株，进行再次侵染。病部形成的菌核脱落后，可随水飘漂附在稻株基部，萌发产生菌丝，也能引起再侵染。

Afterthepathogeninvadesthericeplant,itcontinuouslyspreadsintheleafsheathtissueandgrowsaerialhyphae,whichspreadsoutneartheaffectedtissueandinvadesthenearbyriceplantthroughcontactandclimbingforre-infection.Afterthesclerotiaformedontheaffectedpartsfalloff,theycanfloattothebaseofriceplantswithwater,andgerminatetoproducemycelia,whichcanalsocausere-infection.

水稻拔节期病情开始激增，抽穗期以叶鞘为害为主，抽穗后向叶片、穗颈部扩展。在南方稻区，早稻上发病产生的菌核可作为晚稻的初侵染源。

Thediseasebeginstoincreasesharplyduringthejointingstageofrice,andtheleafsheathisthemaindamageduringtheheadingstage,whichexpandstotheleavesandearneckafterheading.Inthesouthernriceregion,thesclerotiafromearlyricecanbeusedastheprimaryinfectionsourceoflaterice.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight纹枯病为高温高湿病害，温度高于22℃，相对湿度达90%以上即可发病，温度在25～31℃，相对湿度97%以上时发病最重。Sheathblightisahigh-temperatureandhigh-humiditydisease,whichoccurswhenthetemperatureishigherthan22°Candtherelativehumidityisabove90%,andisthemostseriouswhenthetemperatureis25–31°Candtherelativehumidityisabove97%.

水稻品种及生育期对纹枯病的抗性有一定的差异，如矮秆阔叶型比高秆窄叶型感病，粳稻比籼稻感病，糯稻最感；生育短、早熟比生育期长而迟熟的品种发病重。

Theresistanceofricevarietiesandgrowthstagestosheathblightisdifferent.Forexample,thedwarfbroadleaftypeismoresusceptiblethanthetallstemnarrowleaftype,japonicariceismoresusceptiblethanindicarice,andglutinousriceisthemostsusceptible;short-growthandearly-maturityvarietiesaremoresusceptibletothediseasethanlong-growthandlate-maturityvarieties.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（四）防治技术

ControlTechnique

1、种植抗病品种Plantingdisease-resistantvarieties

尽管目前无高抗品种，在病情特别严重的地区尽可能选用一些中抗或者耐病品种及不带病稻种。

Althoughtherearenohighresistantvarietiesatpresent,somemediumresistantorresistantvarietiesandnon-diseasedricevarietiesshallbeselectedasfaraspossibleinareaswithparticularlyseriousdiseases.2、清除菌源

Removalofbacterialsource

在稻田翻耕灌水时，大多数菌核浮在水面，被风吹集到田角和田边，应捞出菌核并深埋或烧毁。不直接用病稻草和未腐熟的病草还田，铲除田边杂草，可有效减少菌源，减轻前期发病。

Whenthepaddyfieldisplowedandirrigated,mostsclerotiafloatonthewatersurfaceandareblowntothecornersandedgesofthefieldsbythewind.Sclerotiashallbefishedoutandburiedorburned.Donotdirectlyreturndiseasedstrawandundecomposeddiseasedgrasstothefield,andeliminateweedsattheedgeofthefield,whichcaneffectivelyreducethesourceofbacteriaandreducetheearlyonsetofdisease.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight3、科学肥水管理，合理密植

Scientificfertilizerandwatermanagementandreasonablecloseplanting

合理排灌，以水控病，避免长期深灌或过度晒田，其中尤以分蘖末期至拔节前进行适时搁（晒）田、后期干干湿湿的排灌管理，降低株间湿度，促进稻株生长健壮，对控制纹枯病的危害效果显著。

Reasonabledrainageandirrigationshallbecarriedouttocontrolthediseasewithwaterandavoidlong-termdeepirrigationorexcessivesunningofthefield.Especially,irrigationanddrainagemanagementshallbeconductedfromtheendoftilleringtothebeginningofjointing,suchastimelyfielddraining(drying),dryandwetinthelaterstage,whichcanreducethehumiditybetweenplants,promotetherobustgrowthofriceplants,andhaveasignificanteffectoncontrollingthedamageofsheathblight.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

施肥原则是前重、中控、后补，即施足基肥，早施追肥，不可偏施氮肥；氮、磷、钾要配合施用，增施磷钾肥，使水稻前期不披叶，中期不徒长，后期不贪青；做到农家肥与化肥，长效肥与速效肥相结合，氮肥应早施，切忌偏施氮肥和中、后期大量施用氮肥。

Theprincipleoffertilizationistoapplyheavyfertilizerinthefront,controlinthemiddleandsupplementintheback,thatis,applysufficientbasefertilizer,applytopdressingfertilizerearly,anddonotapplyexcessivenitrogenfertilizer;nitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumshallbeappliedincombination,andphosphateandpotassiumfertilizersshallbeappliedtopreventricefromdroopingleafintheearlystage,excessivegrowthinthemiddlestageandlateripeninginthelaterstage;thecombinationoffarmyardmanureandchemicalfertilizer,long-actingfertilizerandquick-actingfertilizershallbeachieved.Nitrogenfertilizershallbeappliedearly,andexcessiveapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerandlargeapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerinthemiddleandlatestagesshallbeavoided.

在确保基本苗的情况下，适当放宽行距，改善稻田群体通透性，降低田间湿度，减轻病害危害。早熟品种可以适当密植一点。

Undertheconditionofensuringbasicseedlings,therowspacingshallbeappropriatelyrelaxedtoimprovethepermeabilityofricefieldpopulation,reducefieldhumidityandreducediseasehazards.Early-maturingvarietiescanbeplantedalittlemoreclosely.二

水稻纹枯病绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight4、药剂防治

ChemicalControl一般在水稻分蘖末期，丛发病率达15%或拔节至孕穗期丛发病率为20%的田块，需要用药防治。分蘖末期用药在于抑制病菌菌丝生长，控制病害水平扩展；孕穗期至抽穗期用药在于抑制菌核的形成和控制病害垂直扩展，保护稻株顶部功能叶。

Generally,attheendoftill