专题08 介词（二）-中考英语语法单项选择题专项突破（解析版）

II.介词与其他词的搭配介词可与动词，名词，形容词，副词等搭配，这种搭配已经形成习语，考生应加强记忆。中考主要考查介词与动词和形容词的搭配。介词与动词的搭配1.—Lookinthemirror.Whathappened______yourface?—Oh,there’ssomeinkonmyface.(乐山)A.to B.on C.in【答案】A【解析】happentosb.为固定搭配，意为“某人发生……了”。2.—Canyoucometomypartythisevening?—Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetoprepare_______myexams.（贵港）A.ofB.forC.aboutD.with【答案】B【解析】句意：——今晚你能参加聚会吗？——很遗憾，我去不了。我得为考试做准备。preparefor意为“为……做准备”。3.Wewon!Thehonorbelongs_______allthemembersofourteam.(上海)A)byB)ofC)atD)to【答案】D【解析】句意：我们赢了！荣誉属于我们队的所有成员。belongto意为“属于”，是固定搭配。4.—Hello,mayIspeak________Mike?—ThisisMike,speaking.(昆明)A.at B.to C.in D.on【答案】B【解析】句意：——你好，我可以和迈克通电话吗？——我就是，请说。speakto意为“和……讲话”。5.Sinceyouare_______danger,whynotask______help?(通辽)A.in;forB.in;toC.with;forD.with;to【答案】A牢记以下与动词搭配的介词：动词+forhunt/look/searchfor寻找waitfor等候carefor关心，喜欢standfor代表askfor请求，要求headfor前往2）动词+fromlearnfrom向……学习hearfrom收到……的来信diefrom死于3）动词+aboutargueabout为……争论speakabout说起thinkabout思考careabout对……感兴趣hearabout听说talkabout谈论worryabout担心4）动词+withmeetwith遇到talkwith与……谈话beginwith始于agreewith同意（某人的意见），适合disagreewith不同意5）动词+onagreeon就……达成协议decideon对……做出决定dependon依赖，依靠keepon继续carryon继续6）动词+ofthinkof想到dreamof梦想dieof因（病）而死speakof谈到hearof听说7）动词+inhandin交出bringin引进succeedin获成功fillin填写getin收获（庄稼）8）动词+tocometo到达belongto属于happento发生9）动词+atlookat看，关注laughat嘲笑workat用功，努力形容词与介词的搭配常与形容词搭配的介词有of,for,to,with,at,in,from等。1.CaoYinpengisa9-year-oldChineseboy.Heisknown_________savinghisfather’slife.（湘潭）A.forB.atC.by【答案】A【解析】句意：曹寅朋是一个九岁的中国男孩。他以抢救他父亲的生命而闻名。beknownfor意为“以……而著名”。2.It’snotgoodtobelate___________school.（甘孜）A.to B.for C.from【答案】B【解析】句意：上学迟到不好。belatefor意为“干……迟到”。故选。学&科网3.Whoisbetter________playingbasketball,youoryourbrother?(宜宾)A.at B.inC.on【答案】A【解析】句意：你和你兄弟谁更擅长打篮球？begoodat意为“擅长于”，这里bebetterat为比较级形式。4.—Yourbestfriendisreallytalented_______learningforeignlanguages.—Yes,heisalsogood_______othersubjects.(乌鲁木齐)A.in;withB.at;forC.in;atD.at;to【答案】C牢记以下与形容词搭配的介词形容词+ofcarefulof小心fondof喜欢fullof充满afraidof害怕tiredof厌倦proudof自豪shortof缺乏2）形容词+topoliteto有礼貌equalto等于usefulto对……有用closeto接近fairto对……公平rudeto对……粗鲁3）形容词+forlatefor迟到famous/knownfor出名goodfor对……有好处badfor对……有害sorryfor对……抱歉4)形容词+withpatientwith对……有耐心angrywith恼怒busywith忙于……friendlywith对……友好popularwith受……欢迎crowdedwith拥挤5）形容词+fromdifferentfrom与……不同absentfrom缺席safefrom没有危险6）形容词+inrichin富含，盛产highin……含量高successfulin在……成功interestedin对……感兴趣lostin入迷7)形容词+atangryat对……发怒goodat擅长于quickat对……反应快pleasedat对……欣慰slowat不精于surprisedat对……惊奇badat不善于3.介词成语1.Thewholefamilywereagreementaboutwhattheyshoulddonext.(白银)A.aboutB.ofC.inD.on【答案】C2.Graceoftengetsnervousbeforeshegivesaspeech_______.(贵阳)A.inpublic B.intotal C.incommon【答案】A【解析】句意：Grace常在公众场合演讲前变得很紧张。in

public意为“在公众场合”，符合句意。3.Hedidallthis______silence,andveryrapidly.（十堰）A.at B.in C.with D.of【答案】B【解析】句意：他都是默默地做着所有的事情，而且非常迅速。insilence为固定搭配，意为“默默地；静静地”。4.—Mostofthewildanimalsarebecauseoftheirbadlivingenvironment.—Sowemustdosomethingtosavethem.(襄阳)A.inneedB.ondutyC.atworkD.indanger【答案】D【解析】句意：——因为动物生活环境很糟糕，大多数野生动物都濒临灭绝。——因此我们必须采取措施来拯救它们。Indanger意为“处于危险中”，符合句意。5.Whenyou’reinvitedtohavedinnerathomebyanAmericanfriend,youshouldbe________oralittlelater.It’sdifferentfromourChinesecustom.(山西)A.ontime B.onbusiness C.onshow【答案】A6.—Ifsomeoneis______yourway,whatwillyoudo?—Iwillwaituntilheorshemovesinsteadofpushingpast.(泰州)A.in B.on C.by D.along【答案】A【解析】句意：——如果有人挡了你的路，你会怎么做？——我会等到他或她走过去而不是抢道。inone’sway表示“挡道”，是固定搭配。7.—_________,theremustbelifeonotherplanetsthoughnonehasbeendiscovered.—Iagreewithyou.Theuniverseissolargeafterall.(德州)A.Tomysurprise B.TobehonestC.Inmyopinion D.Againandagain【答案】C【解析】句意：——依我之见，其它星球上一定有生命，尽管还没有发现什么。——我同意，宇宙毕竟很大。inone’sopinion意为“依某人之见”，符合句意。8.HeknewhissubjectAtoZ.(株洲)A.fromB.atC.on【答案】A【解析】句意：他非常了解他的话题。knowsthfromAtoZ为固定搭配，表示“非常了解某事物”。英语中的介词成语很多，同学们要加强记忆。asaresult结果atatime一次atfirst起初atlast最后atleast至少atmost最多atonce立刻atpresent目前atthesametime同时attimes有时byaccident/chance偶尔bymistake错误地byheart能背诵bytheway顺便说一下inagreement达成协议indanger处于危险中infact实际上inturn轮流inone’sopinion以某人来看inthe/one’sway挡道innotime立刻inorder井井有条inotherwords换句话说inpublic公开地inreturn作为回报inshort总之insilence静静地intheend最后intime及时inall总共onbusiness出差onduty值日onfire着火onfoot步行onholiday在度假onsale在出售onstrike罢工ontheotherhand另一方面ontheway在途中ontime准时toone’ssurprise/joy使人吃惊/高兴的是outofbreath气喘吁吁outofdate过时outoforder发生故障outofpatience失去耐心outofreach拿不到outofshape变形outoftouch失去联系dayafterday日复一日yearafteryear年复一年oneafteranother一个接一个地onebyone一个一个地littlebylittle一点一点地sidebyside肩并肩地stepbystep逐步地facetoface面对面arminarm手拉手地handinhand手牵手地thedaybeforeyesterday前天thedayaftertomorrow后天fromAtoZ完全，彻底fromtimetotime不时地fromdoortodoor挨家挨户地fromplacetoplace到处4.一些特殊句型中的介词：1.It’sverykind________youtolendmeyourreusableshoppingbags.(广东)A.of B.for C.to D.with【答案】A【解析】在句型It’s+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.中，当形容词表示人的品质、性格时，介词用of。kind表示人的性格，应用介词of。学&科网2.ImetMary,andshelentme￥20.Itwaskind_______hertolendmethemoney.(黔西南)A.for, B.of C.with D.in【答案】B3.—Daddy,I’verunoutofmypocketmoney.Ispent100Yuan________somefavoritebooks.—OK.Hereyouare.Butmakesureyousavemoneyaswell.(2017·湖北黄石)A.forB.onC.withD.at【答案】B【解析】句意为：——爸爸，我用光零钱了。我花了100元买喜欢的书了。——好的，给你。不过也要省着用啊。spendmoneyon为固定结构，意为“在……花费钱”。巩固练习：1.Sheisafraid_________speakinginfrontofalargegroupofpeople.A.toB.forC.ofD.about2.It’sbadmannerstobelate________school.A.toB.forC.ofD.on3.Theteacheroftentellsusthatthefuturebelongs________us.A.toB.for