Unit 1 Learning about language 精讲精练课件VIP

人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguageBuildupyourvocabularyBuildupyourvocabularyCompletetheconversationusingthewordsfromthetext.A:Personally,IthinkTonyisreallyab_____.I’dlovearobotlikeTonylivingatmyhouse.B:Youdid?Tonywasjustamachine.Yes,maybeClairefellinlovewithhimbecauseofhis

i________andd________,butIdon’tbelieverobotscanfeelemotionsofanykind.That’sthedifferencebetweenthemandus.A:Well,Idisagree.IthinkTonylovedClaire.Rememberhowhehelpedherwhenheknewwhattherudes__________didtoherandwhenshefellofftheladder.B:Yes,butthatwasjustpartofTony’srole.TheThreeLaws!Hecouldnotallowahumanbeingtobehurtphysicallyoremotionally.Sohewatchedherwhensheworkingonthe

s________light,ord________thathedidn’twanttoleaveher.Thatwashowhewasmade!A:Yes,suchashamereally!Isupposethatwasthecompany’sgreatestmistake.Theymadetherobotlooksomuchlikearealman,soitcausedconfusingemotionslikeg________orlovetowardsit.Iftheserobotscometothemarket,Ithinkonlypeoplewithbigs________canaffordone.onusntegrityignityaleswomanuspendedeclareduiltalaryWarm-upReplacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilar

meaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.Activity11Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,andtrusthiswordscompletely.2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedtoseethedentistat10:00a.m.3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone’sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.integrityhadanappointmentwithdignityweredismissednotguiltyActivity11Webelieveheisamanofintegrity,andtrusthiswordscompletely.2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadanappointmentwiththedentistat10:00a.m.3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone’sdignityintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentsweredismissedearly.5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumednotguiltyuntilprovenotherwise.我们相信他是一个正直的人，并且完全相信他所说的话。亨利跟我说他着急赶时间，因为他上午十点约了牙医。谣言就像锋利的刀，会把人的尊严切碎。我们应该有所警觉并且不去到处散播不好的事情。因为假期到了，学生们很早就放学了。除非被证明有罪，不然不管是谁被指控有罪都不应该被假定有罪。Activity15

Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumednotguiltyuntilprovenotherwise.译文：除非被证明有罪，不然不论是谁被指控有罪都不应该被假定有罪。分析：该句由whoever引导的主语从句充当主语，其中charge作动词，意为

“控告，起诉，指控”。until引导时间状语从句，从句主语与主句

主语一致，故省略。且从句主语与谓语动词为被动关系，故用被动语

态。还原从句“untilhe/sheisprovenotherwise(guilty)”。Activity1WhydidClairebegintotrustTony?Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantfactorthathelpsustoearnpeople’strust?TonyalwaystreatedClairewithdignity,andshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrity.Therefore,shebegantotrusthim.Forme,thosewhoarehonestandsincerearemorelikelytowinmytrust.Reviewthetextanddiscussthequestionsingroups.Activity1Whydoyouthinkthoughitwascompletelyinnocent,ClairestillfeltguiltywhenshewasdiscoveredbyGladys?Obviously,Clairewasinnocentofcheatingonherhusband,yetshedidfollowallTony’sinstructionsandtendtorelyonhimemotionally,whichshowedthatherattitudeandfeelingschangedgreatly.Ibelievethat’swhyshefeltguiltysomehow.Reviewthetextanddiscussthequestionsingroups.Matcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.Activity21income2fee3fare4payment5salary6bonus7saving8wage()moneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,

bythe

organisationheorsheisworkingfor()moneygivenforworkdone,

goodsreceived,

etc.()moneypaidforworkorservices,

typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis()extraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody’swagesasarewardfor

hardworkorgoodperformance()moneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoon()moneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceor

services()moneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,

suchasthebus,

train,

ortaxi()moneysavedforaspecialpurpose54861237earningmoneythatapersonearnsfromtheirwork

指薪水、工资、收入incomemoneythataperson,aregion,acountry,etc.earnsfromwork,frominvestingmoney,frombusiness,etc.收入；收益；所得用income还是earnings？earnings表示工作所得的报酬，不包括非劳动所得，例如银行存款的利息等。income一般看作是可靠的固定收入。earnings指设法挣得的非固定收入。Activity2近义词辨析savingsmoneythatyouhavesaved,especiallyinabank,etc.储蓄金；存款salarymoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,

bythe

organisationheorsheisworkingfor通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金wagemoneypaidforworkorservices,

typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis通常指按周领取的工资、工钱paymoneythatemployeesearnfordoingtheirjob指工资、薪水用wage、pay还是salary？pay在这组词中含义最广。在工厂等工作的雇员按周领取的工钱用wages。办公室工作人员、教师、医生等专业人员按月领取的薪金用salary，但通常以年薪表示。dividendanamountoftheprofitsthatacompanypaystopeoplewhoownsharesinthecompany红利；股息；股利bonusanextraamountofmoneythatisaddedtoapayment,especiallytosb’swagesasareward

奖金；红利farethemoneythatyoupaytotravelbybus,plane,taxi,etc.

车费；船费；飞机票价feeanamountofmoneythatyoupayforprofessionaladviceorservices

专业服务费；咨询费；报酬chargetheamountofmoneythatsbasksforgoodsandservices

（商品和服务所需的）要价，收费

fascinating

testout

dismiss

science

fiction

morelike

dignity

intelligentCompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsin

thebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAIdevelopment.Activity3Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand

____________

inthefuture.Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,

butnowrobotsoldiershave

alreadybeen

__________

inwar.Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,

talk,

and

dootherthingslikehumans.

Althougharobotthatlooks

__________

ahumanthanamachine

couldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,

wehavetoadmitthatitisa

__________possibility.

Sophia,

currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAIrobotintheworld,isagreat

example.

Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,

appearedonthecoversofmagazines,

andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.

Whenit

comestogames,

2017becameayearinwhichAIdefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthat

AIresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAIcanwinatalmosteverything.Sohavewe

lostthe

__________

ofbeingthemostintelligentcreature?

Maybeinthefuture,

asAIbecomes

evenmore

__________,itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.

However,somepeople

__________

thisfear.

TheybelieveifAIcanhandletaskslikecalculatinganddrivingforus,

we

willhavemoretimeforcreating,

thinking,

and“beinghuman”.science

fictiontestedoutmorelikefascinatingdignityintelligentdismissBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresGrammar1

语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。ThePassiveVoice被动语态2使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be+动词过去分词”，语义上主语为动

作的承受者或对象，主要用于需要强调动作承受者、不必指出动作执行者的情

况，或出于语篇衔接连贯的需要。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。3在“be+动词过去分词”结构中，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，变化规则与

系动词be相同。被动语态的时态、人称和数的形式变化列表（以push为例）一般完成进行现在过去将来Iampushed...He/She/Itispushed...We/You/Theyarepushed...I/He/She/Itwaspushed...We/You/Theywerepushed...I/He/She/It/We/You/Theyshall/willbepushed...He/She/Ithasbeenpushed...I/We/You/Theyhavebeenpushed...I/You/He/She/It/We/Theyhadbeenpushed...Iambeingpushed...He/She/Itisbeingpushed...We/You/Theyarebeingpushed...I/He/She/Itwasbeingpushed...We/You/Theywerebeingpushed...使用被动语态的过去进行时的句子，谓语由“was/were+being+动词过去分词”构成，表达过去某个时间正在进行的含有被动含义的动作、行为。如：ThelasttimeIwentbacktomyhometown,abigpowerstationwasbeingbuiltthere.上次我回家乡时，那里正在修建一个大电厂。Shewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,

anditwasdisturbing.她被一个看起来很像人的机器人照顾着，这让她不安。Scanthereadingtextandfindthesentenceswiththeverbsinthepassivevoice.Thenrewritethesentencesintheactivepassivevoice.1ThehouseholdrobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyClaire.Clairewasgoingtotestoutthehouseholdrobot.2Therobotwouldn’tallowhertobeharmed.Therobotwouldn’tallowanybodytoharmher.3Shewasbeinglookedafterbyarobot.Arobotwaslookingafterher.4Hewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops.Someonedidn’tallowtherobottoaccompanyhertotheshops.Activity15Shewasbeingtreatedbadly.Thesaleswomanwastreatingherbadly.6Howawfultobediscoveredbyher.HowawfulGladysdiscoveredthatsheandTonywereinarelationship.7Thehousewasbeingcompletelytransformed.Therobotwastransformingthehousecompletely.Whyisthepassivevoiceused?Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Activity21Whatisdonecannot__________.(undo)2Janet__________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould__________tothecakemix.(add)4A3,000-seatvenue_____________________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency_________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6

Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage__________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)7

Itisagreathonourformeto__________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8

WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman’ssalary_____________________atthemeeting.(discuss)9

WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto_________________toatopuniversity.(admit)beundonewaselectedbeaddedwasbuilt/willbebuilthasbeenimprovedisallowedbeinvitedwasbeingdiscussedbeadmittedTranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.Activity21Whatisdonecannotbeundone.

木已成舟。2Janetwaselectedchairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.

珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。3Twohundredgrammesofflourshouldbeaddedtothecakemix.

蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。4A3,000-seatvenuewasbuilt/willbebuiltforthecircusperformanceinNovember.

一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成／将在十一月建成。5Workingefficiencyhasbeenimprovedsincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.

自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。6

Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggageisallowedforeacheconomyclasspassenger.

经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.Activity27

ItisagreathonourformetobeinvitedtoaddressthisinternationalAIconference.

我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。8

WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman’ssalarywasbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.

我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。9

WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedtobeadmittedtoatopuniversity.

使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。explore

translate

discover

regard

represent

setup

recruit

write

getcaughtup

connectReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Activity3Sciencefiction__________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand______________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,__________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook__________manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.isregardedexplored/representedwrittenwastranslatedrepresentsexplore

translate

discover

regard

represent

setup

recruit

write

getcaughtup

connectActivity3TheThree-BodyProblembeginswiththestoriesoftwounrelatedpeople,YeWenjieandWangMiao.Ye__________tojoinasecretprojectinaremoteareaofChina,which______________tocontactalienlifeforms.Intheotherstory,set20yearslater,WangMiao______________inapopularonlinegamecalled“ThreeBody”,inwhichpeopleliveonanunknownplanetwiththreesuns.ButWangdiscoversitismorethanagame—ituncoversagreatdangerthreateninghumanexistence.Howarethesetwopeople’sstories__________?AndhowwilltheirbehaviourchangeEarth’sfutureandthecivilisationsofotherplanets?Answerstoallthesequestionsarewaitingto_____________whenyougoonreading.isrecruitedgetscaughtuphasbeensetupconnectedbediscoveredReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Activity3Afterreadingtheintroduction,whatdoyouknowaboutTheThree-BodyProblem?Theme:______________________________________________________________

Author:_____________________

Whatdoyouthinktheauthor’sintentionofwritingthebook?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Genre:_____________________

sci-finovelspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumansLiuCixinTheauthorintendstotellushowourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedandrepresentedinsciencefiction.rumour

n.

_______________________________presume

vt.&vi.

__________________________

fare

n._______________________________weekly

adj.

_________n.________________ona

...

basis

________________________________calculate

vt._______________________________chairwoman

n._______________________________谣言；传闻每周的假设；假定根据；以……的方式（基准）计算；核算；预测女主席；女董事长；女委员长WordsandPhrases车费；船费；飞机票价周刊gramme

n.

__________________________________

flour

n.__________________________________venue

n.

__________________________________salesman n.__________________________________alien

n.__________________________________

adj.

_