Unit 1 Food matters Extended reading单词讲解选择性必修第一册

X1U1ExtendedReading

EatinginChina词汇讲解+课文解析Grammar——ExtendedReading词汇讲解lowervt.

降低，减少；把…放低，使…降下

(opp)raise

adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的；较低的

(opp)upperloweroneself(bydoingsth)(通常用于否定句)降低自己的身份；自贬人格lowerone’svoice/pressure

压低嗓门/减轻压力e.g.Hehadtolowerhisheadtogetthroughthedoor.Thisdrugisusedtolowerbloodpressure.Iwouldn'tlowermyselfbyworkingforhim.Temperatureswillbelowerovertheweekend.Shebitherlowerlip.enhancevt.提高，增强enhancedadj.

提高了的,增强了的enhancementn.Thisisagoldenopportunitytoenhancethereputationofthecompany.这是提高公司声誉的绝佳机会。I

should

be

confident

and

enhance

my

ability

to

achieve

my

goal.

throwoneselfinto

投身于，热衷于boilvt.&vi.

用沸水煮；(使)沸腾fryvt.&vi.

油炸，油煎steakn.

牛排；肉排，肉块[U,C]throwaway

扔掉；浪费（金钱等）；错过（机会等）pann.

平锅，平底锅[C]impressvt.&vi.使钦佩，给...留下深刻印象；使意识到impressionn.印象，效果，影响impressiveadj.感人的，给人以深刻印象的，令人钦佩的impresssbwith/bysth用某物给某人留下深刻的印象Whatimpressedsbmostwas+n/从句

给某人印象最深的是…impresssthonsb

使某人意识到某事beimpressedwith/bysth对…有深刻的印象

give/leave/makeadeepimpressiononsb=leavesbadeepimpression给某人留下深刻印象e.g.WhenIwasabroad,whatimpressedmemostwastheculturaldifferences.Hispersonalityleftadeepimpressiononus.buffetn.自助餐[C]bayn.(海或湖的)湾[C]sceneryn.风景，景色；舞台布景[U]hold/keepsb/sthatbay

阻止；遏制scenicadj.风景的，景色优美的；舞台的区别：scenery指某一国家或地区总的自然景色或风景,集合名词view

多指从某处看到的风景或景色sight

指视线范围内的事物、景象或情景，用复数时多指用于观光的风景、名胜scene

指眼见的景色或场面，不限于自然风景，也可指戏剧、电影、小说等的场景betn.

打赌，赌注;预计，估计

v.

(用…)打赌；(与…)打赌(bet-bet-betting)makeabetwithsbonsth与…就…打赌place/putabetonsth

在…上下赌注betonsth在某事上打赌Youbet!

当然!一定!e.g.Haveyouevermadeabetwithfriendonanything?atmospheren.气氛，氛围[U,C]；大气[sing.]；气体；空气[C]anatmosphereofsth…的氛围upperatmosphere

上层大气workingatmosphere

工作环境e.g.Sheusedmusicandlightingtocreatearomanticatmosphere.outofthisworld

好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫e.g.ThepartywasoutofthisworldandIwasveryhappythewholeday.versionn.变体，变种；说法；版本[C]fillingn.

(糕点等的)馅[C,U]最新版本官方版本/说法officialversionthelatestversione.g.Thebookwastranslatedintomanyversionsandsoldallovertheworld.Thetwonewspapersgavedifferentversionsofwhathappened.elderlyadj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的[委婉用语]bakevt.&vi.烘烤；烤硬e.g.Theelderlyarewelltakencareofinoursociety.Hehandedtheelderlywomanacrossthestreet.bakern.面包师[C]

bakeryn.

面包(糕点)店[C]flourn.

面粉[U]adorableadj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的adorevt.

热爱，喜爱，爱慕adorationn.崇拜，爱慕adorablyadv.可爱地；值得崇拜地adoresb/sth/doingsth非常喜欢(做…)e.g.Therearesomanyadorableanimalsatazoo.mildadj.

不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的mildlyadv.

温和地；和善地

mildnessn.温和；暖和tiramisun.提拉米苏layern.层，表层；层次[C]cheesen.干酪，奶酪[U,C]bitteradj.苦味的;激烈的;令人难过的；严寒的bitterlyadj.痛苦地；愤恨地；极其bitternessn.

苦味；愤恨e.g.Therootsofeducationarebitter,butthefruitissweet.creamn.奶油，乳脂；护肤霜[U]ingredientn.

材料，成分；因素，要素[C]looseadj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的letsthloose释放；放任loosenvt.

释放;松开;放宽(loose可以作动词用)opp:tight疏松的土壤松动的牙齿loosesoilaloosetoothpeppern.甜椒；胡椒粉chilli(AmEchili)n.辣椒Sichuanpepper

花椒onionn.

洋葱，葱头springonion

小葱，香葱dampadj.潮湿的，湿气重的foggyadj.

有雾的，雾茫茫的dynastyn.朝，代；王朝dampenv.使潮湿；减弱，抑制;vi.潮湿；丧气(damp可以作动词用)e.g.Herhairwasstilldamp.fogn.雾，烟雾e.g.Tomorrowitwillbecold,cloudy,andfoggy.theQingDynasty清朝expandvt.&vi.

增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述expansionn.

扩大;扩张;

扩展

;膨胀expansive(ly)adj(adv).广阔的；辽阔的；广泛的expandon/uponsth

详述,充分叙述某事expandone’svocabulary扩大词汇量expandinto...

扩展到...，发展成为...e.g.TheHualianMallhasexpandedthebusinessbyopeningtwomorestores.

华联超市增开了两家商店以扩展业务。Chinawillfurtherexpandthescopeofitsopened-upareas.

中国要进一步扩大开放范围。multipleadj.

数量多的，多样的multiplyv.

乘，(使)相乘；(使)大量增加；(使)繁殖multi-多...的e.g.Thegovernmentperformedcompetentlyinthefaceofmultiplechallenges.政府在面临多重挑战时表现得很出色。multiplechoice多项选择multimediaadj.

多媒体的multiculturaladj.多元文化的saucen.

调味汁，酱plainadj.

朴素的，简单的；清楚的

n.平原[C]slicen.薄片，片；部分，份额

vt.

把…切成片；切开，割破Itisplain(tosb)that......(对于某人)是显而易见的beplaintosee显而易见(了解)(as)plainasday=(as)plainasthenoseonyourface一清二楚；一目了然；显而易见e.g.Hemadeitplainthatweshouldleave.

Theplainfactisthatnobodyreallyknows.asliceofbread一片面包chefn.

主厨，厨师propertyn.性质，特性[C]；所有物，财产[U]；不动产[U](形近词)chief

n.领袖，首领

adj.首要的，主要的intellectualproperty

知识产权；著作权personal/privateproperty

动产；私人财产e.g.Thisbuildingisgovernmentproperty.Thepriceofpropertyhasrisensharply.

appropriateadj.合适的

vt.拨出(款项等)供专用，私占，擅用inappropriateopp.不恰当的；不相称的appropriatelyadv.

恰当地;合适地beappropriatefor/tosth对…合适/相称Itisappropriatetodosth.

做某事是合适的。e.g.Herclotheswereappropriatetotheoccasion.estimatevt.估计，估价

n.估计；估计的成本underestimatevt.低估

overestimatevt.高估Itisestimated/Sbestimate(that)…据估计…estimatesthatsth/tobe…估计…为…makearoughestimateof

对…做个粗略的估计e.g.Itisestimated(that)theprojectwilllastfouryears.

I

estimate

thatthetotalcostfortreatmentwillbe$12500.Theyestimatethecosttorepairat$800.

Thedealisestimatedtobewortharound$1.5million.

consumevt.

吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）hitthespot使人满意，正合需要consumern.消费者，顾客，用户[C]consumptionn.消费；消耗量[U]time-consuming耗时的e.g.Hisoldcarconsumedmuchgasoline.Heconsumedallthemilkteasandsandwiches.onthespot当场；在现场atouristspot

旅游景点e.g.Havingacoldbeerreallyhitthespot.

喝一杯冰啤酒的确正合我意。Cantoneseadj.广东人（或文化）的，粤语的

n.(pl.Cantonese)

广东人；粤语dimsumn.

点心essentialadj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的essentiallyadv.本质上;根本上

essencen.本质，精髓Itisessentialforsbtodosth=Itisessential(that)sb(should)dosth

某人做某事是绝对必要的beessentialfor/tosth对…极为重要e.g.It'sessentialyou(should)maketherightdecisionsatthebeginning.

Experienceisessentialforthisjob.innovationn.创造，创新；新思想，新方法conceptn.概念，观念innovatorn.改革者，创新者innovatev.革新，创新

innovativeadj.革新的；富有革新精神的技术革新

technologicalinnovatione.g.Intheageofglobalcompetition,innovationisvital.conceptualadj.概念上的stimulatevt.

促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋appetiten.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望stimulationn.刺激，激励，兴奋作用stimulativeadj.

促进的；刺激的；激励的stimulateone’sinterest

激发某人的兴趣stimulatesbtodosth

激励某人做某事e.g.Lightstimulatesplantgrowth.haveanappetitefor对…的欲望haveagood/poorappetite胃口好/不好loseone’sappetite=havenoappetite

没胃口satisfyone’sappetite

满足某人的欲望developanappetitefor...

对...提起胃口e.g.Hehasanappetiteforreading.

他喜欢看书delicateadj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的emphasisn.(pl.emphases)强调，重视；重读delicatelyadv.微妙地；精致地delicacyn.微妙[U]e.g.Babieshaveverydelicateskin.婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。(了解)

delicatefingers纤细的手指adelicategift

精致的礼物adelicatevase

易碎的花瓶emphasiz(s)ev.强调，着重；重读（单词或短语）；使突出（或明显）put/lay/placeemphasisonsth=emphasizesth

强调/重视某事emphasisetheimportanceof...

强调...的重要性e.g.Heplacedgreatemphasisontheimportanceoffamilylife.steamvt.&vi.

蒸；散发蒸汽

n.

水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽gramn.

克cabbagen.甘蓝，卷心菜steamyadj.充满蒸汽的，热而潮湿的thesteamage蒸汽时代steampower蒸汽动力e.g.Theroomwasfilledwithsteam.Leavethevegetablestosteamoverthericeforthe20minutescookingtime.kilogramn.千克wrappern.（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸mixturen.

混合物；混合，结合wrapvt.包；裹；缠绕dumplingwrapper饺子皮mixv.混淆,弄乱;搅匀,拌合mixedadj.混合的mixAwithB/mixAandB(together)（使）混合，掺和e.g.Thecityisamixtureofoldandnewbuildings.

这座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。edgen.边，边缘；刀口;(微弱的)优势

ontheedgeof...

在...的边缘；某事快要发生thecuttingedge

最前沿的位置have/gainanedgeover/on...

略占优势；比…占优势e.g.Theybuiltthelibraryontheedgeofthetown.

他们在城镇的边缘建了图书馆。

Theyareontheedgeofthedanger.

他们正处在危险的边缘。Thecompanyisatthecuttingedgeofmobilecommunicationstechnology.

这家公司在移动通信技术方面处于领先地位。Theyhavetheedgeonus.

他们略胜我们一筹。apartadv.

成碎片；分开；相隔fallapart破碎，破裂；崩溃apartfrom除了...外(还)e.g.Hismarriagefellapart.

他的婚姻破裂了。Whatotherfooddoyoupreferapartfromhotpot?

除了火锅外，你还喜欢什么美食？课文解析HistoryofhotpotwhenwherewhyhowimprovementlateQingDynastyYangtzeRiverwhoforboatmenkeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwintersboilvegetables,chilliesandSichuanpeppersinwaterincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsaucesListentotherecordingofthe2ndentryandlistthefeaturesofNanjingsaltedduck.FeaturesofNanjingsaltedduckAppearance

Tasteplaininthin,whiteslicesjuicyandsaltyProcess

salting;drying;boiling;cooling

7March,SichuanhotpotThemouth-wateringhotpotsofSichuanareasfamousoverseasastheyareinChina,andthehotflavourisenoughtoheatupacoldmidwintereveningortoletlooseriversofsweatonasummerafternoon.Adj.令人馋涎欲滴的使变热释放；放任as+adj./adv.+as与……一样heatn.高温；压力；暖气v.加热，使变暖looseadj.松动的；零散的v.释放，发泄；松开Igaveitmyfirsttrylastnight,togetherwithafewlocalfriends.Asthesoupbubbledslowlyoveragasburnerinthemiddleofthetable,itssurfacewascoveredwithabeautifullayerofchillies,Sichuanpeppers,springonionsandredoil.v.冒泡，沸腾煤气炉n.铺设物giveitatry试一试bubblen.气泡，泡沫；气泡框v.bubble(over)withsth洋溢着（情感）Shewasbubblingoverwithexcitement.burner:燃烧器burnv.燃烧；灼伤/n.烧伤，伤疤Slowlyatfirst,andthenfasterandfaster,wetippedplatesoffreshmeat,fishandvegetablesintothepot.Thehotflavourquickenedourlaughterandconversation,makingthemealtheperfectwaytorelaxwithfriends.v.（使）倾斜v.使更活跃结果状语tipv.给小费；轻碰n.小费；建议，小窍门quicken/shtrengthen/lengthen…–en为动词后缀；变得，使成为Sichuanhotpotsareperfectforthedamp,foggyclimateinwhichtheywereinvented.TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.潮湿的，多雾的进行起来潮湿的介词+which引导定语从句damp=slightlywetfoggy——fog——mist——smogwetadj.湿的；下雨的；尿湿的n.雨v.把…弄湿主语+be+believed+动词不定式：…被认为…Chinesefoodisbelievedtobethebestdish作后置定语，修饰wayExtendsb./sth.bebelieved/reported/said/known/claimed/expected/thought/rumored（传闻）/whisperedtodo/tohavedone另外还有常用句型：Itisbelieved/reported/said/known/claimed/expected/thought/rumored/whisperedthat...matching1.A

health

care

project

is

reported

_______

treatment

at

half

the

cost

or

less

next

year,

depending

on

the

needs

of

the

patient.

2.

The

teaching

building

is

said

________

last

year.

3.Any

student,

who

is

thought

_______

the

rules,

for

example,

by

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has

to

appear

ina

student

court

.

4.Russia's

winter

____

so

warm

that

a

bear

in

the

zoo

has

awakened

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her

hibernation

two

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earlier.

A.

is

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C.

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DACBInthebeginning,thedeliciousdishwasmadesimplybyboilingvegetables,chilliesandSichuanpeppersinwater.Overtime,ithasexpandedtoincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces,appealingtopeopleofdifferenttastes.吸引v.增加，扩大Adj.多样的Expandv.①youneedtoexpandyourvocabulary②扩展，发展（业务）Sheintendtoexpandherhotelbusinessvi.细谈，详述expandonupnsth.Couldyouexpandonthispoint,please?ExpandvsextendExpand指范围、体积的扩大Extend指空间范围等的扩大，长度或宽度的延伸及时间的延长Multiple:multi-表示多…的为形容词词缀Multimediaadj.多媒体的multiculturaladj.多元文化的WhatIlovebestaboutSichuanhotpotsisthattheyofferagreatopportunitytosocializewithfriendssinceamealcanlastforhours.IinstantlybecameabigfanofSichuanhotpotsandI’llsoonbebackformore!与…交往Adv.立即地What引导主语从句并在句中作宾语表语从句Socializev.交往，交际socializewithsb.=mixwithsb.Ienjoysocialingwiththeotherstudents.Socialize——socialism——social——societyinstantly=immediately=atonce=rightaway12

August,NanjingsaltedducksaltedduckisNanjing'smostfamousfoodexport.Servedplaininthin,whiteslices,themeatisjuicyandsalty.EachNanjingsaltedducktakesseveraldaysto

prepare,andtheprocessincludessalting,

drying,

boiling

andcooling.AsIfinishedmyfirsthelpingonarecentafternooninNanjing,myhost,ChefZhang,toldmealittlemoreaboutthedish.Servedplaininthin,whiteslices

此处为过去分词作状语plainadj.朴素的，简单的(simple)；清楚的(clear)n.平原slicen.薄片；部分vt.把...切片v.切开，割破helpingn.(进餐时的)一份食物

chefn.主厨，厨师(cook)plain,mountains,lakes,valley,bay,highland...asliceof...一片slicesth.(up)pleasesliceonionup.asmall/generoushelping一小/大份食物Weallhadasecondhelpingofpie.又一份ThecountrysidearoundNanjinghasbeenfamousfor

itsducksforcenturies；itscountlesswaterwaysmaketheareaperfectforraising

waterbirds.

AlocalhistorybookfromthelateQingDynastypraisedsaltedduckin

particular,sayingitwaswithoutequal.inparticular=particularly：特别，尤其withoutequal无与伦比itisreportedthatsheisabeautywithoutequal.Traditionally,duckisconsideredtohavecoolingproperties,soitisappropriateforthehotsummermonths.Nowadays,peopleeatsaltedduckallyearroundanditisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!ItdefinitelyhitthespotwhenItriedit,andithasbecomeoneofmypersonalfavourites.beappropriatefor/to...适合...appropriateadj.适合的+ly/+nessappreciatev.欣赏；感激allyearround全年地estimatevt.估计；估算n.估计；估价intimateadj.亲密的consumevt.吃,喝,饮；消耗,耗费+er/consumption消耗,消费hitthespot使人满意，正合需要ItmightbeappropriatetowearappropriateclothesinpublicItisestimatedthat...据估计，......Itisestimatedthatupto100peopleinformonunfairevents.8December,CantonesedimsumInGuangzhou,morningteaissuchanessentialpartofthedailyroutinethat“Haveyouhadyourtea?’’hasbecomethelocalversionof“Goodmorning."essential:adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的n.必需品；要点essencen.本质;实质；精油；香精essence(ofsth)Itisessentialthat...(从句谓语动词使用should+动词原形)moneyisnot_________tohappiness.such(+a/an)+adj.+n.+that结构：如此...以至于...=so+adj.+thatkid,youaresogreatthatIwanttobecomeyouradoptedfather!改写：ThoughteahouseshavebeencommoninChinasincethe