Unit 1.单元知识点讲解高一英语讲义（上教版必修二）

Unit1Nolimits【重点词汇】1.blame/bleɪm/1）vt.指责;把…归咎于Thecommissionisexpectedtoblamethearmyformanyoftheatrocities.该委员会预计会将大量暴行归咎于军队。2）n.责备Nothingcouldrelievemyterriblesenseofblame.没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。3)n.(事故、过失等的)责任I'mnotgoingtositaroundandtaketheblameforamistakehemade.我不会闲坐着，为他犯的错误承担责任。4).vt.责怪Idonotblamethemfortryingtomakesomemoney.我不怪他们想要挣些钱。【固定搭配】blamesbforsth.因…而责备某人sb.betoblameforsth.某人对…负责2.pressure/ˈprɛʃə/1).n压力Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot,andthepressurewasenoughtoopenit.她用脚踢门，其产生的压力足以把门打开。Thepressureofhisfingershadrelaxed.他手指的压力已经减弱了。2)vt对…施加压力Hewillneverpressureyoutogetmarried.他永远也不会给你施加压力让你结婚。3.impress/ɪmˈprɛs/1).vt使留下印象Itdidn'timpressmeasagoodplacetolive.那地方没有给我留下适合居住的印象。2)vt.使钦佩Whatimpressedhimmostwastheirspeed.最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。4.solution/səˈluːʃən/n.解决办法;谜底Althoughhehassoughttofindapeacefulsolution,heisfacingpressuretousegreatermilitaryforce.虽然他已设法寻找一个和平的解决办法，但他正面临着使用更大军事力量的压力。Weinvitedreaderswhocompletedthepuzzletosendintheirsolutions.我们邀请解完谜的读者交出谜底。5.independent/ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/adj.无关联的;相互独立的Yourquestionsshouldbeindependentofeachother.你们的问题应该是相互间毫无关联的。【固定搭配】beindependentofsth.【反义词】bedependentonsth.（注意形容词后面的介词搭配）6.adapt/əˈdæpt/1）.vt使适应Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobepreparedtoadapttothechange.这个世界将会不同，所以我们必须准备好适应变化。2）.vt改装Shelveswerebuilttoadaptthelibraryforuseasanoffice.做了个书架，以便将这个图书馆改作一个办公室用7.reveal/rɪˈviːl/v.揭示；显示；透露1)vt.透露;显示Shehasrefusedtorevealthewhereaboutsofherdaughter.她已拒绝透露她女儿的行踪。AsurveyoftheAmericandiethasrevealedthatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.一项有关美国人日常饮食的调查表明越来越多的人超重。2).vt使显露;揭露Intheprincipalroom,agreycarpetwasremovedtorevealtheoriginalpinefloor.在主房间里，一块灰色的地毯被挪开了，使原有的松木地板露了出来。8.responsible/rɪˈspɒnsəbəl/1).adj.负有责任的Hestillfeltresponsibleforherdeath.他依然觉得对她的死负有责任。2)adj.向…汇报的(通常和“to”进行搭配)I'mresponsibletomyboardofdirectors.我向我的董事会汇报。9.reliable/rɪˈlaɪəbəl/adj可靠的Shewasefficientandreliable.她既能干又可靠。10.extent/ɪkˈstɛnt/1).n程度Thegovernmentitselfhaslittleinformationontheextentofindustrialpollution.政府本身对工业污染的程度知之甚少。2).n.长度;广度;范围Industryrepresentativesmadeitclearthattheircommitmentwasonlytomaintaintheextentofforests,nottheirbiodiversity.业界代表们申明他们只承诺维持森林的规模而不是其生物多样性。【固定搭配】toalargeextent在很大程度上tosomeextent在某种程度上11.conductv.组织；安排；实施动词读作kənˈdʌkt。名词读作ˈkɒndʌkt。1).vt.组织并实施Idecidedtoconductanexperiment.我决定做一项实验。2).vt.指挥(交响乐、合唱等)Dennishadrecentlybegunasuccessfulcareerconductingopera.丹尼斯最近成功地开始了指挥歌剧的生涯。Solticontinuedtoconducthereandabroad.佐尔蒂继续在国内外指挥。3).vt传导(热、电)Waterconductsheatfasterthanair.水比空气导热快。4）vt.进行实施Alsoupfordiscussionwillbetheconductoffreeandfairelections.还需讨论的是公平自由的选举如何进行。5）n.进行实施Alsoupfordiscussionwillbetheconductoffreeandfairelections.还需讨论的是公平自由的选举如何进行。6).n.(某人在某情形中的)行为方式ForEuropeans,thelawisastatementofbasicprinciplesofcivilizedconduct.对欧洲人来说，该法律是对基本文明行为原则的表述。12.quitv.停止；戒掉quit/kwɪt/1)vt辞去(工作);辞职Hequithisjobasanofficeboy.他辞去了办公室勤杂员的工作。2).vt.停止Anicotinespraycanhelpsmokersquitthehabit.一种尼古丁喷剂可以帮助吸烟者戒烟。Quitactinglikeyoudidn'tknow.别装得像你不知道似的。Quitit!Thathurts!戒掉它吧！这东西害人！3).vt彻底离开Sciencefictionwritershavelongdreamedthathumansmightonedayquittheearthtocolonizeotherplanets.科幻小说作家们长期以来一直梦想着人类有一天可以离开地球移居到其它星球上。13.charity/ˈtʃærɪtɪ/n.慈善；赈济1)n.慈善机构anAIDScharity.一个艾滋病慈善机构。2)n.慈善Hemadesubstantialdonationstocharity.他做了大量的慈善捐赠。Goochwillberaisingmoneyforcharity.古奇将为慈善筹集款项。3)n.救济金;救济物Herhusbandisunemployedandthefamilydependsoncharity.她的丈夫失业了，全家靠救济度日。14.account/əˈkaʊnt/1)n.账户Somebanksmakeitdifficulttoopenanaccount.有些银行使开一个账户困难重重。2).n客户AllthreeInternetagenciesboastthey'vewonmajoraccounts.所有的三家网络代理公司都夸口说他们已赢得了大客户。3).n.账目Hekeptdetailedaccounts.他保存了详细的账目。15.preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/1).vt维护Wewilldoeverythingtopreservepeace.我们将竭尽全力维护和平。2).vt.保护Weneedtopreservetheforest.我们需要保护森林。preservationn.维护16.ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/1).adj雄心勃勃的Chrisissoambitious,sodeterminedtodoitall.克里斯是如此雄心勃勃，如此坚决地要把它做完。2).adj宏大的Theambitiousprojectwascompletedinonlyninemonths.这个宏大的项目在仅仅9个月之内就完成了。17.attempt/əˈtɛmpt/1)vt.试图(尤指做困难的事)TheonlytimethatweattemptedtodosomethinglikethatwasinthecityofPhiladelphia.我们惟一一次试图做那样的事是在费城。2).n企图adeliberateattempttodestabilizethedefence.蓄意削弱防御的企图。【固定搭配】attempttodosth.试图去做某事。18.contain/kənˈteɪn/1）.vt有…在里面TheenvelopecontainedaChristmascard.该信封里装有一张圣诞贺卡。Thefirsttwofloorsofthebuildingcontainretailspaceandarestaurant.该大楼最底下两层有零售空间和一家餐馆。2).vt含有Watermeloncontainsvitaminsandalsopotassium.西瓜含有维生素也有钾。3).vt控制;阻止Morethanahundredfiremenarestilltryingtocontainthefireattheplant.一百多名消防队员仍在努力控制工厂火势。【短语】1.belikelyto可能做；可能成为Thetensionbetweenthetwocountriesislikelytoremain.两国之间的紧张局面可能持续。2.dueto由于；因为Thecoastroadisclosedduetobadweather.由于天气恶劣，滨海公路暂时封闭。3.socialmedia社交媒体Socialmediahasbecomeaplatformforadvertisements.社交媒体已经成为做广告的一个平台。4.icesheet冰原；冰盖ThesatelliteUSESradartomeasureitsaltitudeabovetheicesheet.卫星用雷达测定卫星从冰层顶部算起的高度。5.apartfrom除……之外（都）Ilikeallsportsapartfromfootball.除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。【单元语法】省略:为了使语言简洁、避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接，人们常把某些词省略掉，这在英语中是普遍的。并且结构中的省略省略主语例如：Shewenttotheclinicand(she)sawadoctor.Hecanspeak,butcan’twrite,Russian.(HecanspeakRussian,butcan’twriteit.)Ahighpositionwasofferedtohim,but(it)wasdeclined.Tosomelifeispleasure,andtoothers(lifeis)suffering.(二)省略整个谓语或谓语的主要部分例如：EitherSallymustberesponsibleforthematterorwe’llbe(responsibleforthematter).DrWastonwillmeetsomevisitorsthismorningandPeter(willmeetsomevisitors)thisafternoon.Bill,andperhapsPhil,willdoit,too.(Billwilldoit,andperhapsPhiwilldoit,too.)Albertneedn’tsay,butGeorgemust(stay).Smithwill(teachmodernessay),andBrownmight,teachmodernessay.Smithwillteachmodernessay,andBrownmight(teachmodernessay),too.Thetextwillhavebeencarefullycollatedandthemistkaes(willhavebeen)correctedbytheendofthemonth.(三)省略宾语及宾语连同前面的及物动词一起省略例如：Edisoninvented(thelightbulb),themanufacturesproduced(thelightbulb),andtheinhabitantsused,thelightbulb.Laurais(teachingmusic),hermotherhasbeen(teachingmusic),andhersistermightalsobe,teachingmusic.(四)省略表语例如：They’remoreafraidofyouthanyouareofthem.Nigelis(anofficerinthenavy),andhissonwillalsobe,anofficeinthenavy.Georgewas(interestedintheperformance),butJimpretendedtobe,interestedintheperformance.(五)省略状语例如：MrOliverteaches(inCambridge),andhissonstudies,inCambridge.ThefatherspeaksbutthesononlydresseslikeanEnglishman.=Thefatherspeaks,butthesononlydresses,likeanEnglish.(六)省略冠词例如：Boththeoldand(the)youngtookpartinthesingingcompetition.Isthebabyaboyor(a)girl?(七)省略介词例如：Youmaygobylandor(by)water.Itisamatteroflifeand(of)death.(八)省略名词例如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheisfor(theplan)oragainsttheplan.Itisthelistener’s(will)ratherthanthespeaker’swillthatisquestioned.注意：指示代词this,that,these,those为限定词时，并且名词的省略。this(book)andthatbookthistimeandthat(time)these(chairs)andthosechairsthesebooksandthose(books)状语从句中的省略如果状语从句的主语和主语一致，而且状语从句谓语中有be动词，可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有：when,while,though,if,unless,although等。其结构式为：连词+现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/名词/代词/副词/形容词/从句+主句例如：Jacobstaredintomyeyeswhilehewhispered,asiftocommunicatesomethingbesidesthewordshespoke.While(hewas)doingso,hetrembledalittle.When(itis)takenaccordingtotheinstructions,thedrughasnosideeffects.HecameacrossthepicturewhileanavisittoNewYork.Hecouldwritepoemswhenyetachild.Don’tdoittilltoolate.HeisbetterthanwhenIlastsawhim.Iknowyoubetterthanher.Hehurriedlylefttheroomasthough(hewas)veryangry.注意：1）在ifitispossible或whenitisnecessary等类似结构中，itis常可省略。If(itis)possible,we’llbuildanotherrailroadinthisarea.We’llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhennecessary.Putacomma,whereneeded.注意2)有些状语从句似乎有词省略，却很难说出省略了哪些词，特别是一些谚语中，例如：Oncebitten,twiceshy.Morehaste,lessspeed.Outofsight,outofmind.比较结构中的省略比较结构通常是有些成分被省略，或是省略与主句相同的部分，或是省略在特定下上文或情景中某些不言而喻的部分。最高级比较结构中的省略或是在一定上下文中省略比较范围，或是省略最高级后的名词。例如：Whichdoyouthinkistheprettiest?Wholivesnearesttoschool?—Sixjuicyorange,please.—Theseareourjuiciest(oranges).—Iknowthatkind-theyaren’tsweet.—I’msorry,they’rethesweetest(oranges)we’vegot.(二)as…as和morethan1.省略全部谓语例如：Hehadthemostbeautifulsoul,morebeautifulthanhisbrilliantmindorhisincomparablefaceorhisgloriousbody.ClaraismoreambitiousthanI(me非正式文体).Thishouseisnotsoexpensiveastheotherone.2.省略部分谓语例如：Wasn’tanybodylaterthanwewere?JanewoulddoitmuchmorequicklythanIwould.3.省略主语和谓语的大部分例如：Thingsarenobetterthanbefore.TheroadsaremuchquieterherethaninLoondon.Heisbetterthan(hewas)whenIlastvisitedhim.4.下列比较分句中很难指明省略了什么。例如：Thismeatisbetterthanwhatwehadlastweek.或：Thismeatisbetterthanwehadlasteek.Thatismorethantheworkerscouldstand.It’sfarmoreimportantthanhowmuchitcosts.注意：在下列比较状语从句中可以说是省略了主语，也可以说是由as或than充当从句主语。例如：Idon’tthinkthisisanybetterthanwasordered.Hedrovefasterthanwaswise.Theystoodchattingtogetheraseasilyandnaturallyascouldbe.名词性从句和定语从句中的省略名词性从句中的省略在非正式文体中，连词that在主语从句和表语从句中可以省略；连词that引出从句位于句尾，而用it作形式主语放在句首时，that可以省略；若that引出同位语从句，则that不省略。例如：Itisapity(that)youmissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.Thatyoumissedthesportsmeetinglastweekisapity.Theonlyproblemis(that)youcan’teattrees!Ithink(that)itwillclearupthisafternoon.We’vejustheardawarningontheradiothatahurricaneislikelytocome.(二)定语从句中的省略在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词who,whom,which，that常常省略。例如：Thisisthefilm(that/which)IsawlastSaturday.Sheisthegirl(who/whom/that)theywerewalkingaboutattheparty.(三)关系副词that的省略在限制性定语从句中，that可以充当关系副词，在从句中作状语，修饰时间名词time,moment,day,year,地点名词place,方式名词way或原因名词reason等，可以省略。例如：Doyourememberthetime(that)/whenweallwenttoanightclub?Doyouknowthereasonwhy/(that)/forwhichhewaslate?Thisistheplace(that)theyswamacrosstheriver.Iliketheway(that)shedidit.动词不定式符号to的省略在表示感觉的动词如：feel,hear,see,watch,observe,listento,lookat,notic以及使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾补的不定式要省略to。但如果这些动词变为被动语态，to不省略。例如：Harrywatchedherflyawayforafewseconds.Ifeltthehouseshake.Haveyounoticedhercry?Hewasseentotakethemoney.在介词but,except后的不定式，如介词前面有实义动词do，介词后跟省略to的不定式，否则，要跟带to的不定式例如：Theydidnothingbutcomplain.Hedoeseverythinginthehouseexceptputthechildrentobed.Youhavenochoicebuttowait.当主语部分有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to.例如：Whatwecandois(to)continuetowait.Theonlythingyouhavetodois(to)pressthebutton.(四)在用and或or等连接不定式并且作用相同时，常省略后面不定式to.例如：Shestartedtoshoutandcry.I’dliketoliedownandgotosleep.Iwishedtofinishmybusinessandgetaway.SheaskedyoutotelephoneorwiretoheronMonday.不定式符号的单独使用为了避免重复前面已经出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号代替不定式结构，省略后面的部分。这种情况主要用于口语中。to代替不定式作宾语，常同beafraid,care,expect,forget,hate,hope,intend,mean,need,like,plan,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等词连用。例如：Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto(seethefilm).Wesuggestedthatshereconsiderthematter,butsherefusedto(reconsiderthematter).Iwouldmendyourradio,butIdon’tknowhowto(mendit).to代替不定式作宾语补足语(有时to也可以省略)例如：WeshouldlikeJanetogetagooddegreebutwedon’treallyexpectherto(getit)IfIdon’thappentoremembertoringupMrSmith,wouldyouremindmeto?—MayIgooutthisevening?—Yes,I’llallowyou(to).如果不定式是tobe,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,就不能只用不定式符号“to”来替代被省略的动词及动词后的部分，而要用tobe,tohave,tohavebeen。例如：Weretheyinformedofthedelayoftheshipment?—No,buttheyoughttohavebeen.Aren’tyoudirector?—No,andIdon’twanttobe!Hasn’thefinishedthework?—No,butheoughttohave.用替代词的省略在某些情况下，当我们省略掉某个词、词组或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do(does),so,not,neither,nor,doso,dothat,doit,oneones,thesame等。do可用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。例如：ShespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanyoudo.(=speakEnglish)ShespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanherbrotherdoes.(speakEnglish)Didyouseethefilm?Yes,Idid.(=sawthefilm)NelsonhopedthattheywouldalldotheirdutytothecountryasEnglishmenshoulddo.(=shoulddotheirdutytothecountry)so和not的替代so可以代替单词、词组和句子，作call,expect,hope,do,fear,imagine,suppose,speak,say,tell,think,believe,beafraid,see,notice等的宾语；not代替否定的句子，用法与so相似，并可放在perhaps,probably,absolutely等副词后。这种用法也可与if连用。例如：Hemustbeaworker.Iimagineso.(=thatheisaworker)Shehasnotangryatfirst,butbecamesoafterawhile.(=angry)Hasshefinishedreadingthebook?Ihopeso.(=thatshehasfinishedreadingthebook)HeisagreatfriendofmineandIhopehewillalwaysreamainso.(=agreatfriendofmine)Ishethebeststudentintheclass?—Ithinkso.(=thatheis…)Ithinknot.(=thatheisnot…Idon’tthinkheis…Perhapsnot.)Theywillreturnattheweekend.Iamafraidnot.(=thathewillnotreturnattheweekend)Pleasecomeifyoucan.Ifnot(=Ifyoucan’tcome),callmeup.—Iwasilllastweek.—Ifso,whydidn’tyoutellme.doso,dothat和doit的替代doso可以替代动词加宾语，也可以替代动词加状语，so可以用it或that所取代，it指具体事物，that表示较重的口气。例如：Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidn’tdoso.(gowithme)Justfinishoffwateringtheflowers.Andletmeknowwhenyou’vedoneso.(=finishedoffwateringtheflowers)Henryisgoingtomaketheexperimentandhewantedmetodoit,too.(=maketheexperiment)TheyplayedcardsaftersupperandIwatchedthemdothat.(playcards).(四)one和that作替代词的区别one替代人和物，that只能代替物;one只能替代可数名词，that可替代可数名词和不可数名词；one可以前有置或后置定语，that只能有后置定语；one(不加定义)表示泛指，that表示特指。例如：Ihaveabrother,oneinthearmy.Lookatthepicture,thatonthewall.Thenovelisaninterestingastheone(或that)Ireadlastyear.TheweatherhereiscolderthanthatinBeijing.Thisisaredpen,andIhavethreeotherblueones.Themusicisassweetasthatweheardyesterday.ApoemwrittenbyanAmericanpoetisusuallyhardertounderstandthanonebyaChinesepoet.不用替代词的省略主语及主语和部分谓语的省略例如：(It)Soundsfunny.(He)Whobreakspays.(Itis)Verykindofyoutohelpme.(I’m)Sorry,thelineisbusy.(I’ve)Gotit.(二)助动词的省略例如：（Do）Youunderstand?(Have)Childrendonetheirhomework?(三)Therebe的省略例如：（There’s）Nothingwrongwiththemachine.(Isthere)AnythingIcandoforyou?(四)祈使句和感叹句中的省略，祈使句通常省略主语you例如：Closethewindow!Don’tbeafraid!Youreadthetext!Whatawideriver(itis)!(五)在某些虚拟语气中可以省略should例如：Heorderedthatthesoldiers(should)putoutthelightsimmediately.Itisimportantthatwe(should)studyscienceandtechnology.（六）介词在某些词组中的省略*bebusy(in)doing忙于做occupyoneself(in)doing从事于…employoneself(in)doing从事于pass(in)doing花…做…haveahardtime(in)doing做…很难prevent…(from)doing阻止…做havedifficulty(in)doing做…有困难spend…(in)doing花…做…havefun(in)doing做…开心stop…(from)doing阻止…做havetrouble(in)doing做…有麻烦take…(in)doing带…去做…losenotime(in)doing不失时机做waste…(in)doing做…浪费【语法练习】1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced

2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned

3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee

4.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.

A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken

5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.

A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited

6.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

7.Though________money,hisparentsman-agedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin

8.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun

9.—You'realwaysworking.Come