(全国卷)高三英语二轮复习-一-阅读理解讲义

专题一阅读理解

习题；里_k

讲评W细节理解题增分点（一）——间接细节理解题

细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。间接细节理解

题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经

过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能从原文中直接找到答

案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。

地题感取看么考•怎么解

［典例］（2018•全国卷口阅读B节选）

Ofthemonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,

raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuch

protein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.Theyellowandorangestone

fruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.As

forcherries（樱桃），theyarcsodcliciojswhocares?However,theyarcrichinvitaminC.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehigjiinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

［解析］选c在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点,

从其中"Asforcherries（樱桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?”这句话可知，人们喜欢樱桃

是因为它们味道甜美°C项中的whaveapleasanttastew与文中的"aresodelicious"意义吻合。

［干扰项分析］A项是raspberries的特征；B项是对"yellowandorangestonefruits”的特

征的曲解；D项是blueberries（蓝莓）的特征°

［增分技巧］间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原

文基础上进行改造。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。

“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言（词汇

和结构）改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。

“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性，错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲

解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。

刷题集训院准度.提速度

训练目标（一）对点练攻克失分短板

A（2018•全国卷口阅读D节选）

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'

tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialmunication,

saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversity

Southeast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,“he

explains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatc

withthem.”

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.

D.Makingbusinessdeals.

解析：选B由该选段最后卡尔杜齐说的话可知，成功的闲聊的关键是学会怎样与他人

产生联系，而不只是与他人交流，文中的connectwith与B项的relateto的含义是一致的，表

示“与……联系”。

B（2017•全国卷II阅读B节选）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandthe

SundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodicin'twantmeforthefilm-it

wantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Iden'tknowhowmanypeople

wouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.

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24.Whywasthestudiounwillingto@vetheroletotheauthoratfirst?

A.PaulNewmanwantedit.

B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.

C.Hewasn'tfamousenough.

D.Thedirectorremendedsomeoneelse.

解析：选C根据选段中"Whenthestudiodidn*twantmeforthefilm—itwanted

somebodyaswellknownasPaul可知，工作室不想让"我"拍这部电影是因为想找一名与

保罗一样出名的演员出演。本题命题人在C项中对文中信息进行了同义替换，用famous替换

wellknowno

C（2017•全国卷山阅读B节选）

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthe

movieis30yearsold,mostofthe250scatswerefilledwithtcary-cycdaudiencewantingtosay

good-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemed

appropriate.ThemovieissetinasmaEtownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

25.WhywasTheLustPictureShowputon?

A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.

B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C.Theaudiencerequestedit.

D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

解析：选D根据选段中的"TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseit

seemedappropriate/可知，电影心srRcrure防ow讲述的内容和剧院的命运一样，剧院经

理EdBradford认为放映此部电景非常契合此时的情景。原文中的"appropriate”和D项的

“suitable”为同义词，都表示“合适的”，故答案为D。

D（2018・北京高考阅读A节选）

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igptthesame

medalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

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38.Howwastheauthor'sfirs：marathon?

A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

解析：选A根据选段可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一关奖牌，虽然不是第一

名，由此可归纳出“他成功地跑完了这次马拉松”。makeit意为“达到预定目标，获得成功”。

故选A。

训练目标（二）综合练——提高解题速度

（加黑的题目为细节理解题，加★的为间接细节理解题）

A

ParkwayCentralLibraryEvents

SummerThymeCooks

NowthroughWednesday,May10

SummerThymeCooksisaFREEcookingprogramforteensenteringgrades7—12.1nfour

weeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.Foodismeanttobeshared,

soeveryclassendswithafamily-stylemeal.Studcntsgohomeeachweekwithanewrecipeanda

grocerybagfilledwithhealthy,freshingredients（原料）sotheycancookwiththeirfamilies!

Questions?CallJamieat215-685-5323.

WctheDetectivesFamilyFun

Monday,May15

Thebestwayforyouthandfamiliestospotwhat'sinsideourdoor$istoattendourFamily

Event,takingplaceonMay15from10：30a.m.to12：30p.m.Thisannualtraditionisamuch-beloved

opportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.ThisyearfsFamilyEventwillfeature（以...为特色）

uniqueandinterestingbrunchfoods,andadetectiveston'timewithourlibrarians.

Cost:$50Adult；$25Child（ages3—16）;Freeforchildrenunder3.

Formoreinformation,pleasecali215-567-7710.

TheArtofics

Nowthrou^iSaturday,May20

215-686-5403

Anexhibitionofbooksshowsthehistoryofpictorialstoryrtelling.Theartofseveralpioneersin

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themediumisondisplay,includingworksbyHokusai,RodolpheTopffer,andWilhelmBusch.

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SundayLiteracyProgram

Sunday,May21

215-686-5369

Thisprogramoffersdrop-inassistancetostudentsstrugglingtoreadinthe1stthrough3rd

grades.Bothofthetwosessionswillincludethefollowingparts:ReadAloud,IndependentReading,

LiteracyGamesandWriting.

Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国一家图书馆的活动。

★1.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodoatthecookingprogram?

A.Sharefood.

B.Bringrecipes.

C.Cookwiththeirfamilies.

D.Learnbasiccookingskills.

解析：选D细节理解题。题干的关键信息为cookingprogram,根据第一项活动Summer

ThymeCooks中的Infourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsof

cooking."可知，参与该活动的人将会学习基本的京饪技巧。D项中的"basiccookingskills"

是对文中"fundamentalsofcooking*的同义替换。

2.Whencanyoulookaroundthelibrary?

A.OnMay10.B.OnMay15.

C.OnMay20.D.OnMay21.

解析：选B细节理解题。第二项活动中提到"Thisannualtraditionisamuch-beloved

opportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding/,由此活动的时间Monday,May15可知答案。

3.HowdoestheSundayLiteracyProgramdifferfromtheothers?

A.It'sfreeofcharge.B.It'sfamily-friendly.

C.Itrequiresregistration.D.Itisintendedforadults.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段"Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.”

可知，第一次参加SundayLiteracyProgram需要注册，而其他三项活动并未提及此点，故选C

项。

B

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It'sonlybeentwoweekssinceMontanaBrownbeganworkingattheAflacCancerCenterof

Atlanta,butshesaid,“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfbr.lt*ssocooltojustbeatthe

placewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthekids.”

Brownwasjusttwowhenshewasdiagnosed（诊断）withrhabdomyosara,araretypeof

cancer.Shereceivedtreatmentforayearandthenthediseasewascontrolled.

Butattheageoffifteen,shewasdiagnosedagainwiththesamecancerandhadtoreceive

treatmentforanotheryear.Shewasalsotoldthatshehadtostopdancing,oneofherhobbies.

Brownsaidsherememberedjusthowpassionate（有同情心的）thenurseswereduringthat

difficultdme.Soshedecidedtogivebackinthesamewaythenursesdidwithherwhenshewasinthe

hospital.

aAround10thor11tligrade,Istartedtliinkingaboutwhattomajorin,“Brownsaid."lknew

IwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhope

andinspiration.Thcmore1thoughtaboutit,thebetter1knewbeinganursewouldbethegreatestfield

forme."ShereceivedadegreeinnursingfromAugustaUniversitylastyear.

CarolineRooke,thenursemanagprattheAflacCancerCenter,said.uBrown'$experiencesmake

heraspecialpartoftheteam.Shewouldimprovethecareexperiencethatwecanofferourpatients.lt，

sherspecialwayofgivingback/"

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。MontanaBrown两岁的时候就被查出患有癌症，并在医

院接受了治疗。为了回报社会，她在大学学习护理专业，毕业后成为那家医院的一名护士。

★4.WhatdoesMontanaBrownthinkofherjob?

A.Amazing.B.Interesting.

C.Boring.D.Demanding.

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段Brown所说的话“ThejobismorethananythingI

couldaskfbr.lt'ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthe

kids.”可知，她认为回到这家医院工作是一件很酷的事情，她对此很满意，故正确答案为A。

A项"Amazing”与文中的"socool”为同义表达。

★5.WhydidMontanaBrownchoosetobeanurse?

A.Shebelievedthisfieldwassocool.

B.Shewantedtoinspiremorepatients.

C.Shehopedshecouldcureherillness.

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D.Sheintendedtogetsomeex^erience.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段的“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatI

wantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgjvethemhopeandinspiration.w可知，她之所以选择当

一名护士，是因为她想帮助更多的人，想用自己的故事给别人希望和鼓舞。B项中的“inspire”

与"inspiration"的意思是一致的。

6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrownsstory?

A.Nodifficultycanmakeuslosehope.

B.Itisimportanttochooseaproperjob.

C.Nothingcanpreventusachievingourgoals.

D.Anyonehastheabilitytogivebacktosociety.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段护士长的话“k's

herspecialwayofgivingback."可知，Brown在接受治疗期间从护士那里感受到了爱心与照顾，

这促使她毕业后选择成为一名护士，以此回报社会。她的故事告诉我们：每个人都有回报社

会的能力。

C

CourtneyHolmesoffershisyoungcustomersalittlesomethingextrawiththeirhaircuts.

“Hey,howareyoudoing?Whatgradeareyouin?What,syourfavoritebook?Yeah,Igotit/

Ifyouthougjityou'dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,youwoukln'tbetoofaroff.lnfact,

you'veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,theStorybookBarber.

Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offeringneedyfamilies

achancetolearnaboutfreeresourcesinthemunity.Holmesagreedtotakepartinit.Hewasholding

downtwojobsatthetime-onewiththecity'spublicworksdepartment,theotherasa

barber.Saturdaywashisbusiesthaircuttingday,buthechosetodevotehistimetounderprivileged（底

层的）kidssothey'dlooksharponthatfirstdayofclasses.Butthenhehadasuddenidea."Thekids

shouldearntheirfreehaircutbyhavingtoreadabooktome."Holmessaid.

TheideawassopopularthathecontinueditthefirstTuesdayofeverymonthforthenexttwo

years.5-to1O-year-oldkids,wouldholdafavoritebook,settleintothebarberchair,andreadaloud

whileHolmesgavethemahaircutlftheyhadanydifficulty,Holmeswastheretohelp.Afterthehaircut,

they,dreviewthebook,fromthecharactersandvocabulariestothethemes-justlikeinschool,only

morefun.Thesekidsareeagertolearn,“saidHolmes."Andtheyareabletoopentheirhearts

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there.

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Holmesadmitshe,too,benefitsfromtheactivity.wTherewasaseven-year-oldboywho

struggledthroughhisbook,stuttering（□吃）overwordseventhoughhedidn'thaveastutter,“said

Holmes.Hehadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice."Whenthechildcamebacknexttime,he

readitwithnoproblems.Thatinspiredme.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。热心人士CourtneyHolmes为学生提供免费理发服务的同

时，还为他们创造了读书的良好氛围。

★7.WhydidHolmestakepartinBacktoSchoolBash?

A.Tocammoremoney.

B.Tohelppoorkidslookgood.

C.Toreducetheparents'pressure.

D.Toworkinthelocalschools.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段的**buthechosetx>devotehistime...sothey,dlook

sharponthatfirstdayofclasscs，>可知，Holmes提供免费的理发，让孩子们在开学时显得精神

些。B项中的“lookgood"就是对"looksharp"的同义替换。

★8.HowoftendidHolmesprovidefreehaircutsduringthetwoyears?

A.EverySaturday.B.Everyweekend.

C.Onceamonth.D.Onceayear.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在两年的时间内，Holmes在每个月

的第一个星期二都会为孩子们提供免费服务，也就是每个月一次。C项是对“thefirstTuesday

ofeverymonth”的信息归纳。

9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHolmes'youngcustomers?

A.Theyaresmdentswithreadingproblems.

B.Theylearnmoreherethaninschool.

C.TheygetalongwellwithHolmes.

D.Therearemoreboysthangirls.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段的“*Thesekidsarceagertolearn,，saidHolmes.）

Andtheyareabletoopentheirheartsthere.'"可知，孩子们在理发店里能和Holmes敞开心扉，

说明他们与Holmes相处得很好。

10.WhatcanwebestdescribeHolmesas?

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A.Ahard-workingbarber.

B.Akind-heartedvolunteer.

C.Abusyandlovingparent.

D.Aresponsiblesocialworker.

解析：选B推理判断题。结合全文可知，Holmes两年的时间内定期为孩子们提供免费

理发服务，并与他们交流，辅导他们读书，是一位热心的志愿者。

D

（20181郑州第二次质量检测）Chinesemovietheatersareneverrunningshortofyouth

films.Youch｛《芳华》）,directedbyFengXiaogang,wasreleasedinDecember,2017andhitthe

screen.Butthisoneisdifferent:Itisdedicatedtotheyouthofourparents'generation.

Setinthe1970s,thestorybeginsinamilitaryarttroupe（演出团），in

whichthesoldiers'dutiesaretosing,danceandpromoteculture.HeXiaoping,

anewer,isatalenteddancer.Withapainfulchildhood,shewantstomakea

freshstartinthetroupe,yetherfamilybackgroundmakesherthelaughing

stock（笑柄）amongthegirls.TheonlypersonwhoisnicetoherisLiuFeng,a

kindandunselfishman.

Inmostyouthfilms,thecharacters,lifepathsareonlyinfluencedbytheirownchoices.However,

theyoungpeopleinYoutharealsoapartof“thewhirlwind（旋风）ofhistoricalchanges”,asfilm

criticJustinChangwroteintheLosAngelesTimeslnaperiodofmorethan30years,theyhaveto

experiencetheculturalrevolutionw（1966—1976）andtheSino-VietnameseWar,duringwhichLiu

FenglosesonearmandHeXiaopingsuffersfromamentalillness.Thedisbandment（解散）ofthe

troupealsotearsthemawayfromthelifeandpeopletheyaresofamiliarwith,throwingthemintoa

newlifetheyknownothingabout.

Theyallhavetolearn“tomakepeacewiththepastandmakethemostofthepresentw,wrote

GiovannaFulvionthewebsiteTIFF.

Butthere'sstillsomethingthatneverchangesaboutyouth.Nomatterwhattimeofhistoryitis,

peoplesharethesamelongingforloveandbeauty.Sunshine,laughterandswimmingpools-these

typicalimagesofyouthareallwellkeptinMr.Feng，snewfilm.

Accordingtoifeng.,Youthisactuallyanostalgic（怀旧的）andpersonalworkthatMr.Feng

dedicatestohisownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe.wWhenIlookbackintime,everythingelsein

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mylifeseemstobeblackandwhite>hesaid."Thedaysinthetroupearetheonlypartofmy

memorythatalwaysremainscolorful/

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语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冯小刚导演的《芳华》这部电影的背景、主

要人物和内容等。在不同的历史时期，青春是有共性的。

11.WhatinfluencedHeXiaoping*sandLiuFeng'slivesmost?

A.Historicalchanges.

B.Theirownpersonalities.

C.Theirfamilybackgrounds.

D.Theirlongingforloveandbeauty.

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“However,theyoungpeopleinYoutharc

alsoapartof'thewhirlwind（旋风）ofhistoricalchanges'”可知，历史的变化对《芳华》中的

何小萍和刘峰的生活的影响是最大的，故答案选A。

★12.WhydidFengXiaogangdirectthefilmYou此

A.Toshowthecrueltyofthewar.

B.Tourgepeopletovaluetheiryouth.

C.Torecallthedayswhenheworkedinatroupe.

D.Todescribethelifeduringthe**culturalrevolution”（1966—1976;.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句"Accordingto...Mr.Fcngdedicatestohis

ownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe/可知，冯小刚拍摄《芳华》这部电影，是为了纪念自

己曾经在剧团里工作的经历，故答案选C。C项是对文中信息的同义替换。

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheyouthindifferentgenerationsaccordingtothetext?

A.Theyalltreatsunshineandlaughterasthetypicalimagesofthemselves.

B.Inourparents'generation,theydon'tlovcbeautyduetohardlife.

C.Theylongfortotallydifferentthingsvaryingfromgenerationtogeneration.

D.Thoughtheyliveindifferenttimes,theystillhavesomethinginmon.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"Butthere'sstillsomethingthatneverchanges

aboutyouth/可知，关于青春，有的东西是永远不会改变的，也就是说，青春是有共性的，

故答案选D。

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习题；里一

讲评扉一.

细节理解题增分点（二）——概括细节理解题

助题感取看么考•怎么解

［典例］（2018•全国卷m阅读C节选）

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentagesJFieaskedtheworkersto

usetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalot

ofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodemandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang*sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeof

traditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,

thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

30.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

［解析］选D根据选段第一段第三句"Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits

mixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）和选段第二段第二句中的“Through

suchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecturew可知，传究与现代元素的和谐共

存是王满建筑设计成功的秘诀，故选D。

［干扰项分析］A项错在shapes,不是形状的混合，是现代和传统中国元素的混合；B项

错在EastandWest,是modernarchitecture和agoodknowledgeoftraditions的平衡；C项错在

popular,根据选文第一段第二句可知应是traditionalo

［增分技巧］概括细节理解题要求通过思维分析将原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归

纳概括，即要“综合事实定答案”。容易做错的原因是没有全面分析所涉及的相关信息，只

是单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能做出符合题干条件的选择。

⑴通过关键词定区间。就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速把题干中的关键词标记出来，

然后根据关键词回到原文当中定位相关的段落、语句。

⑵通过概括定选项。概括细节理解题可能涉及文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个

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位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。然后尝试用自己的语言去归豹文中的信息或事实,

然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。

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（3）兼用排除法解题。在遇到模棱两可、难以做出选择的答案时，也可采用排除法，将“无

此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

刷题集讥院准度.提速度

训练目标（一）对点练攻克失分短板

A（2018•北京高考阅读C节选）

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticever}'year.Almost

halfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场），andupto12milliontors

pollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewgreaterwaxmoth

studysu^estsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungn-worms.

ResearchersinSpainandEn讨andrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcan

breakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Thcteamleft100waxwormsona

mcrcialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92

milligrams,oralmost3%oficToconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthe

polyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（相状物）andapplieditto

plasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass-apparentlybrokendownby

enzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiolog）rin2017.

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheirev-rydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

解析：选C根据第一段中的"anewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsof

somehungryworms”以及第二段中的"ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthe

wormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...andthewormsconsumedandbroke

downabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.”概括可知大蜡螟幼虫能吃塑料，故选C。

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B（2018•浙江高考阅读B节选）

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthat

he'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbage

trucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsis

defendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintree

branchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收银

台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingthese

headwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomaketheca$ethattheirproductsare

notasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

24.VCTiathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

解析：选D根据第一段中的"isdefendinganindustry"和第二段中的"arehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarcnotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeople

assume”概括可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为

的那样对地球有害。故选D。

C（2017•北京高考阅读A节选）

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefbre.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthink

sheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.

“itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,“saysTaylor.

TaylorJsswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Oncgirlcalled911.Twomorerantoget

theschoolnurse,whobrou^itadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheartback

intowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.

ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesingebestchancefbrsurvivalishaving

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someonenearbystepinanddoCPRcuickly.

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57.WhydocsParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

解析：选C根据选文第一段中的"Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParis

andbegandoingCPR."以及选文第二段“在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了

(Paris'sheartbeatreturned.)w以及选文第三段中的wForasuddenheanfailure,thesinglebest

chanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”概括可知，Paris说她很

幸运是因为她得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。

D(20I7•江苏高考阅读B节选)

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistat

FlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswere

foundtorepeatonesoundoverandeveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whcntheeggswerehatched,

thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feed

me!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthe

red-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongl)ird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67

nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thcntheyidentifiedbeggingcallsby

analyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothers

andchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemore

frequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,

theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitated

theirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.

59.WhatareKleindorfer*sfindingsbasedon?

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A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B.Theobservationoffain,wrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.

解