西安外国语大学翻译硕士考试试题

西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1.请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。2.请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，铅笔答题无效。3.请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。4.请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。5.本科目总分为100分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。6.考试结束后，请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋，并及时交回。

TaskOne:VocabularyandGrammaticalStructure

SectionA

Directions:Thissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytointerpretthemeaningsofwordsindifferentcontexts.Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselectonewordorphrasefromthefourchoicesthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordineachsentence,andthenwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.(20%)1.Psychologistshavedoneextensivestudiesofhowwellpatientscomplywithdoctorsorders.[A]obey[B]understand

[C]improvewith[D]agreewith2.Starsarecomposedofintenselyhotgasesandderivetheirenergyfromnuclearreactionsoccurringintheinteriors.[A]extremely[B]uniformly

[C]explosively[D]continually3.From1775to1776theAmericansundertookanunsuccessfulcampaignagainsttheBritishinCanada.[A]wage[B]headed

[C]Paidfor[D]attendedto4.Becauseofitsoldmannerisms,theprayingmantishasalwaysintriguedhumanbeings.[A]fascinate[B]aggravated

[C]offended[D]terrified5.Industrialself-sufficiencyintheUnitedStatesdevelopedsimultaneouslywiththemassproductionoftextilesinNewEngland.[A]smoothly[B]concurrently

[C]effectively[D]spontaneously6.Theinitialappearanceofthesilverthree-centpiececoincidedwiththefirstissueofthree-centstampsin1851.[A]occurredatthesametimeas[B]collidedwith

[C]wasnecessitatedby[D]wassimilarto7.Chicago’sO’HareInternationalAirportaccommodatesforty-fourmillionpassengersperyear.[A]amazes[B]lures

[C]handles[D]counts8.Regionalplanningdealswithproposalsconcerningoutlyingcommunitiesandhighwaysaswellaswithurbanaffairs.[A]outlandish[B]exclusive

[C]exempted[D]remote9.Theintroductionofthebussignaledtheeventualdemiseofthetrolleycarasaformoftravel.[A]designation[B]mechanization

[C]disappearance[D]friskiness10.InSilentSpring,RachelCarsonforcefullydecriedtheindiscriminateuseofpesticides.[A]haphazard[B]unpleasant

[C]regional[D]periodic

11.Afteritsfounding,theUnitedStatesgovernmentfollowedapolicyexplicitlydesignedtoaidnationalshipping.

[A]prematurely[B]economically

[C]specifically[D]proudly

12.Beforesocialinequalitycanbealleviated,itsprincipalcausesmustbediagnosed.

[A]denounced[B]relieved

[C]analyzed[D]controlled13.Astronautsaresubjectedtothemostrigoroustrainingthathaseverbeendevisedforhumanbeings.[A]demanded[B]created

[C]diagnosed[D]allowed14.Weightliftingisthegymnasticsportofliftingweightsinaprescribedmanner.[A]vigorous[B]popular

[C]certain[D]careful15.ProjectSkylabwasdesignedtodemonstratethatapersoncanworkandliveinspaceforprolongedperiodswithoutilleffects[A]unexpected[B]obvious

[C]adverse[D]immediate16.Playsthatentaildirectinteractionbetweenactorandaudiencepresentnounusualdifficultiesforactors.[A]advocate[B]involve

[C]elicit[D]exaggerate17.Sincespeechissuchafamiliaractivity,itisoftenregardedasauniversalendowment.[A]event[B]habit

[C]trait[D]gift18.InthePacificNorthwest,asclimateandtopographyvary,sodothespeciesthatprevailintheforests.[A]rebuild[B]invade

[C]dominate[D]tend19.InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsandpropelledbymeansofwoodenpad.[A]carved[B]docked

[C]drivenforward[D]carriedupright20.UnitedStatescitizensarenowenjoyingbetterdentalhealth,asshownbythedecliningincidenceoftoothdecay.[A]treatment[B]consequences

[C]occurrence[D]misfortune

SectionB

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,somepartofthesentenceorthewholeisunderlined.Rephrasetheunderlinedpartsoastoexpressmosteffectivelywhatispresentedintheoriginalsentence.Yourcorrectionshouldbedearandexact,withoutawkwardness,ambiguityorredundancy.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.(10%)21.Creditcardsarenowacceptedinexchangeformanygoodsandservicesaroundtheworldandinsomecountries,liketheAmericans,isusedevenmorewidelythancash.22.ScholarsrecognizedimmediatelythatthelanguageexperimentsinFinnegan’sWakearedifferentthananyothernovel.23.Whenitrainsoutside,mostparentsprefersmallchildrentoplayindoors.24.Requiredbylawtoregisterbytheendoftheyear,thepostofficewascrowdedwithlegalaliensattemptingtocomplywiththelawbeforethedeadline.25.Inthepastfewyears,significantchangeshavetakeplaceintheorganizationofoureconomythatwillprofoundlyaffectthecharacterofourlaborunionsaswellasinfluencingconsumerandindustriallife.TaskTwo:ReadingComprehension

SectionADirections:Readthefollowingtwotexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D];writeyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.(20%)Text1TheancientGreeksandtheChinesebelievedthatwefirstclothedourbodiesforsomephysicalreason,suchasprotectingourselvesfromtheelements.Ethnologistsandpsychologistshaveinvokedpsychologicalreasons:modesty,taboo,magicalinfluence,orthedesiretoplease.Anthropologicalresearchindicatesthatthefunctionoftheearliestclothingwastocarryobjects.Ourhunting-gatheringancestorshadtotravelgreatdistancestoobtainfood.Forthemalehunters,carryingwasmucheasieriftheywerewearingsimplebeltsoranimalskinsfromwhichtheycouldhangweaponsandtools.Forthefemalegatherers,moreelaboratecarryingdeviceswerenecessary.Womenhadtotransportcollectedfoodbacktothesettlementandalsohadtocarrybabies,sotheyrequiredbagsorslings.

Anotherfunctionofearlyclothing-providingcomfortandprotection—probablydevelopedatthesametimeasutility.Ashumanbeingsmultipliedandspreadoutfromthewarmlandsinwhichtheyevolved,theycoveredtheirbodiesmoreandmoretomaintainbodywarmth.Today,westilldresstomaintainwarmthandtocarryobjectsinourclothes.Andlikeourhunting-gatheringancestors,mostmenstillcarrythingsontheirperson,asiftheystillneededtokeeptheirarmsfreeforhunting,whilewomentendtohaveaseparatebagforcarrying,asiftheywerestillfood-gatherers.Butthesetwofunctionsofclothingareonlytwoofmanyusestowhichweputthegarmentsthatweweartoday.

Thereisacleardistinctionbetweenattirethatconstitutes“clothing”andattirethatismoreaptlytermed“costume”.Wemightsaythatclothinghastodowithcoveringthebody,andcostumeconcernsthechoiceofaparticularformofgarmentforaparticularpurpose.Clothingdependsprimarilyonsuchphysicalconditionsasclimate,health,andtextile,whilecostumereflectssocialfactorssuchaspersonalstatus,religiousbeliefs,aesthetics,andthewishtobedistinguishedfromortoemulateothers.

Eveninearlyhumanhistory,costumefulfilledafunctionbeyondthatofsimpleutility.Costumehelpedtoimposeauthorityorinspirefear.Achieftain’scostumeembodiedattributesexpressinghispower,whileawarrior’scostumeenhancedhisphysicalsuperiorityandsuggestedhewassuperhuman.Costumeoftenhadamagicalsignificancesuchasinvestinghumanswiththeattributesofothercreaturesthroughtherecenttimes,professionaloradministrativecostumeisdesignedtodistinguishthewearerandtoexpresspersonalordelegatedauthority.Costumecommunicatesthestatusofthewearer,andwithveryfewexceptions,theaimistodisplayashighastatusaspossible.Costumedenotespower,andsincepowerisoftenequatedwithwealth,costumehascometobeanexpressionofsocialclassandmaterialprosperity.

Auniformisatypeofcostumethatservestheimportantfunctionofdisplayingmembershipinagroup:school,sportsteam,occupation,orarmedforce.Militaryuniformdenotesrankandisintendednotonlytoexpressgroupmembershipbutalsotoprotectthebodyandtointimidate.Asoldier’suniformsays.“Iampartofapowerfulmachine,andwhenyoudealwithme,youdealwithmywholeorganization.”Uniformsareimmediatebeaconsofpowerandauthority.Ifapersonneedstodisplaypower—apoliceofficer,forexample—thenthebodycanbevirtuallytransformed.Heightcanbeexaggeratedwithprotectiveheadgear,thickclothingcanmakethebodylookbroaderandstronger,andbootscanenhancethepowerofthelegs.Uniformsalsoconveylowsocialstatus;atthebottomofthescale,theuniformoftheprisonerdenotesmembershipinthesocietyofconvictedcriminals.

Religiouscostumesignifiesspiritualorsuperhumanauthorityandpossessesasignificancethatidentifiesthewearerwithabelieforgod.Asuccessfulclergyhasalwaysdisplayedimpressiveinvestmentsofonekindoranotherthatclearlydemonstratethereligiousleader’sdominantstatus.26.Accordingtothepassage,whataspectofhumanity’shunting-gatheringpastisreflectedintheclothingoftoday?[A]Peoplecovertheirbodiesbecauseofmodesty.

[B]Mostmenstillcarryobjectsontheirperson.

[C]Womenlikeclothesthatarebeautifulandpractical.

[D]Menwearpants,butwomenwearskirtsorpants.27.Whichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3?[A]Clothingservesaphysicalpurpose,whilecostumehasapersonal,social,orpsychologicalfunction.[B]Welikeclothingtofitourbodywell,butdifferentcostumesfitdifferentlydependingonthepurpose.[C]Bothclothingandcostumearetypesofattire,butitisoftendifficulttodistinguishbetweenthem.[D]Peoplespendmoretimeinchoosingspecialcostumesthantheydoinselectingeverydayclothing.28.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph4thattheauthormostlikelybelieveswhichofthefollowingaboutcostume?[A]Wecanlearnaboutasociety’ssocialstructurebystudyingcostume.[B]Costumeusedtoserveasimplefunction,butnowitisverycomplex.[C]Themainpurposeofcostumeistoforcepeopletoobeytheirleaders.[D]Costumeisrarelyareliableindicatorofaperson’smaterialwealth.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussthepoliceofficer’suniforminparagraph5?[A]Todescribetheaestheticaspectsofcostume.[B]Toidentifythewearerwithahero.

[C]Tosuggestthatpolicearesuperhuman.

[D]Toshowhowcostumeconveysauthority.30.Allofthefollowingarelikelytobeindicatedbyaperson’scostumeexcept[A]playingonafootballteam.

[B]beingaprisoner

[C]havingaheartcondition.

[D]leadingareligiousceremony.Text2ThefoundersoftheRepublicviewedtheirrevolutionprimarilyinpoliticalratherthaneconomicorsocialterms.Andtheytalkedabouteducationasessentialtothepublicgood—agoalthattookprecedenceoverknowledgeasoccupationaltrainingorself-improvement.Overandoveragain,theRevolutionarygeneration,bothliberalandconservativeinoutlook,asserteditsconvictionthatthewelfareoftheRepublicresteduponaneducatedcitizenryandthatschools,especiallyfreepublicschools,wouldbethebestmeansofeducatingthecitizenryincivicvaluesandtheobligationsrequiredofeveryoneinademocraticrepublicansociety.Allagreedthattheprincipalingredientsofaciviceducationwereliteracyandtheinculcationofpatrioticandmoralvirtues,someothersaddingthestudyofhistoryandthestudyofprinciplesoftherepublicangovernmentitself.

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.TextsinAmericanhistoryandgovernmentappearedearlyasthe1790s.Thetextbookwritersturnedouttobeverylargelyofconservativepersuasion,morelikelyFederalistinoutlookthanJeffersonian,andalmostuniversallyagreedthatpoliticalvirtuemustrestuponmoralandreligiousprecepts.SincemosttextbookwriterswereNewEnglanders,thismeansthatthetextswereinfusedwithProtestantand,aboveall,Puritanoutlooks.

InthefirsthalfoftheRepublic,civiceducationintheschoolsemphasizedtheinculcationofcivicvaluesandmadelittleattempttodevelopparticipatorypoliticalskills.Thatwasatasklefttoincipientpoliticalparties,townmeetings,churches,andthecoffeeoralehouseswheremengatheredforconversation.Additionally,asareadingofcertainfederalistpapersoftheperiodwoulddemonstrate,thepressprobablydidmoretodisseminaterealisticaswellaspartisanknowledgeofgovernmentthantheschools.Thegoalofeducation,however,wastoachieveahigherformofunumforthenewRepublic.Inthemiddlehalfofthenineteenthcentury,thepoliticalvaluestaughtinthepublicandprivateschoolsdidnotchangesubstantiallyfromthosecelebratedinthefirstyearsoftheRepublic.Inthetextbooksoftheday,theirrosyhuesifanythingbecamegolden.Totheresplendentvaluesofliberty,equality,andabenevolentChristianmoralitywerenowaddedthemiddle-classvirtues—especiallyofNewEngland—ofhardwork,honestyandintegrity,therewardsofindividualeffort,andobediencetoparentsandlegitimateauthority.Butofallthepoliticalvaluestaughtinschool,patriotismwaspreeminent;andwheneverteachersexplainedtoschoolchildrenwhytheyshouldlovetheircountryaboveallelse,theideaoflibertyassumedprideofplace.

31.Thepassagedealsprimarilywiththe

[A]contentofearlytextbooksonAmericanhistoryandgovernment.

[B]roleofeducationinlate18th-andearlytomid-19th-centuryAmerica.

[C]influenceofNewEnglandPuritanismonearlyAmericanvalues.

[D]establishmentofuniversal,freepubliceducationinAmerica.32.Accordingtothepassage,thefoundersoftheRepublicregardededucationprimarilyas[A]areligiousobligation.[B]aprivatematter

[C]amatterofindividualchoice.[D]apoliticalnecessity.33.Theauthorstatesthattextbookswritteninthemiddlepartofthenineteenthcentury[A]departedradicallyintoneandstylefromearliertextbooks.[B]mentionedforthefirsttimethevalueofliberty.[C]treatedtraditionalcivicvirtueswithevengreaterreverence.[D]werecommissionedbygovernmentagencies.34.WhichofthefollowingwouldLEASTlikelyhavebeenthesubjectofanearlyAmericantextbook?[A]theAmericanRevolution.

[B]patriotismandothercivicvirtues

[C]principlesofAmericangovernment.

[D]vocationaleducation35.TheauthorimpliesthatanearlyAmericanPuritanwouldlikelyinsistthat[A]moralandreligiousvaluesarethefoundationofcivicvirtue.[B]textbooksshouldinstructstudentsinpoliticalissuesofvitalconcerntothecommunity.[C]textbooksshouldgivegreateremphasistothevalueofindividuallibertythantothedutiesofpatriotism.[D]privateschoolswithaparticularreligiousfocusarepreferabletopublicschoolswithnoreligiousinstruction.SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.(15%)TheGreenhouseEffectandGlobalWarmingCarbondioxideandothernaturallyoccurringgasesintheearth’satmospherecreateanaturalgreenhouseeffectbytrappingandabsorbingsolarradiation.Thesegasesactasablanketandkeeptheplanetwarmenoughforlifetosurviveandflourish.Thewarmingoftheearthisbalancedbysomeoftheheatescapingfromtheatmospherebackintospace.Withoutthiscompensatingflowofheatoutofthesystem,thetemperatureoftheearth’ssurfaceanditsatmospherewouldrisesteadily.

Scientistsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutahuman-drivengreenhouseeffectresultingfromariseinatmosphericlevelsofcarbondioxideandotherheat-trappinggreenhousegases.Theman-madegreenhouseeffectistheexhalationofindustrialcivilization.Amajorcontributingfactoristheburningoflargeamountsoffossilfuels—coal,petroleum,andnaturalgas.Anotheristhedestructionoftheworld’sforests,whichreducestheamountofcarbondioxideconvertedtooxygenbyplants.Emissionsofcarbondioxide,chlorofluorocarbons,nitrousoxide,andmethanefromhumanactivitieswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect,causingtheearth’ssurfacetobecomewarmer.Themaingreenhousegas,watervapor,willincreaseinresponsetoglobalwarmingandfurtherenhanceit.

Thereisagreementwithinthescientificcommunitythatthebuildupofgreenhousegasesisalreadycausingtheearth’saveragesurfacetemperaturetorise.Thisischangingglobalclimateatanunusuallyfastrate.AccordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,theearth’saveragetemperatureclimbedabout1degreeFinthepastcentury,andnineofthetenwarmestyearsonrecordhaveoccurredsince1990.AUnitedNationspanelhaspredictedthataverageglobaltemperaturescouldriseasmuchas10.5degreesFduringthenextcenturyasheat-trappinggasesfromhumanindustryaccumulateintheatmosphere.

Whatarethepotentialimpactsofanenhancedgreenhouseeffect?Accordingtoestimatesbyaninternationalcommittee,NorthAmericanclimaticzonescouldshiftnorthwardbyasmuchas550kilometers(340miles).Suchachangeinclimatewouldlikelyaffectallsectorsofsociety.Insomeareas,heatandmoisturestresswouldcutcropyields,andtraditionalfarmingpracticeswouldhavetochange.Forexample,intheNorthAmericangrainbelt,highertemperatureandmorefrequentdroughtduringthegrowingseasonmightrequirefarmerstoswitchfromcorntowheatandtousemorewaterforirrigation.

Globalwarmingmayalsocauseariseinsealevelbymeltingpolaricecaps.Ariseinsealevelwouldacceleratecoastalerosionandinundateislandsandlow-lyingcoastalplains,someofwhicharedenselypopulated.Millionsofacresofcoastalfarmlandwouldbecoveredbywater.Furthermore,thewarmingofseawaterwillcausethewatertoexpand,thusaddingtothepotentialdanger.

Globalwarminghasalreadyleftitsfingerprintonthenaturalworld.Tworesearchteamsrecentlyreviewedhundredsofpublishedpapersthattrackedchangesintherangeandbehaviorofplantandanimalspecies,andtheyfoundampleevidenceofplantsbloomingandbirdsnestingearlierinthespring.Bothteamsconcludedthatrisingglobaltemperaturesareshiftingtherangesofhundredsofspecies—thusclimaticzones—northward.Thesestudiesarehardevidencethatthenaturalworldisalreadyrespondingdramaticallytoclimatechange,eventhoughthechangehasjustbegun.Ifglobalwarmingtrendscontinue,changesintheenvironmentwillhaveanenormousimpactonworldbiology.Birdsespeciallyplayacriticalroleintheenvironmentbypollinatingplants,dispersingseeds,andcontrollinginsectpopulations;thus,changesintheirpopulationswillreverberatethroughouttheecosystemstheyinhabit.36.Accordingtothepassage,howdocarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesaffecttheearth-atmospheresystem?37.Whatcaneinferredfromparagraph3aboutglobalclimatechange?38.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisoneeffectthatclimatechangecouldhaveonagricultureinNorthAmerica?39.Whatevidencedoestheauthorgivethatclimatezoneshaveshiftednorthward?40.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybywritingTHREEsentencesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.

Scientistsareconcernedaboutthegreenhouseeffectanditsroleinglobalwarming.

TaskThree:CompositionWritingDirections:Readthefollowingessayquestioncarefully,formulateatitlebasedonthequestionandwritea400-wordcompositionontheAnswerSheet.(35%)

“Educationhasbecomethemainproviderofindividualopportunityinoursociety.Justaspropertyandmoneyoncewerethekeytosuccess,educationhasnowbecometheelementthatmostensuressuccessinlife.”

Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeopinionstatedabove.Supportyourpointofviewwithreasonsand/orexamplesfromyourownexperience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：

1.请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。

2.请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，铅笔答题无效。

3.请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。

4.请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。

5.本科目总分为150分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。

6.考试结束后，请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋，并及时交回。一、百科知识（解释下列各句中划线名词的含义。总分50分，每个名词2分；答题时间：60分钟）1.在第18届世界美学大会开幕式讲话中，袁仁贵引用孔子的“兴于《诗》，立于礼，成于乐”强调美育对人格塑造的作用。2.四书五经将译为八个语种，英文版《论语》将于明年问世。3.孔子的“德不孤，必有邻”体现了我国外交政策的文化渊源。4.以色列特拉维夫大学教授欧永福首次将中国古籍《道德经》译为希伯来文。5.19世纪自然科学最重要的发现是：能量守恒定律、细胞学说、进化论。6.宋代，由于闽学的发展，福建学者的《周易》研究名重全国。7.“不战而屈人之兵”是中国传统战略思想的精髓所在。8.禅宗对唐代以后的中国文化影响极大，也影响着今天的东亚、欧美文化。9.“上善若水，情系西南：中国书画大师抗旱救灾慈善捐款会”在京举行。10.中医思想认为，“养之不素则病生”。11.国学大师季羡林称《大唐西域记》是研究印度历史、哲学史、宗教史、文学史的一部稀世奇书。12.由于知识经济的发展，20世纪90年代以来美国经济保持了连续增长。13.文艺复兴时期，以伽利略为代表的意大利科学家发展了古希腊的科学文化，开创了实验科学传统。14.2008年北京奥运会开幕式堪称一部以奥运语言展示中国的宣传，其内涵可用“礼之用，和为贵”来阐释。15.杜甫的《北征》、《三吏》、《三别》集中表现出“沉郁之美”。16.“大鹏一日同风起，扶摇直上九万里”，足见李白诗歌的“飘逸之美”。17.上海世博园中国馆展示的100多米长卷《清明上河图》引起众多观众驻足。18.1993年，戈尔表示，美国政府的“信息高速公路”政策已初步成型。19.以“拯救地球、重在行动”为宗旨的可持续发展世界首脑会议于2002年8月在约翰内斯堡国际会议中心举行。20.亚里士多德的“四因说”旨在揭示自然界万物的存在与变化。21.公园5世纪左右，罗马基督教会创办了教会学校，“七艺”成为主要课程。22.19世纪《动物起源》的发表引发了一场影响深远的思想革命。23.20世纪中叶，科学、技术、生产的相互渗透全面促进了系统科学的建立。24.基因工程的产生使整个生物技术跨入了一个崭新、快速的发展时代。25.进入21世纪，东西方两大科学体系正在统一，新科技革命拉开序幕。二、应用文写作（总分40分；答题时间：60分钟）请根据所提供的两篇英文材料，用汉语编写一片450字左右的新闻报道，标题自拟，要求信息准确，完整客观，言简意赅，行文符合规范。

阅读材料1U.S.toProbeifChinaCleanEnergyActionsWTO-LegalWashingtonSat.Oct.16,20106:13amIST(Reuters)TheU.S.governmentonFridayagreedtoinvestigateaU.S.laborunion’schargesthatChinasubsidizesandprotectsitsgreentechnologyproducersinviolationofglobaltraderules.“ThisisavitallyimportantsectorfortheUnitedStates,”U.S.TradeRepresentativeRonKirksaid.“WetaketheUSW’s(Unitedsteelworkers)claimsveryseriouslyandwearevigorouslyinvestingthem.”DemocraticlawmakershailedtheactionasassignofPresidentBarackObama’sdeterminationnottoletChinauseunfairtradepracticestodominateglobalproductionofsolarpanels,windturbinesandothergreentechnologies.“WhilebothChinaandtheU.S.mustcontinuetoworktowardacleanenergyfuture,itislongpastduefortheChinesegovernmenttoplaybytherules,”HouseofRepresentativesSpeakerNancyPelosisail.Thedecision,unveiledninedaysbeforeitwasdueonOct24,cameonthesamedayastheTreasuryDepartment’sannouncementthatitwasputtingoffforatleastonemonthareportonwhetherChinaismanipulatingitscurrencyforanunfairtradeadvantage.Treasurysaiditwasdelayingitssemi-annualreportonforeignexchangeratepracticesuntilafterapairofinternationalsummitsinNovembertogivediplomaticpressureonChinamoretimetoachieveresults.Kirk’sannouncementshouldplaywellinhard-hitindustrialstatesandhelpDemocraticcongressionalcandidateswhosupportedthepetitionmakethecasetheyarefightingtosaveAmericanjobs.DemocraticseatsareatriskinmanystatesaheadoftheNov.2midtermelections.USTR’sdecision“sendsthemessagethatAmericaisnotgoingtostandbywhileourjobsgetoutsourced,”saidLeoGerard,presidentofthesteelworkersunion.“Astheelectionapproaches,votersshouldaskeverycandidatewhethertheysupportatradepolicythatcreatesjobsandwealthhereathomeoronethatignoresChina’sunfairandillegalpractices,”hesaid.Theunion,whichrepresents1.2millionactiveandretiredmembers,filedaformalpetitionwithKirk’sofficeinSeptemberaskingittoinvestigateChina’s“illegalactivities”infivegreentechnologiesareas.ItaccusesChinaoftryingtodominatetheglobalclean-energysectorbyshoweringbillionsofdollarsofsubsidiesondomesticproducers,discriminatingagainstforeignfirmsandgoods,restrictingforeignaccesstocriticalrawmaterialsandrequiringforeigninvestorstotransfertechnology.KirksaidU.S.tradeofficialswouldmorethoroughlyinvestigatetheallegationsoverthenext90daysanddecidewhethertoaskChinaforconsultationsonanyparticularconcern,whichisthefirststepinfilingaformalcomplaintattheWorldTradeOrganization.

阅读材料2U.S.BarkingupWrongTreebyPickingatChina’sCleanEnergyIndustryXINHUA,2010-10-0423:14:20Beijing,Nov.4(Xinhua)—ExpertsonaTVinterviewprogramforXinhuaNewsAgencyThursdaysaidtheyweresurprisedattheU.S.301probeintoChina’scleanenergypracticesandpolicies,addingthattheUnitedStateswasbarkingupthewrongtreeinmakingthisdecision.“Itisnaturallyagreatcauseforeachcountrytodeveloprenewableenergy…thedevelopmentoftherenewableenergyindustrycallsforsubstantialsupportfromthegovernmentincombatingclimatechange,”saidQinHaiyan,aseniorfellowwiththeChineseWindEnergyAssociation.However,rapiddevelopmentoftheindustry,stillnewintermsofdevelopment,wouldbeimpossiblewithoutsupportfromthegovernment,Qinsaidduringtheshow,ChinaView,broadcastonXinhua’s24-hourTVservice,CNCWorld.Throughouttheworld,governmentsubsidiestoboostgreentechnologyindustriesarecommonpractices,notedQin,“Forinstance,countrieslikeGermanyandDenmarkhavetheso-calledfeed-intariffpolicy,whiletheUnitedStatesisputtinginplacepoliciessuchasPTC(ProductionTaxCredit)andITC(InvestmentTaxCredit).”Chinaencouragesthedevelopmentofthissectorthroughsubsidizingtheterminalmarketandgivingfinancialsupporttothescientificresearchanddevelopmentinthefield,with7millionyuan(1billionU.S.dollars)allocatedlastyeartosubsidizeproducersofrenewableelectricity,Qinsaid.China’stopenergychief,ZhangGuobao,saidlastmonththatsubsidiesgivenbytheU.S.governmenttoitsnewenergyenterprisesamountedto4.6billionU.S.dollarsinthefirstninemonthsofthisyear,including3billionU.S.dollarsforwindpowerbusinesses.TheprobedecisionwasmadebytheU.S.governmentonOct.15followingapetitionfiledbytheUnitedSteelworkersunion,whoclaimChina’s“massive”subsidieswereresponsibleforjoblossesintheUnitedStatesandmarketsharereductionsofU.S.companiesamidheightenedfearsthatU.S.Protectionistmeasuresagainstitstradepartnersmaybeontheriseduetoitssluggisheconomicrecovery.“Ithinkit’sverydifficulttomakeacorrelation(thatChina’ssubsidiescausewoesintheUnitedStates)forsuchastatement,”saidPanWeiping,aseniorconsultantfromGLGarradHassan,anindependentrenewableenergyconsultancyfirmbasedintheUK.Pa