专题18概要写作之记叙文-2021年高考英语题型大冲关

高考概要写作之记叙文高考概要写作之记叙文知识导图知识导图要要点精析（一）概要写作题型解读Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle.1、原文材料350词左右，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2、在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想的前提下用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点3、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。（二）概要写作的要点1.简要性（Conciseness）：Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.2.完整性（pleteness）：Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownwordsinacondensedmanner.3.准确性（Accuracy）：Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.4.连贯性（Coherence）：Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.5.客观性（Objectivity）：Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.（三）概要写作的步骤1.Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.快读原文，明确主题2.Analyzethetext’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)划分各段，找出要点3.Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutminordetails.抓重点，去枝节4.Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.归纳整理，转述大意5.Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.复读核对，检查错误（四）记叙文概要写作技巧记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。

1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。

叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。

写人的记叙文（Description）。

写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。（五）记叙文概要写作模板记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when,where,who,what,why,how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：记叙文：what/who/when/where/why/howWhodidwhatby…because…当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。（六）记叙文概要写作样文展示Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Discoveringalostbrother①KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrothernamedVincent.ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingabouthim,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.②ThatchangedinDecember2017,whenKieron’sadoptiveparentsgavehimanAncestryDNAtestasaChristmasgift.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾液)sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewasstunnedtofindhehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatitwaslabeled“closefamily.”HisnamewasVincentGhant.KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.“Thisisgoingtosoundsowild…butIthinkyou’remybrother,”KieronwroteonFacebook’sMessengerapp.“Iwasgivenupforadoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymotherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”③“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname?”wroteVincent,now30.④“IthinkitwasTyler.”⑤“OMGYES!!!Youaremybrother.”⑥“Wow,”wroteKieron.⑦“Thisiscrazy,”saidVincent.⑧Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother.Moresurprising,theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.⑨VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandrememberscaringforhisbabybrother.Buttimesweretough,andShawn,whoworked15plushoursadayasanurse,decidedthatplacingKieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed.⑩“Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime,tothepointwhereitwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened,”Vincentsays.⑾Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek.⑿OneofVincent’sconcernswasthatKieronmightresenthisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption.HewasrelievedKierondidn’t,andthathe’dgrownupinalovingfamily.⒀Sincethatfirstmeeting,thebrothershavebondedevenmore.TheyplayfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies.“We’llkeepgrowingourrelationshipuntilit’stimetoleavethisplanet,”saysVincent.Thatshouldn’tbehard.AsKieronsays,“We’vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon.”【解析指导】1.Mainidea 本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。2.Textstructure 全文可以划分为三个部分： ①⑧第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。 ⑨⑩第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。⑾⒀第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。3.Mindmap4.WritingprocedureStep1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。Step2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who/what/when/where/why/howwho：Kieronwhat:foundhisbrotherVincentwhen/why:文中划线处where:无需强调how:throughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebookStep3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。Step4：概括。SummarywritingKieron,givenupforadoptionreluctantlybyhismotherwhenhewasababy,foundhisbrotherVincentthroughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebook.Surprisingly,theylivedquiteclosetoeachotherandstudiedthesamesubjectsinthesameuniversity.Aftertheirfirstmeeting,thetwobrothersquicklybondedandwouldenhancetheirrelationshipintheyearstoe.(60words)课堂典例课堂典例SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheVoiceintheBox WhenIwasquiteyoung,myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesintheneighborhood.Irememberwellthepolishedwoodencasefastenedtothewallonthelowerstairlanding.Butmyfirstpersonalexperiencewiththisgenieinthereceivercameonedaywhilemymotherwasvisitinganeighbor.Amusingmyselfatthetoolbenchinthebasement,Ihurtmyfingerwithahammer.Thepainwasterrible,buttheredidn’tseemtobemuchusecrying,becausetherewasnoonehometooffersympathy.Iwalkedaroundthehouse,andfinallyarrivedatthestairway.Thetelephone!QuicklyIranforthefootstoolanddraggedittothelanding.Climbingup,Iunhookedthereceiverandheldittomyear.“InformationPlease,”Isaidintothemouthpiecejustabovemyhead.Aclickortwo,andasmall,clearvoicespokeintomyear,“Information.” “Ihurtmyfinger—”Icriedintothephone.Thetearscamereadilyenough,nowthatIhadanaudience. “Isn’tyourmotherhome?”camethequestion. “Nobody’shomebutme,”Isobbed. “Areyoubleeding?” “No,”Ireplied.“Ihititwiththehammerandithurts.” “Canyouopenyouricebox?”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Thenbreakoffalittlepieceofice,andholditonyourfinger.Thatwillstopthehurt.Becarefulwhenyouusetheicepick(冰锥),”shesaid.“Anddon’tcry.You’llbeallright.” Afterthat,IcalledInformationPleaseforeverything.Iaskedherforhelpwithmygeography,andshetoldmewherePhiladelphiawas,andtheOrinoco,theromanticriverthatIwasgoingtoexplorewhenIgrewup.Shehelpedmewithmyarithmetic,andshetoldmethatmypetchipmunk—Ihadcaughthimintheparkjustthedaybefore—wouldeatfruitandnuts.【写作指导】这是一篇记叙文，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。读懂全文，可知作者意在向读者介绍他小时候使用的轶事，由此可以判断出这是一篇记叙文。因此，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。参考例文如下所示：【参考范文1】 OnedayIhurtmyfingerwhenaloneathome.ItoccurredtomethatIcouldusethetelephonetocalltheoperator.Shegavemedetailedinstructionsandfortedme.Ilaterturnedtothemagicdeviceforhelpwithalmosteverything.【参考范文2】Theauthortellsusastoryaboutherexperienceofusingthetelephonetoaskforhelp.Oneday,shegotherfingerhurtbuttherewasnooneathometoturnto.Thenthetelephonecaughthereye,andshepickedupthereceiverandtalkedtotheoperator.Luckily,shewastoldhowtodealwiththeinjuredfinger.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowaterskiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激动)toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldn’tsayawordbutcriedinmyfather’sarms.【写作指导】根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：When—twoyearsagoWhere—atriptoabiglakeinIndonesiaWho—“I”,thewriterWhat—gotlost;wasfoundWhy—gowaterskiingalone;toothrilledResult—fathercametoherrescue列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：【参考范文】Thepassagetellsusthewriter’sexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatriptoalakewhereshewentwaterskiingalone.Shewassoexcitedandenjoyedherselfthatsoonshegotlost.Fortunately,herfatherfinallycametoherrescue.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.YesterdayMattwassick.IpickedupArchiefromthesitterandEloisefromschoolanddecidedtoruntoTargetforafewthings.Ihadhopedtobeinandoutquickly.Ifoundalinewithjustonepersonaheadofmeandbeganorganizingmyitemsontheconveyor.Afterplacingmyitems，Ilookeduptoseethatthepersonaheadofmewasanelderlywoman.Shewaspayingforheritemswithchangeandwantedtopurchaseeachseparately.Iwasfrustratedwiththiswomanandtheinconvenienceshehadplacedonme.ButthenIwatchedtheyoungemployeewiththiswoman.Iwatchedhimhelphercountherchange，eversosoftlytakingitfromhershakinghands.Whensheaskedifshehadenoughtobuyareusablebag，hetoldhershedidandwenttwolinesovertogetoneforherandthenrepackagedheritems.Neveroncewasthisemployeeangry.Hewasnothingbutpatientandkind.AsIwaswatchinghim，IsawthatEloisewastoo.Shewasstandingnexttothewoman，watchingtheemployeecountthechange.IrealizedIhadn’tbeeninconveniencedatall.Thatmydaughterwasinsteadwitnessingkindnessandpatienceandbeingtaughtthisvaluablelessonbyapletestranger.Whenthewomanwasfinished，theemployeebeganringingupmyitemsandthankedmeformypatience.Ithenthankedhimforteachinguspatienceandkindnessbyhistreatmentofthatelderlywoman.WhenhewasfinishedIpushedmycartthroughthestoretryingtofindthemanager.Iwantedhertoknowoftheemployee’skindnessandpatienceandhowmuchitmeanttome.Aftertrackingherdownandsharingthestorywithher，weleftTargetwithacartfullofconsumableitems，butwhatismore，aheartfullofgratitudeforsuchaninvaluablelesson.IfyouareeverintheGlendaleTarget，giveIshmaelasmileandanod.Theworldcouldusemorepeoplelikehim.【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。【参考范文】Thepassagetellsusanexperienceofshopping.(要点1)Oneday，theauthorwithtwochildrenwenttoTargetforshopping.(要点2)Whilewaitinginline,shefoundanoldladywastroublesome,buttheyoungemployeetreatedherpatiently.(要点3)Seeingthat,theauthorwastouchedbyhiskindnessandpatienceandshethoughtherchildrenwouldlearnalotfromthisexperience.(要点4)实战演练实战演练SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Lastyearmypanywasbroughtbyalargecorporationandmostofthemanagerslosttheirjobs.ThatwaswhenidecidedtodosomethingI’ dalwayswantedtodobeeafreelancewriter(自由作家）.Changingprofessionshasmeantthatmylifestylehaschangedinanumberofways.IworkaboutasmuchasIdidbeforebetween45and50hoursaweekbutmyscheduleismuchlessfixedthanitusedtobe.Before,Iworkedfrom8amto5pm,everyday,withafewextrahoursonweekends.Now,however,IworkwhenIfeellikeit.Forinstance,sometimesIworkuntilmidnightor2.am,thensleepuntilnoon.Ireallypreferthiskindofschedule.WhileIwasworkingasamanager,Ineverexercised.Ialreadyfelttiredafterwork,soIjustcamehomeintheeveningandwatchedTV.However,lastyearIjoinedahealthclubandbegantodoregularexercise.AsaresultIhavelostover10poundsandIfeelmuchbetter,I’vealsostartedtoeatmorehealthfully.Iusedtoeatalotoffastfood,butnowIdomyownshopping.Ibuylotsoffruitsandvegetablesandcookthemathome.Ofcourse,notallthechangeshavebeenthateasy.Forexample,Idon’tfeelassafefinanciallyasusedto.WhenIwasworkingasamanager.Ineverworriedmuchaboutmoney.Icouldalwayscountongettingmypaycheckeverytwoweeks.Workingfreelance,Idon’thavearegularpaycheck.SonowIhavetomakesurethatthere’senoughmoneyuntilthenextcheckarrives.【参考范文】Aftertheauthorquithispreviousjobandbecameafreelancewriter.Somechangeshislife.Theworkschedulebecamemoreflexible.Hehasalsodonemoreexerciseandatehealthy.Buthemightnotgetregularwages.Hefoundthatthepresentlifestyleissuitableforhim.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Onadamp,boring,stayinthehousekindofday,Iwasa4yearoldartistarmedwithanewtreasure:myownbigboxofcrayons（蜡笔）.Somehow,theusualpaperwasn’tspecialenoughforthese64perfect,sweetsmellingsticksofvividcolor.Ilookedaroundforabiggercanvas（画布）.Ifonlytherewerehiddenwalls.WallsliketheonesinMomandDad’scloset. Slippingquietlydownthehalltothebedroom,Istoodontiptoetoreachthestringfortheclosetlight.Wordsandimagesfilledmymindfasterthanmyhandscouldmakethem. Abrilliantrainbowwasseenononewall,withacheerygoldensunpeekingoutfromabove.Below,agiantshadetreesupportedaswingforstic