专题17 阅读理解（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）

专题17阅读理解目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰学考要求 1基础知识梳理 1考点精讲讲练 2考点一：细节理解题 2考点二：推理判断题 3考点三：词义猜测题 4考点四：主旨大意题 5实战能力训练 111.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构2.明确命题规律和提问方式3.掌握不同题型的解题方法（一）整体理解题型多样且关联紧密：阅读理解包含细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题等多种题型，它们从不同角度考查考生对语篇的理解能力，且各题型之间存在一定关联，比如准确理解细节有助于把握文章主旨，而主旨大意又能为推理判断等提供方向。能力综合要求高：不仅需要考生具备词汇、语法等基础知识，还要求能运用各种阅读技巧，如略读、寻读，准确把握语篇结构、命题规律，根据不同题型特点灵活运用相应解题方法，同时要善于进行语义转换和逻辑推理。（二）重点关注方向信息精准定位与比对：对于细节理解题，无论是直接信息题还是间接信息题，关键在于能依据题干准确提取关键词，快速在文中定位相关信息，并仔细比对选项与原文细节，注意同义替换、信息归纳等正确选项特征以及张冠李戴、无中生有等干扰选项特征。推理判断依据：推理判断题要严格依据阅读材料所提供信息进行推断，关注作者的用词、语气以及文章的主旨，区分不同类型的推理判断题（如细节推理、观点态度推理、写作意图推理），明确各类型的解题要点和常见命题方式。词义猜测技巧运用：掌握多种词义猜测技巧，如根据定义或上下文解释、同位关系、构词法、因果关系、指代关系、同义或近义关系、转折或对比关系等进行合理推测，同时要结合文章语境准确判断词义。主旨大意提炼：针对主旨大意题的不同类型（标题归纳题、文章大意题、段落大意题），要理解标题特点，掌握确定文章标题的方法，学会通过找主题句（利用转折词、首段疑问句、重复观点等小窍门）或归纳段落逻辑结构等方式来提炼文章及段落的主旨大意。（一）细节理解题题型特点：设问方式多样：包括特殊疑问句形式（以when,where,what等疑问词引出）、判断是非形式（含TRUE/FALSE等）、以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式以及填空形式。正确选项特征：同义替换（关键词、词性、语态等变换）、信息归纳、正话反说、原文原词。同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成ofimportance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。原文原词利用原文原词作为正确选项。干扰选项特征：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半。张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容。曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。正误参半部分正确，部分错误。解题方法：直接信息题：采用“关键词定位法”，先从题干中提取名词、动词、数词等关键词，然后运用略读及寻读技巧在文中定位相关信息，最后比对选项与原文细节确定答案。1.依据题干信息，择定位关键词细节理解直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查,且题目相对简单,所以,不必通篇细读全文,可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词,即问题的核心信息2.依据关键词,回原文定位信息进行比对确定了定位关键词后,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题于有关的关键词,回到原文进行信息定位,然后将选项内容与原文信息比对,得出正确答案。间接信息题：命题隐蔽性强，需将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义转换、加工或整理，再比对选项确定答案。相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。概括、归纳信息题：依据题干找到文中相应信息区间，用自己的语言归纳总结文中信息，然后挑选与归纳内容最接近的选项作为答案。是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。（二）推理判断题题型分类及特点：细节推理判断题：要求根据语篇内容推断具体细节，常借助短文提供信息或生活常识进行推理，注意题干中常用的如infer、indicate等动词。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.观点、态度推理判断题：文章的观点或结论推理判断题：推测文中某一观点需把握全文中心思想，因为次要观点支撑主要论点。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：·Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?·Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?·Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.作者态度、语气推理判断题：通过作者措词、感情色彩判断，常见褒义词、贬义词、中性词等表述。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：·Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.·Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.·Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas________.写作意图推理判断题：揣测作者写作意图及运用写作手法的目的，要求考生理解文章大意并能归纳总结、分析作者阐述问题的方法。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：Themainpurposeofthistextis________.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismainlywrittenfor________.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.Theauthorinthispassageintendsto________.解题要点：严格按阅读材料信息推断，避免掺杂个人经验等；注意选项是否为材料简单重复而非推断结论；关注文中虚拟语气和情态动词；客观对待作者叙述事实，避免主观推断；甄别细节是否与原文相符。（三）词义猜测题考查内容：对单词、短语或句子意义的推断，包括生词、熟词新义以及替代词所替代内容的判断，需根据短文语境推测。猜词技巧：根据定义或上下文解释猜测：利用逗号、破折号、括号等后的解释判断词义。根据同位关系猜测：通过紧跟难词后的同位语解释来猜测词义。根据构词法猜测：依据前缀、后缀、派生等构词知识推测词义。根据因果关系猜测：根据原因预测结果或由结果找出原因来确定词义。根据上下文的指代关系猜测：明确文章中代词指代的人或物，有时需总结前文内容得出指代对象。根据同义或近义关系猜测：利用同句、同段或同篇文章中意思相同或相近的词来猜测词义。根据转折或对比关系猜测：依据上下句连接词（如but、however等）判断逻辑关系，从而确定词义。（四）主旨大意题题型分类及设问方式：标题归纳题：常见设问如“Thebesttitleofthepassageis...”等，要求选出能准确概括文章主旨且具概括性、针对性、醒目性的标题。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.文章大意题：常见设问如“What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?”等，需通过找主题句（利用转折词、首段疑问句、重复观点等方法）或归纳段落中心思想来确定文章整体中心思想。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?段落大意题：常见设问如“WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?”等，可通过概括段落逻辑结构（总分、分总、分总分等）或揣摩作者暗示来归纳段落大意。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?解题要点：理解标题特点，掌握确定文章标题的正面肯定法、反面否定法、研读备选项本身等方法；学会运用浏览法快速找到主题句；准确概括段落逻辑结构以归纳段落大意。例题精练，举一反三（一）细节理解题示例ATheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.Q.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbestknownstadiumarecontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.•Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea.Capacity.150,000.Opened.May1,1989.•MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened.October1,1927.•BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.•OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.•KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944. B.107,601. C.About150,000. D.About250,000.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.BOfthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.…24．Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A．Theycontainprotein.B．TheyarehighinvitaminA.C．Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D．Theyarerichinantioxidants.CAtpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.（二）推理判断题示例DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.…32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment­friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.EWe'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.…32．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.F[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.[4]Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft­serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.（三）词义猜测题示例GSoonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.HIamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider B．deliverymanC．collector D．medicaldoctorI[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.（四）主旨大意题示例JGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight­partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLessKLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter­gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion­mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.LTerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23­gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.…28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition. B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars. D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.记叙文部分（A-E）A（2024高二下·湖南·学业考试）14-year-oldLeanneFanfromSanDiego,California,wasnamedthegrandprizewinnerofthe20223MYoungScientistChallenge,thenation’stopmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.LeanneFandevelopedtheFinsenHeadphones,alow-costheadphonedevicethatusesmachinelearningandbluelighttherapy(疗法)todetectandtreatmid-earinfections(感染)inchildren—potentiallypreventingupto60%ofhearinglossinchildren.Theworldsees700millioncasesofmid-earinfectionseveryyear.Fanhopesthatthiscanbeaneffectiveandlow-costtreatmentoptionforthethousandswhoareaffected.FanwasinspiredtocreatetheheadphonesthreeyearsagowhilelearningaboutNielsFinsen,whowontheNobelPrizein1903afterinventinglighttherapytotreatbacterial(细菌的)infections.“Ithought,‘Thisisanamazingidea,andIcanapplyittosomethingelseinmydailylife,’”Fansaid.Fantookhomethetopprize,earningthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”and$25,000.Sheisplanningtousesomeoftheprizemoneytostartthepatentprocessfortheheadphones.FanisoptimisticthattheFinsenHeadphoneswillbeabletohelppeopleinthenearfuture.“Beingpartofthe3MYoungScientistChallengewasabsolutelythebestpartofmyyear,”Fansaid.“Icouldmeetscientiststhataremyageandgoingfortheirdreamstoo,andmadesomefriends.”Shehopestoinspireothergirlswhowanttobecomeinventors.“Evenasmallideacangofar,”shesaid.“Ihadanideatousebluelighttokillbacteriaandthreeyearslater,I’mhere.”1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thecostoftheheadphonedevice. B．Theprocessofbluelighttherapy.C．Thedescriptionoftheheadphones. D．Thecasesofmid-earinfections.2．WhatinspiredLeanneFantocreatetheheadphones?A．Herowndailylife.B．HerdesirefortheNobelPrize.C．Thefactsofbacterialinfections.D．NielsFinsen’sinventionoflighttherapy.3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFan?A．Outgoing. B．Patient. C．Creative. D．Hardworking.4．WhatcanwelearnfromFan’sstory?A．Evenasmallideacangofar. B．Manyhandsmakelightwork.B（2024高二下·湖北·学业考试）Everydayforthelastthreeyears,millionaire(百万富翁)ZhongCongronghaspickeduprubbishinhisneighborhoodandspreadtheenvironmentalawarenesstotheresidentsofChongqing.Infact,theChongqingbusinessman’santi-litteringcampaignwasinspiredbyafamilytriptoHainanduringChineseNewYearin2015.There,hemetaretiredprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversitywhohadbeenpickinguprubbishalongthebeachforfouryears.Zhongstartedcopyingthepracticearoundhishomethedayafterhereturnedfromvacation.Zhongencourageshisemployees—whoarelikelytobegiven10-yuanfinesiftheylitteratwork—tojoinhiscampaign,too.Butheknowsthattheproblemcan’tbesolvedquickly,andthatbroadermeasuresmustbecarriedouttoachievelong-termsuccess.Atfirst,Zhong’swifeandchildrenfeltembarrassedbyhisbehavior.Forawhile,theyevenrefusedtowalknexttohiminpublic.Later,however,theirattitudeschanged,astheyrealizedthattheirneighborhoodwasindeedbecomingcleaner,andZhongwasbeingpraisedbytheirneighbors.Now,Zhong’swifehasbecomeananti-litteringcampaignerherself.“Theenvironmentremainsdirtynomatterhowmanyrubbishcollectorsthereare,”Zhongsaid.“Theonlysolutionistoremindpeopleoftheresultsoflitteringandhopethatitmightchangetheirbehavior.”5．WhatmadeZhongCongrongdecidetopickuprubbish?A．AtriptoHainan. B．Abusinessmeeting. C．Aprofessor’slecture.6．WhatdoesZhongdoifhisemployeeslitteratwork?A．Shoutatthem. B．Firethematonce. C．Punishthem.7．WhatwasZhong’swife’sattitudetohisbehavioratfirst?A．Angry. B．Joyful. C．Ashamed.8．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ZhongCongrongandHisBigDreamB．AMillionaireWhoPicksUpRubbishC．AMillionaireandHisEnvironmentalGroupsC（2023高一下·吉林·学业考试）Inafewminutes,schoolwastostart.Mysix-year-oldson,Dustin,wascrying.“Idon’twanttogo,”hesaid.Eversincehe’denteredfirstgrade,hehadhatedschool.“What’sgoingon?Ifhehatesschoolthismuchnow,howbadwillitbelateron?”Iwondered.Everykidsometimesdislikesschoolsomuchthatfivetotenpercentofthemdon’twanttoattend.“Ifachildseemsworriedoranxiousaboutschool,pretendsillnesstostayhome,orwon’ttalkaboutthingsoftheschoolday,youshouldbeconcerned(关心),”saysaschoolpsychologist(心理学家),MichaelMartin.Luckily,youcanusuallysolvetheproblemsometimesveryeasily.Inourcase,myhusbandandIvisitedDustin’sclassandnoticedthattheteacher,justoutofcollege,calledonlyonkidswhosatrightunderhernose,Dustin,whooftensatneartheback,wasignored(忽视).Wesimplytoldhimtomovetothefront.Hedid,andhewashappyagain.9．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhersondidn’twanttogotoschool?A．Shefelthappy. B．Shefeltworried.C．Shefeltnothingimportant. D．Shefelthopeful.10．Whichofthefollowingshowsthatachildlikesgoingtoschool?A．Hehatestotalkaboutschool. B．Hepretendstobeillatschooltime.C．Heenjoysgoingtoschoolevenifheissick. D．Hefeelsanxiouswhengoingtoschooleveryday.11．What’sthereasonwhyDustindislikesgoingtoschool?A．Hefeelsignoredinclass. B．Heisafraidofhisteacher.C．Heislaughedatbyhisclassmates. D．Hecan’tanswertheteacher’squestions.D（2024高二下·湖南娄底·学业考试）Agassiwasveryemotionalattheendofhisfinalgame.OnSeptember3,theAmericantennisplayersaidatearfulgoodbyetohis21-yearcareerafterathird-rounddefeatintheUSOpen.The36-year-oldtriedhisbest,butwasunabletokeepupwithGermanBenjaminBecker,morethantenyearshisjunior."ThescoreboardsaidIlosttoday,butwhatthescoreboarddoesn'tsayiswhatI'vefound,"Agassisaidtothefans."Ihavefoundinspirationandyouwilledmetosucceed."Itwasanemotionalspeechattheendofalongcareer.Agassihatedtennisasateenagerasmuchashelovesitnow.Hisfathermadehimplaywhenhewasachild.Hegotbored,andbecamearebel（叛逆者）.Thestricttrainingthathisfatherpusheduponhimgotinthewayofhiswildlifestyle.Askedwhathewouldsaytohis17-year-oldself,Agassianswered,"Iwouldsay,IunderstandyoualotmorethanIwanttobeyou."TheturningpointinAgassi'scareercamein1992whenheunexpectedlywonhisfirstGrandSlamatWimbledon.ItwasthefirsttimeAgassiunderstoodwhatrealchampionsfinallyunderstand:winningisatestofnervesandnotjustpower;it'samarathon,notasprint（短跑）.Agassiwasabouttobeginamarathon.Hecuthislonghair,gotfitterandtightenedupemotionally.Onthecourt,hewasrankedNo.1foralmosttwoyears.Hislowestpointcamein1997whenhisrankingdroppedtoNo.141.Hedidn'tquitthough."IknewthatIwouldtrytogetthemostoutofmyselfeverydayfromthatdayforward.Thatwasmypromise,"hesaid."Thatneverstopped."12．WhywasAgassiveryemotionalwhensayinggoodbyetohiscareer?A．Becausehelosttoanolderplayer.B．Becausethiscareerhasbroughthimsomuch.C．Becausehefeltsadforthebestplayer.D．Becausehefeltsorryforhislifestyle.13．Fromhisspeech,wecanseethat______.A．hewasthankfultohisfans B．herefusedtoacceptfailureC．hewishedhehadn'thatedtennis D．hedecidedtorunamarathon14．Throughwınning,Agassilearnedthat______.A．hedidn'ttryhisbestinhiscareer B．ittookalongtimeforanyonetowinC．peopleneedtonevergiveuptowin D．winningonceortwiceisnotenough15．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAgassi'sfather______.A．wasanexcellenttennisplayer B．wasgoodatraisingAgassiC．spentmostofhistimetraininghisson D．playedakeyroleinhistenniscareerE（2024高二下·安徽·学业考试）Whenyouarelittle,thewholeworldfeelslikeabigplayground.IwaslivinginConyers,Georgiathesummeritallhappened.Iwasasecondgrader,butmybestfriendStephaniewasonlyinthefirstgrade.Bothofourparentswereatworkandmostofthetimetheyletusgoourownway.ItwasahotafternoonandwedecidedtohaveanadventureinStephanie’sbasement.AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.Irandownstairs,andspottedaredsteelcan.Itwaspaint.Ilookedbeyonditandtherelayevenmorepaintinbrightcolorslikepurple,orange,blueandgreen.“Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.”ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereontheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbigstripes(条纹)ofcolorsacrossthepavement.Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!Thesunwasstartingtosink.IsawacarinthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecarpulledslowlyintothedrivewayandfromthelookonmymother’sface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.Hereyesglaringsheshouted,“Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighbors’trees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!”Istoodthereglaringbackatherforaminute,angrybecauseshehadinsulted(侮辱)myart.“Nowgocleanitup!”MotherandIbegancleaningtheroad.TearsrandownmycheeksasIsawmybeautifulrainbowturnintoblackcement.Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsomesortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.16．Whatdidthewriterdowithhisfriendinthatafternoon?A．Theycountedthetoysinthehouse.B．Theypaintedapictureontheroad.C．Theymadeaprojectintheroom.D．Theymovedthepaintstothebasement.17．Whatdidthewriterwanttodowhenhismothercamehome?A．Toshowhisartworktoher.B．TointroduceStephanietoher.C．Toputthematerialsbackintheyard.D．Topreventherfromseeinghispainting.18．Inthemother’seyes,whatwasthewriterlike?A．Hewasabornartist. B．Heworkedveryhard.C．Hewasaproblemsolver. D．H