山东大学外国语学院《621实践英语》历年考研真题及详解

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choo选D。3.Youmustn'tallowagoldenopportunityto6.Thesepilotsmustnowfacetheoftheiractionsandbebroug A.musthavegone1.Theyarereluctant5.WhilewethinkofrainbowsasliofEnglish.centuries.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasan Americaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Weareobliged(2) thembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevan languages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscentury,however,tSapir'spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericanthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereastrongestform,statestWhorfhypothesis,butthistermissomewhatinappropriate.(10)both为“如此...以至于..”。)各种语言之间的差异性，但萨丕尔自己从来没有明确地表示过支持语言决定论的观念。)eachquestionbasedonwhatHarvardthrilledmiddle-classparentslastweekbycappingitstuitionformovesparkedhopesofadonationracethatcouldeasethesoaringcostsofcollege.Earlierthismonth,DukejoinedagroupofschoolsincludingButmanypointoutthatthesegestureswtodivertpressureforreformsinthewayscollegesspendtheirmespeciallytheestimated$380billionofaccounts.“It'sanimportantgesture,”Collepublicbenefit.”Manycollegeofficials,ofcourse,arebattlingsuchrulechanges.WhiHarvard,Yale,andPrinmuchastheyshould.ChrisBittman,chiefinvestmentofficeroflastfiscalyear,bringingtheschool'sendowmenttonearsupportstheschool'spolastforever,hesays.Instead,endowmentsshoulStill,pressureappearstobeforcingsomestepformankind.”2.Sen.ChuckGrassleysuggeC.school'sspending4.Thephrase“asmallstepformankind”inA.encouragemorepublicsconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUhiverThevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinbetween$7billionand$1scholarlyjournalsarenowoncollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-lhybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowistraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess;atleastforthepublicationofpapers.D.thetraditionalprocessofjournal7.Whichofthefollowin8.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublica9.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisA.coverthecostofitB.subscribetothejournalpublishingitC.allowotheronlinejour的报告，现在差不多有75%的学术期刊可在线查阅),可知在线期刊让者(或其雇主)付钱发表文章，显然A选项是正确答案。其他三个选项pen-thatrecordit.Inthatrespect,oneofthetheiraffairs,ignorantofwhathasandhasn'tworkedbefore,andunawareoftheirownpurposes,evenifitmeansfundamentallychangingit.phrase:“History,ifforgotten,isdoomedtoberepeated.” A.RevisionofWorldWarⅡeventhasproventhatsuchactionsareC.Onceonepieceofhistoryisrevised,thewD.Iftheintegrityofhistoryisbreached,itcansoonbefullyrecovered.D.TherevisionofhistoryItmaynotbeobvious,butheapregnancyputsinfantsontheroadtobilingualismbybirth.AccordingtonewpreferencesthaninfantsborntomothersspeakingonlyonelanguatheUniversityofBritishColumbiaalongwithTraceyBurnsoftheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentgroupsofnewbornsweretestedintPhilippines,andEnglishregularlydprocedure”tostudytheinfantsResultsshowedthatEnglishmonolingualinfantsweremoreinterestedinEnglishthanTagalog—theyexhibitedincreasedsuckingbehaviorwhentheyheardEnglishthanwhentheyhbilingualinfantshadanequalpreferenceforpreferences,preparingbilingualinfantstolistentoandlearnaboutbothofoneofthelanguagesuntiltheylostinteTheresearchersobservethat,“Monolingualnewborns'prthat,“Bilingualnewborns'interestinbotto,andhencefurtherlearningabout,eachoftheirlanguages.”DiscriminationA.infants'suckingreactionstB.languagelikingsanddiscerningabilityoD.infants'suckingpreferencebetweendifferentlanguages17.Inthe“high-amplitudesB.greaterspeechatt18.AccordingtoParagraph3,language0.Bilingualnewborns'interestinbothlanguagesisheltB.keepthetwolanguagC.obtainlongerlisttuniversity.Studentsinlastyear'ssurveypaiduptof1,255ayear.BuwhetheroveralltheyweresatisEnglandand9%intheUKsaidtheywerenot.Morethanacourses.However,thiswasanimprovementonlastyearwhen36%werefcentreforthestudyofart,design,fashion,communicationandtheperformingarts,hadthehighestproportionsatisfiedwith21%dissatisfiedwiththeircourfromthetopofthepoll,butremainednearthetopwith92%ofstudentssatisfiedwiththeircourses.AttheUniversityofCambridge,91%wereScotlandwith92%ofstudentsAberystwythhadthehighestproportionofsatisfiedstudentsinWaleswith90%ofstudentspositiveabouttheWesStreeting,presidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents,said“Wearepleasedthatmoststudentsremainhappywiththequalityofuniversitylevelsofsatisfactionasthefirstgroupofstudentstopaytopupfeesprepared“TuitionfeesinEnglandweretrebledin2006,butstudentshavenotseenclearlynoroomforcomplacencyonthepartofuniversities,whohavearesponsibilitytoimprovestandardsinaccordancewiththeirresources.”Areviewthisautumnwilllookintowhetherfees,capOurhighereducationsystemiscontinuingtomeetthechallengeofprovidingarewardingandqualityexperiencetostudentsacrossthecountry.”DianaWarwick,chiefexecutiveofthevice-chancellors'umbrellagroupatatimeofeconomicuncertaintywhenstudentsmaybeunderstandablysatisfactionrateremainsover80%.”TheConservatives'shadowhigher“Studentsarepayingmuchmoreinfeesbuttheyarenotmoresatisfiedwiththeircourses—theseresult“Deliveringabetterstudentexperiencemustbeakeypriorityforstudentexperienceandwideningaccess,weneedafullreviewoffeessystemassoonaspossible.issuefurtherintothelonggrass.”NorthernIrelandandfurthereducationcollegesinEnglandtookptyear.Three-fifthsofallfinalyearstudecollegesoruniversitiesintheUKtookpart.AccordingtotheIpsosMorispayhighertuitionandfacethehighestlevelsofgraduateemployment.Someuniversityofficialsclaimedtobepleasedwiththeresultthatmoststudentssatisfiedwiththequalityofcourseandthequalityofteaching,morethanaconfidencenecessaryforsuccess,andhewon'tworkhishardest,eventhoughthis.Whenhewasasmallboy,hegotofftoapoorstartinaway,theytoodevelopedtheidea,“Isn'tittoobadthatAlfredcan'tdoarithmetic?”Heacceptedtheiuselesstotry,andwasverypofyoubelieveyoucandosomething,youaremoreliSecond,negativeattitudewillcertainlattitude,Iwasleastinclinedreallytoolazyandvulnerable.Neversay*no'tschool,Iamstillnotexcellentitheunusedkey,theywillsoonshowsignsofrustand,ultimately,cannotdodoorsofknowledge,thscience,art,literature,agriculture—everydepartmentofhumhillsideinsteadofcalculatingtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choo A.becametheboyB.theboybecomesD.doestheboybecome4.ItishightimethatsomemeasureB.anyofthestudentshardlydidC.anyofthestudentsdidhardlyD.HardlyanyofthestudentsdidfallowthecoupletotheB.catchupwithD.theregoingtobe案为A项。1.ThearrestofMr.Parkermarksthethirdc加being。6.Duringtheearlydecadesof1600's,furniturema9.This,ofcourse,leadstoleachindividualtakepriorityinthelifeof economically,(2)isittobringhonortothefamil Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwoadvocateofthephilosophyomoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanbeingaparenton“qualitytInAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglas“voluntarysimplicity”—has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhattherearenewsletters,

C.“Alateralmove”me2.Thewriter'sexperimentshowsthatdownshA.SheregrettedquittingherjoD.Shetriedtodragherselfoutofit.4.“Jugglingone'slife”probablymeanslivingalifech B.abitofeverythingresultofA.thequickpaceofmodemlifeC.man'ssearchformythconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversThevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinbetween$7billionand$1scholarlyjournalsarenowonlcollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-lhybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsalonlysubscriberstoreadapaperfofreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowistraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.A.thebackgroundinformationB.Itintroducesan8.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublica9.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,thA.coverthecostofitspublicationB.subscribetothejournalpublishingitC.allowotheronlinejournalstdaydreaming,checkingFacebook,surfingtheweb,textingandtweeting;ifworld-classlecturesonlineaboutevery'subjectimaginable,froMIT,andTheOpenUnpoundsperyear.It'sasituationthatcan'tcontinue,andunlessuniversitiese'rewrong.Thesimplefactisthatuniversity.”lecturesdthatwellinthefirstplace—it'sjustthatforcenturies,wedidn'thaveanyInfact,thesuccessoftopuniversities,bothnowandhistorically,isinspiteoflectures,notbecauseofit.something,andtheycanreview"thetranscriptwhenrevising.AtsomeB.setacomparativekeynoteofthetextB.boringvs.entertainingD.worldrenownedvs.initiallyrecognizedauthorof“TheAgeofAmericanUnreason”,forexample,citesthe2007surveybegan,thenumbestory,poemorplayinthepast12monthshad“It'sjustablip,”oneprofessortoldTheNewYorkTimes.Itiscertainlyasnapshot.Butitisnotstatisticallyinsignificant.AstheNEA'sresearchdirector,SunilIyengar,pointsout,almosteverydemographic15%and20%respectivelysinceatlowerlevelsofedrose24%in2002-08.Teacherssometimesdespairofyoungmen,whose“Readinghasbecomeahigherpriority.”dleisurepursuitsofmanykinds.Museroding.Whathasnotchanged,though,isAmerica's“functionalilliteracy”rate.Fully21%ofadultcouldn't,oneoftheworstratesintherichworld.16.WhatdoestheautA.adultreadersreadmoreB.morepeopleareadvocatiC.thenumberofeducatedpeoplei18.SunilIyengar,theNEA'sresearchdirectC.theincreasehascB.readinghasbecomethefinalaidictionarypublisherstochangethemeaningoftheworpaying,low-skilljobsthatofferedlslackerodeGenerationX,whichchronicledtheeffortsofa“lost”generdefineditas“anunstimulating,low-paidjobwithfewprospects,especiallysector.Theobject,accordingtoDavidFairhurst,aseniorvice-presidentofMcDonald's,istochangethedefinitionof“McJob”to“reflectajobtstimulating,rewarding...andoffersskillsthatlastalifetime.”AtfirsttheOED,Britain'sdictionaryofrecord,explainedthatitmerelydefinitionwas“outdated”and“insulting.”onthedefinitionofa“McJob”:“We'reanalyzingthesituationatthemomenttoldTIME.“It'sacontinuingprocess.”chroniclingofunflatteringslang.Lastyear,Britain'sPotatoCounciltuberwasinherentlyunhealthy,thusdrivingdownbusiness.Instead,theThistime,however,couldbedifferent—notleastbecauseofthesizeofBritain'sparliamentcondemningthepejorativeuseserviceindustrytoday.”ButtheMcDonald's“wordwar”ishardlyconfinedtothecorridorsofpower.LastFridaymorninginBirmingham,TIMEfoundaMcDovanbeamingimagesofbright,happyMcDonald'sstaff,urgingpassers-byto“We'reevidencecollecting',saidSueHusband,headofregioAddsDouglasWright,alocalMcDonald'sfranchisee,“We'retryingtoreenergizethedefinition[and]we'performthem.“Payisanissue,”saidNikki,whoworksasadhere;you'reonyourfeeteighthoursaday.”Anotheremployee,who“It'sjustajob.”describes,notthepesupportersofthecampaigntoredefine“McJob”liketoemphasize:“ServiceDigbyJones,formerchiefoftheConfederationofBritishIndustry.Skepticsisusedinlanguage,thatis,“McJob”,becausethiswordisdefinedas“anunstimulating,low-paidjobwithfewerprospects”.Therefore,thewordbattlebeginsbetweentherofinterestgroups.ButtheMcDonald's“wordwar”ishardlyconfinedtotheputthemintotheirhands.Thistime,theybrokethemeasily.Hethe“MySons,ifyouareofonemind,andunitetohelpeachother,youwillbeasthisbundleofchopsticks,uninjuredbychopsticks.”shouldn'tignoretheimportanceofunity;otherwise,wewillpayaheavylot.Forexample,on12thMay,2008,aterribleearpeople,Sichuangetsthroughthisdisastersuccessfully.So,unityistocooperatewithothers.Inthecan'tbeseparatedfromthesocialdivisionoflaborhandsmakelightwork”.Throughcooensuresitsgoodrunning说一个...奶奶突然说：“月亮进来了!”contentment.OnMid-autumnnight,wesitonthecourtyard,expemoontocomeupbut,afteralongwhileofwaiting,itisn't.Wemovebackto“Themooniscomingin.”mirrorinfrontofthewtothecheckedcurtain,pre“Itisgone,becauseit'sinahurry;goandlookforitoutside.”It'snottheturkeyalonewe'regratefulffwegivethanks,andwedo,eachinourownway.Andwhatwe'rethankfulofbelonging.granted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChooseONEan2.Thefutureofthisworldfamouscompanyis:manyofits 5.IfIwereinmovie.thenitwouldbeabouttimethatImyhead6.Theparty,Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.3.Pathology,branchofmedicine,isconcernedwithdeterminingtheofsociety.5.Thesecontaminants,Ithink,arethreatingthehumanThehumanvoiceis(1)ofmakingaverylargenumberofsounds,consists(3)separate,orderedparts:syllables,words,phrases,clauses, thestructureoflanguageissological.Languagehassyntax,w inthepronunciationofavowel.Suchachangeaffectsthe“color”ofthespeechbuthasno(9)onthemeaningofaword.Changecanalsocomeinthecreationof(10)words.Inventions,discoveries,andnew音。)3.ofread.That'saproblemifyoudowhatIdo,butit'sanevenbiggerproblemifyou'rethekindofpersonIam.SinceIdiscoveredreading,I'vealwaysbeensurroundedbystacksofbooks.Ireadmywaythroughcamp,school,nights,bed.,”hewrites,“andreadonepaperbackafteranotheruntiltwoorthreeinlivingathousandlives,eachonemorepowerful,moreaccessible,andmorerealthanmyown.”Iknowthatboy:Growingupinthesameneighwasthatboy.AndIhavealwaysreadlikethat,althoughthesedays,Sowhathappened?Itisn'tafailureofdesiresomuchasoneofnotwill,exactly,butfocus:theabilitytostillmymisomeoneelse'sworld,andtoletthatsweread,animatingthewainotourown.Inorderforthistowork,however,weneedacertaintypeofwhicheverythingisbloggedantheoppositeposition,thatweimmerse,slowdown,“AfterSeptember11,”MonaSimpsononcewrote,“Ididn'treadbooksforthenews.Books,bytheirnature,arenevernewenough.”Bythis,Simpsonreading;instead,atamomentwhenitfeltasiftimewasonfastforward,Ofcourse,thesourceofmydistractionissomewhatdifferent:nonothing.WhatI'mstrugglingwithistheencroachmentofthebuzz,thC.theauthorwasborninManhattan,NewYork5.Theauthor'sattitudetodriftinfantasy,livingathousandlives,eachonemorepowork,however,weneedacertaintypeofsilence,anabilitytofilterout“3M”comesfrom“MinnesotaMining&Manufacturing,”butthosethreehistory,manyof3M'sbreakthroughproandbeyond.SaysNoaStaryk,chairoftheMcKnightFoundatgreat-grandfather:innovationandrisktaking“sand”failedtoretainitsadhesiontothebackingpaper.AndnohiredOkie,andby1921,3Mhadreleasbreakthroughproduct.AsRichardCarlton,3M'sdirectorofmanufacturingandauthorofitsfirsttestingmanual,wchancetoproveitsworth,andthisistruefortworeasons:(1)Ifitisgood,wewantit;(2)Ifitisnotgood,wewillhavepurchasedpeaceofmindwhenwe6.Whatcanmanyof3M'sbr7.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeans“debacle”asusedinparagrapht B.HelikeshearingC.manyof3M'sproductsarefromcustomer'sideasMining&Manufacturing,”butthosethreeM'smightbettersM最好代表错误=魔力=金钱。其后作者举了多例证明偶然性事故和新的想法对公司都很重要。由此可知，突破性产品可能源于问题。故选A。mobiledevices.Thattheyathe2010period,down25%fromthesameperiodthmonthly“talkminutes”fell5%fortheperiodcomparedwith2009;amongtowardphonecallsandtreachotherpeople,”saysNaomiBaronAmericanUniversityinWashington,D.C.,whoconductedthesufttechnology,hasnamed“knowwh/restrnt.” C.itmakesusreflectC.Socialsiteshavejum法显示出发短信者的表情(避免眼神交流),但是文中并未提及使我们反思的越来越少。故选C。统的移动语音传输相比，短信运营商的成本更低，因此用户的成本也更及我们改变了对手机功能的刻板印象。故选A。考虑一下这个问题。故本文最合适的标题应是短信革命，其它选项比较laziness.Itwasaformofeducationthathadnothingtodowithadultscurryoutofonehillandwhattheywouldbringback.Theholinessofthatkindofsummerwasfirstdiminishedbynecessity,whenovercrowdedclassroomsbroughtustheyear-roundschNext,thebattleagainstsocialpromotioIt'snotjusttheschools.Asasociety,wputtingfrogsinyourbunkmates'beds.Thosestillexist,buttheycompforsupposedlygifted,oratleastNoneofthisactivityisrequired,ofcourse.Unluckily,othersocietalStill,itisadecision,howeverunconsciouslymade A。

intheacademicsuccessofboysandgirls.In1970,58%ofcollegegradwereyoungmen;nowcloseto60%ofcollegegraduatesarewomen,andthisschool,butmoreandmore,it'sgirlswhodowellacyisthat?Expertsdisagreeonthereasons.IfyourfSommers'TheWarAgainstBoys,you'llblamefeminismforfeminizingschools;ifyoureadLeonardSax'sWhyGenderMatTheMindsofBoys,you'llthinkit'sthegirlsthateducatorsdon'ttakeintoaccount:ifyboys,andthatteachers'techniquesdon'tworkforthem.Ifyoureadotherexperts,they'lltellyouthatthe“boycrisis”WesternEurope,theUnitedKingdom,AustraliaandNewthatusedtoexistforgirls,thatis,onceweleveledtheplayingschool?Inmyopinion,therearefivedifferenttypesofboyswhoaren'tdoiwithacademicsthatotherboysfindeasy:it'fun,andthey,requiretheongoingyou'retryingyourhardest.”learningdisabilities.Weusedtocallboyswithlearningdisabilitior“lazy.”Now,we'reabletofocusontheareasoftheirbrainsthatdonotschoolishard,andprettyboring,thattheydoenoughhomework,andthatthereareotherthingstobeinterestedingirls,sports,apart-timejob,cars,etc.It'snotthataboylikethishasaparticularpassion,it'sjustthathedoesn'tTheonlywaystomotivatea“cruising/good-enough”boy:1)Contitoholdhighexpectationsforhim,andexpressyouridealsandsoutsideofschoolthataresocompellingthatsboysreceiveplayingfootball,forexaotherboysgetfrompayingjobs,editingtheschoolnewsThe“OtherwiseEngaged”Boy.Inmybook,ThePressuredChild,Italksomeboysforwhomthephysicalexperienceofbeinpsychologicalexperienceofhintolerable.Ifyourboyisallergiunderstandandcanworkwithboyswhohateschoolwithouttakingitpersonally.TheyhavetobewillingtomodifyhomeworkdemandsandtrytotheU.S.butinWesternEurope,theUnitedKingdom,AustraliaandNewZealand.Expertsdisagreeonthereasons.Inauhardandboring;the“OtherwiseEngaged”Boywhohaveinterestsoutsideschool;andthe“OtherwiseEngaged”Boywhoaredfriendship.ShouldyouholdyourtonYoushouldwriteatleyourargumentswithexaSo-calledsortofhonestyhurtsyourbestfriendinthecaseofyouhavenothingwronginthesetwoguys,yetitisthewayhowyouspeakupconclusiongivenbyexperts,butImyselfreallyhavesoloverelationshipwithsomeoneweviewasajerk.Watchinghowyourfriendisbeingtreatedbadlyisheartbreaking.Soyouneedtotakeyouractionsatsayingyouareconcernedandyouhavebasicallymadeabyourself.JuliSlattery,founderofAuthenticIntimacy,aorganizationhelpingpeoplonthathavinganintentionalconversionaboutyourconcernsinsteadofconstantlymakingremarks.besttoencourageyourfriendtomaketheirownchoiceeveniftheyarenotgoingtotakeyouradvice.Remembernoonelikesbeingtold“Itoldyouso.”friend,avoidgivinghimorherthe“brutaltruth”butrathersoftenyourstayoutofit.SheaskedmetohelpherandIdon'tknWecan'tlivewithoutfriendship,however,itneedsmor“nurturingart”tocultivateandgofurther.Honestyinthefriendshipdwehopewecanreallyhelphimorher.Thisistherealfriendship,isYunnanProvince,whereYunnan,TibetandSichuanProvincesmtcouldthinkout;fortheworldofaman'slifeis,forthemostpart,buttheworldofhisthoughts.Thusthebestbooksaretreagoldenthoughts,which,rememberedandcherished,beclastingproductsofhumaneffaswhentheyfirstpassedthroughtheirauthor'smindpage.Theonlyeffectoftimehasbeentosift,outthebadproducts;forweseetheasiftheythem,grievewiththem;theirexperiencebecomesours,andwefeelasifwe人物面前。我们听到他们说了什么,做了什么;他们好像真的活在了我theconvictionofthek予胜者的)奖励，奖赏，(彩票或赌博的)奖金。reward(为捕捉罪犯，找回财物等的)赏金。D.laidofftdt familyalso(8)toexplainthisriseinbirth生(孩子)。)rthey“like”aworkofarrepresented,whentheloveandhatred,thejoysanbehavior.Itdiffersmeutilitarian,moreintense,andfreefrompainfulconsequences.Butscene,thebook,orthepainting.AworkofartvanishesfromsightforaA.emotionalimpactofapainting'ssu2.Itismostlikelythat“thestoryofJohn5.Theauthor'sassumptionworkofartD.themajorityofpeopletryingtointerpreerudition:theliterarysalon.Manfunctionforwomen.Itwasaninformaluniversity,too,wherewomenEnglishwomen,whocalledthemselves“Bluestocking”,followedtheintheircircles.However,astheygainedcohesion,theBlrstudied,worked,wroteforpublication,andbytheiractivitieschallengedthepursuitswithinconventionallimits.Manysalonnieres,infact,cathesalonnieres,theywerenotfeminists.Theyweretootraditional,tooA.thevalueofacquiringknowledgeB.theroleofpleasureinA.DevotiontopleasureandartisjuA.theiremphasisonindividB.competitivenessamongtinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicconditionsthataffectedthestatusofwoanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmeactivitiesduringthesafeminismintheUnitedStateshavewithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwastactivistswhohavebeendescribedas“solitary”and“individualtheorists”wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement—utopiansocialism—walreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwdevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexideologicaldevelop