中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训19-2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题体裁分类训练（中考真题各地模拟题）

备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训19（2022·浙江金华·一模）①ThemomentthatJiangMengnanreceivedtheawardofpersonTouchingChinafor2021,shesaidshemostwantedtoexpressthankstoherparents.②Bornin1992inHunanProvince,Jiang’sworldhasbeensilentsinceshewas6monthsold,aftershetookthewrongmedicinewhichwasharmfultoherhearing.So,Jiang’sparentsbegantoteachhertolearnlipreading.③Jiang’sparentsaskedhertoputherhandsontheirthroats(喉咙)whentheytalked.Itwasaslowandhardtask,butherparentsnevergaveup.Learningasinglewordcantakeatleast1,000practiceforJiang,anddifferentpeoplehavingdifferentwaysofspeakingaddeddifficultiestoherschoolandsociallifewhenitcametolipreading.Throughlipreadingandselfstudy,JianglearnedtospeakandshewasabletokeepupwithlearningandwasacceptedbyJilinUniversitywithahighscoreof615.In2018,shewasacceptedasaPhDcandidateatTsinghuaUniversity’sSchoolofLifeSciences.④Moreimportantly,sheishelpinginspire(激励)disabledchildreninmanyplacestofightforsuccess.Becauseofherhearingloss,shecouldn’tbeadoctor.Instead,shechosepharmacy(药剂)tohelpreducepeople’spain.Anotherthingshemakesuphermindtodoisteachingchildrenlikehernottolosehopesbecauseoftheirdisability.Jiangoftenvisitsspecialeducationschoolsandmeetswithstudents.Shetellsthemtodotheirbesttoachievegoalslikesocalledhealthypersons.⑤Shestressedthatpeoplewithdisabilitieshavenoneedtofeeldiscouraged,astheycandothesameorevenbetterthannondisabledpeoplearoundthem.WhenGodclosesadoor,heopensawindow,andthisgirlbelievesthatallchallengesaregifts.1．JiangMengnanstartstolearntospeakby________.A．lipreadingandselfstudy B．goingtodifferentuniversitiesC．listeningcarefullyinclass D．readingstoriesloudlybyherself2．Paragraph4ismainlyaboutJiangMengnan’s________.A．difficultiesinlanguagelearning B．experienceinlipreadingC．waysinhelpingdisabledchildren D．adviceaboutgettingsuccess3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Jiangreceivedbadeducationatmiddleschools.B．Jiang’steachersoftenvisitspecialeducationschools.C．Jiangthinksshecan’tdobetterthanmonpeople.D．Jiang’sparentstaughthertopracticeandnevergaveup.4．WhatcanwelearnfromJiang’sstory?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed. B．Wellbegunishalfdone.C．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.（2022·湖北宜昌·一模）“Hello,everyone!WeletoTiangongClass.”Withthisgreeting,aspecialspeechbeganonTiangongspacestationabout400kilometersabovetheearthonDec9,2021.Lastingforaboutanhour,thespacespeechwasbroadcastlivetomillionsofstudents.ThreeastronautsfromtheShenzhouXIII—ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu—hostedthespeech,showinghowtheyliveandworkonthespacestationanddoingsomeinterestingexperimentsthatcanonlybedoneinspace.ThisisthesecondlivespacespeechinChina.Eightyearsago,withtheassistanceoftwootherShenzhouXastronauts.Wanggavethecountry’sfirstlivespacespeechtoover60millionschoolchildrenacrossChina.Morespacetoteachparedwiththeclasseightyearsago,thisspacespeechisgreatlydifferent.The“classroom”isbigger.InsteadofTiangongIexperimentalmodule(实验舱),thisyearWanggavethespacespeechintheTianhespacecoremodule(核心舱),whichisthebiggestspacecraftdevelopedbyChina.TechnologicaldevelopmentThequalityofspacetogroundconnectionandmunicationisalsomuchimproved.Thespacespeechsometimesfacedthechallengesofthevideofreezingandanunclearpicture,butthisyear’sspeechisdifferent.Thetransmissionspeedhasbeenhighlyincreasedandthewholelivebroadcasthasrunsmoothly.ThesechangesshowChinesespaceindustryhasmadegreatprogressinthepasteightyears.Biggercontents(授课内容)Alongwiththetechnologicalprogress,thisyear’sspacespeechdiscussedmorecoursesofscience.Eightyearsago,Wangshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsinspace.Butthisyear,biologywasadded.Thoughthesespacespeechesshoweddifferenttopics,theaimtospreadknowledgeaboutmanmadespaceflightsandtomakeyoungpeoplebeinterestedinsciencehasneverchanged.Spaceactivitiescanhelpyoungpeopledeveloptheinterestsofscienceandfacechallenges.5．WhendidWangYapinggivethefirstlivespacespeechtoschoolchildrenacrossChina?A．2003 B．2012 C．2013 D．20216．Theaimofthespeechesisto_________A．parethetwoclasses. B．introducetheteachingskills.C．reportthenews. D．encourageyoungpeople.7．Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementistrue?A．WangYapinggavethesecondlectureinTiangongIexperimentalmodule.B．ThespecialspeechdiscussedthelawsofphysicsandgeographyinspaceinDec.9,2021.C．Thespacespeechfacedthechallengesofthetransmissionspeedandlivebroadcastsmoothlyinthepast.D．Chinesespaceindustryhaslittleprogressnowadays.8．Accordingtothepassage,thecorrectorderis________.a.Astronautsshowhowtheyliveandworkonthespacestationanddosomeinterestingexperimentsinspace.b.WangYapingshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsinspace.c.Youngpeopleareinterestedinscienceandfacechallenges.d.ShenzhouXIIIflewintothespace.A．abcd B．bacd C．bdac D．dbac9．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AGreatAstronaut. B．ProgressInSpaceScience.C．ASpecialClass. D．BuildASpiritOfScience.（2022·云南·一模）Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Over1billionyoungpeopleareatriskofhearinglossbecauseoflisteningtoloudnoiseforlongperiodsoftime.WHOsaid,“ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumescanharmyourhearing.”TheUnitedNationshasstandardsforsafelistening.Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan85dB(分贝)foreighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dBandthesoundofarockconcertcanbeabout100dB.Loudnoiseisharmfultotheinnerear(内耳).Mostofusarebornwithabout16,000haircells(毛细胞)inourinnerears.Thesecellsdetect(探测)sounds.However,listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecanmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.Thisiswhatcauseshearingloss.Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn’tallthatloud.Butthiscandependonwhereyouare.Forexample,ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.Later,whenyoulistentoitatthesamevolumeinaquietplace,youmightfeelunfortable.WHOsaidthe“safelevel”formostsoundisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.Alevelof80dBisroughly(大约)equaltothenoiseofasubway.10．AccordingtoWHO,________isbadforyouhearing.A．listeningtosoftmusic B．listeningtomusicC．listeningtoloudmusic D．watchingTVshow11．Thesoundlevelofabusyroadisabout________.A．80dB B．85dB C．90dB D．100dB12．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．It’spropertoturnupmusictooloudinthesubway.B．Loudmusiccancausesomeofhaircellstodie.C．Loudnoisedoesharmtohaircells.D．Wemightbeunfortabletolistentoloudmusicinaquietplace.13．WHOthinksthesafelevelformostsoundis________.A．louderthan80dBformorethan40hoursaweek B．100dBfor15minutesC．louderthan85dBfor8hours D．below80dBforlessthan40hoursaweek14．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．DifferentStandardsforSafeListening B．LoudNoiseisHarmfultoHearingC．TheRiskofListeningtoMusic D．KeeptheLoudVolumes（2022·山东临沂·一模）Accordingtoaresearch,morethan130billionpoundsofuneaten(未吃的)foodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearly(每年的，一年的)foodsupply.Itisasadfact,especiallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday,shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghall,togiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇护所)inhermunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughout(遍及)thecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&Find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutfood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?ItisnotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura,hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopthesimilarprojectsfortheirmunities.Somepeople,however,worryaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。15．ThenumbersinParagraph1tellus_______.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisserious C．thepopulationislarge16．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom_______.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamily C．afastfoodrestaurant17．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato_______.A．fireatruckdriver B．visittheirmunities C．helpdevelopprojectslikehers18．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Adiningguideapp B．Afoodsharingproject C．Adrivingserviceapp（2022·浙江金华·一模）①Doesalakeonfiresoundimpossible?Ifyouthinkthatwatercan’tburn,youneedtolearnmoreaboutpollution.②Let’sgoandseeBellandurLakeinthecityofBengaluruinIndia.Bengaluruisthecenterformanyheavyindustries.Electricalandelectronicgoods,puterpartsandpartsforplanesandspacerocketsareproducedthere.Muchofthewastefromtheseandalargeamountofthewastewaterfromlocalpeoplerunintothelake.③Theseharmfulmixedthingshaveledthelaketobeecoveredwithathickwhitefoam(泡沫)thatlookslikesnowwhenseenfromfaraway.Whenthelevelofthewaterrises,thefoamdoestooandcoversnearbyareas,evenroads.Whenafirebreaksoutonthelake,itisbothfrighteninganddangerous.Peoplewholiveorworknearthelakealsogetseriouslyillbecauseofthepollution.④Thefirehasdrawnagreatdealofattentionrecently,butburninglakesarenothingnew.PollutionmainlyhappensindevelopingcountrieslikeIndiatoday.Inthepast,itmainlytookplaceinEuropeandAmerica.CuyahogaRiver,ariverinAmerica,hadcaughtfireatleast13times.Thefirethatcausedthemostattentionwasin1969whenoilcoveredareasontheriverweresetonfirebysparks(火花)fromapassingtrain.Thefirereachedaheightofoverfivefloorsandburnedforabouthalfanhour.Bythattime,peopleinAmericaweremoreawareofitsdangersandwantedtochange.⑤Asaresult,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasfoundedin1970andtheCleanWaterAct(1972)wasputintouse.ThisActrequiredallriversthroughoutAmericabecleanenoughtosafelyallowswimmersandfishtopassthroughby1983.Duetotheseefforts,theCuyahogaRiverhasneverhadanotherfireandover60differentspeciesoffishliveintheriver.⑥Ifhistoryisaguide,willitbepossibleforpeopleinIndiatobringanendtothepollutionbychangingthelawsintheircountry,too?Likemanynations,it’snecessarytoraiseawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionamongthegeneralpublic.Allofusmustact!19．Accordingtothepassage,lakescancatchfiremainlybecauseof________.A．theriseofwaterlevel B．sparkssetbyapassingtrainC．firefromnearbywoods D．pollutionfromheavyindustries20．TheexampleofCuyahogaRiverinParagraphs4&5isusedto________tosolvetheproblem.A．showonepossibleway B．describeanotherseriousfireC．bringEnvironmentalresult D．showtheworldwidepollution21．Theunderlinedwords“itsdangers”refertothedangersof“________”.A．sparks B．pollution C．foam D．snow22．Thestructure(结构)ofthepassagemightbe________.A． B．C． D．（2022·浙江金华·一模）Duringthetwosessions(两会),GenerationZ(peopleborn19952009)sharetheirthoughtsaboutChina.Let’stakealook.Peopleneedtopayattentiontothemental(心理)healthofteenagers,especiallyduringthe“doublereduction”policy.Someofmyfriendsfeltmoreandmorestressfromtheirparents’highexpectations,aswellasbeingparedwithothers.Wereallyneedhelpwithstress.—ZhangKexin,14,fromBeijingMyschoolsetsupmanyclubsinourafterschoolclassestohelpstudentsunderstandtheimportanceoftraditionalculture.Ijoinapapercuttingworkshopandahanfuclub.Takepapercuttingasanexample.Ithasnotonlyhelpedmepracticemyhandcraftskillsbutalsoletmeknowthebeautyofart.—ZhaoYan,Junior2,fromLiaoningIt’simportantforChinatobuild“nationalfitness”.Ilovejumpingandplayingpingpong.Doingexercisegivesmeenergyandmakesmefeelhappy.However,somestudentsaretoobusywithstudiestodoanyexercise.Weshoulddomoreexercisetobuildourbody.Onlystrongpeoplecanbuildastrongnation.—YinPeixin,11,fromWuhanZhangKexinsethereyeson________duringthetwosessions.A．afterschoolclasses B．nationalfitnessC．mentalhealthofteenagers D．traditionalculture24．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisYinPeixin’sopinion?A．Studentsshoulddomoresportstobuildtheirbody.B．It’simportanttoknowmoreabout“doublereduction”.C．GenerationZshouldstudyhardtobuildastrongnation.D．Weshouldaskstudentsbeingbusywithstudiestojoinclubs.25．Thetextmostprobablyesfromthe________column(栏目)ofamagazine.A．LanguageWorld B．YourVoiceC．StoryGarden D．TechnologySquare（2022·云南红河·一模）FlyingkitesisanactivitylovedbymanyChineseinspring.Ithasbeenaroundformorethan2,300years.ItwasfirstinventedbyMozi,hespentthreeyearsinmakinga“bird”outofwoodandflyingitforadaybeforeitfelldown.HisstudentLuBanreplacedthewoodwithbamboo,andthe“bamboobird”wasabletoflyaslongasthreedays.ItwasnotuntiltheTangDynastythatthekitewasusedforfun.Becauseofthepopularityofpaper,monpeoplewereabletomakekiteswithpaperinsteadofexpensivesilk,andthekitewereindifferentstyles,makingmethodsanddecorations(装饰).

Littlelanternsaretiedtothekite.Andwhenthekitesareflyinginthesky,thelanternslooklikestarsatnight.Theskeleton(骨架)ofthekiteisusuallymadeofbamboo.Theprocessoftyingtheskeletonincludeschoosingbamboo,cuttingbamboo,bendingbamboostrips(弯曲竹条)andmakingstripstogether.Then,youhavetochoosewhichmaterialisputontheskeletonascover.Silkandpapercanbeoftenseenasthecover.Painting,thethirdstep,makesyourkiteealiveandbeautiful.Kitesarenotonlyflownduringthedaytimebutalsointheevening.Whatmakesflyingkitesduringthisdayspecialisthatpeoplecutthestringwhilethekiteisintheskytoletitflyfree.Itissaidthisbringsgoodluck.26．Thefirstkitewasmadeof________.A．bamboo B．wood C．stick D．steel27．Howlongcanthebamboobirdflyinthesky?A．Oneday. B．Twodays. C．Threedays. D．Fourdays28．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．ThekitewasfirstinventedbyMozi. B．LuBanmadethekiteflylonger.C．ThekiteisusedforfunintheTangDynasty. D．Youcanseekiteflyingonlyduringthedaytime.29．Theunderlinedword“cover”inParagraph3means“________”inChinese.A．覆盖 B．表面 C．雕像 D．毛毯30．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howtoflyakite. B．Howtomakeakite.C．Theintroductionofkite. D．Themeaningofflyingakite.（2022·浙江杭州·一模）Youuseiteveryday,andthere’soneinnearlyeveryhomeandoneverystreeterit’sthetoilet.Didyouknowtheaveragepersonspendsthreewholeyearsofhisorherlifeonthetoilets?Forsomethingsoimportant,wegiveitverylittlethought.Well,November19isWorldToiletDayadaytobringattentiontothetoilet.WorldToiletDayremindsusofhowluckywearetohavetoilets.Manypeoplestilldon’thavecleantoilets,andthiscausesanumberofhealthproblems.Toiletstakemanydifferentformsaroundtheworld.IntheUS,youwon’tseeanysquatting(蹲式的)toilets.MostpeopleintheWesternworldhavetoiletsandrunningwaterintheirhomes.But,insomeplaces,toiletsareoutdoorsin“outhouses”.Everyoneintheneighborhoodsharesthesameouthouse,andgoingtothetoiletbeesasocialevent.Dependingonwhereyouare,publictoiletscanbeveryprivate,withmachinesplayingthesoundofrunningwatertomaskyournoises.Or,publictoiletscanhavenoprivacyatalljustonebigroom.Nowsomemodemtoiletshaveelectronickeypads,heatersandevenplaymusic!Whenyouusethetoilet,youshouldkeepsomemannersinmind:Flush(冲)thetoiletafteryouhavefinished.Washyourhandsbeforeyouleavetherestroom.Don’tstandonthetoiletwhenyouareusingit.Ifyouusepublictoilets,theremaybealine.Don’tcutinlinethisisveryrude.31．Howlongdoesapersonprobablyspendontoiletsinhis/herlife?A．3wholeyears. B．2wholeyears. C．1wholeyear. D．1.5wholeyears.32．WorldToiletDayisadayto________.A．remindpeopletobuildmoretoilets B．remindusofhowluckywearetohavetoiletsC．askpeopletogotocleantoilets D．keepgoodmannersinmind33．What’stheuseofmachinesinthetoiletplayingthesoundofrunningwater?A．Protectingyourprivacy. B．Makingyoufeelhappy.C．Helpingyoukeepwarm. D．Playingmusicforyoutoenjoy.34．Whichisarudethingtodowhenusingthetoilet?A．Waitinginalineiftherearemanypeople. B．Forgettingtoflushthetoiletafterusingit.C．Notstandingonthetoiletwhenusingit. D．Washinghandsbeforeleavingthetoilet.（2022·江苏扬州·一模）Doyouknowblackboxes?Blackboxesareflightrecordersplacedinanaircraftforthepurposeofmakingiteasierto

knowhowtheaccidentshappenedinflight.Anairplaneactuallyhastwoblackboxes.Theflightdatarecordercatchestheinformation,whichcandiscoverwhetherhumanerrororinstrumentproblemscontributedtoanaccident.Thecockpit(驾驶舱)voicerecorderrecordspilotvoicesandcockpitsounds.Theblackboxesarenotblack.Theyarepaintedbrightorangetohelpwiththeirrecoveryafteraccidents.Theoutsideiswithstripesofreflectivetape(反光带).Theblackboxesareusuallyplacedinthetailofaplanewheretheyaremorelikelytosurviveacrash.Aflightdatarecorderisrequiredtostoreatleast25hoursofflightinformation.Acockpitvoicerecorderisrequiredtorecordatleast2hoursofaudioinformation.Fortheblackboxestosurviveacrash,theyarebuilttobewaterproof,fireproof,shockproof,heatandpressureandcorrosionresistant(耐腐蚀).Theblackboxmustbeabletohold3,400timestheforceofgravity,whentheairplanegoesdownatthespeedofabout500km/h.Itmustalsosurviveflamesupto1,100degreesCelsiusforonehour,andtheboxesshouldbeabletogiveoutasignaloncepersecondwhileputunder6,000metersofsaltwaterforatleast30days.Howisdatafromblackboxespickedup?Itneedsspecialskillstophysicallybringtheblackboxesback.Investigatorsmayneedtocleananddrytheblackboxesanddownloaddatafromthem.Ittakestimetodownloadandgettheinformationfromdata.Ifthestoringunitsgowrong,itwilltakelongertime,eitherdaysormonths.So,theblackboxesareveryimportanttoexplaintoeveryonewhathappenedduringtheflight.35．Whatdoestheunlinedword“recovery”inParagraph4mean?A．恢复 B．找回 C．保存 D．覆盖36．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Blackboxeshelpusknowhowflightaccidentshappen.B．Ittakeslittletimetodownloaddatafromtheblackboxes.C．Blackboxesarepaintedblackwithstripesofreflectivetape.D．Oneblackboxisintheheadofaplaneandtheotherisinthetail.37．InParagraph5,thewriterusesnumberstoshow________.A．theblackboxesarestrongenoughB．theblackboxescanhelptheplanelandsafelyC．theblackboxescantellpeoplethecauseoftheaccidentD．theblackboxescanholdalotofinformationabouttheplane38．Thispassagemainlytellsus________.A．howlongblackboxeswork B．howblackboxespickupdataC．whatmessagesblackboxescarry D．whatweknowaboutblackboxes参考答案：1．A2．C3．D4．C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了江梦南的励志故事。她6岁失聪，但是经过多年的努力，她克服了许多困难实现了自己的梦想。1．细节理解题。根据“Throughlipreadingandselfstudy,Jianglearnedtospeak”可知通过唇读和自学，江梦南学会了说话。故选A。2．主旨大意题。根据“Moreimportantly,sheishelpinginspire(激励)disabledchildreninmanyplacestofightforsuccess”以及本段内容可知本段主要介绍了江梦南用了很多方法帮助其他残疾孩子。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Itwasaslowandhardtask,butherparentsnevergaveup.Learningasinglewordcantakeatleast1,000practiceforJiang”可知她的父母带着她不断地练习，虽然进步很缓慢，但是他们从不放弃。故选D。4．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了江梦南在逆境中仍然通过不断努力最终实现了梦想，故从她的故事中我们可以学到有志者事竟成。故选C。5．C6．D7．C8．C9．C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了12月9日在天宫空间站举行的一场特别的讲座的情况。5．推理判断题。根据“aspecialspeechbeganonTiangongspacestationabout400kilometersabovetheearthonDec9,2021”以及“Eightyearsago,withtheassistanceoftwootherShenzhouXastronauts.Wanggavethecountry’sfirstlivespacespeechtoover60millionschoolchildrenacrossChina”可知，2021年是第二次，第一次是在8年前也就是2013，故选C。6．细节理解题。根据“Thoughthesespacespeechesshoweddifferenttopics,theaimtospreadknowledgeaboutmanmadespaceflightsandtomakeyoungpeoplebeinterestedinsciencehasneverchanged”可知，目的是鼓励年轻人对科学感兴趣，故选D。7．推理判断题。根据“Thespacespeechsometimesfacedthechallengesofthevideofreezingandanunclearpicture,butthisyear’sspeechisdifferent”可推断，太空演讲在过去面临视频冻结和画面不清晰的挑战，C表述正确，故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“Eightyearsago,Wangshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsinspace”可知，八年前王亚平第一次进行太空授课，所以b排在第一位，排除A和D选项。紧接着神舟十三号飞船进入太空，进行了第二次的授课，所以d排在第二位，排除B选项，故选C。9．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了12月9日在天宫空间站举行的一场特别的讲座的情况，所以C选项“一堂特别的课”符合本文标题，故选C。10．C11．B12．A13．D14．B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中指出听音乐时将音量调得过高这一习惯对听力有害，同时介绍了联合国安全听力的标准。10．细节理解题。根据“Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing”可知，听声音大的音乐对听力有害。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据“Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dB”可知，繁忙道路的音量约为85分贝。故选B。12．推理判断题。根据“ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.”可知，在地铁里你可能没有意识到自己把音乐调得声音太大了，由此推测，在地铁里调高音乐的声音是不正确的，A项错误。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据“WHOsaidthe‘safelevel’formostsoundisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.”可知，世界卫生组织表示大多数声音的“安全水平”是低于80分贝，一周少于40小时。故选D。14．标题归纳题。根据第一段“Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing”和后文内容可知，本文主要讲述了把音量调得过高这一习惯对听力有害，B项“大声的噪音对听力有害”最适合做标题。故选B。15．B16．A17．C18．B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述劳拉通过创建了一项工程，让学校食堂和餐馆把他们未吃掉的食物捐赠给那些无家可归的庇护所里的儿童。15．细节理解题。根据“Accordingtoaresearch,morethan130billionpoundsofuneaten(未吃的)foodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearly(每年的，一年的)foodsupply.”可知，作者通过这些可怕的数字告诉我们食物浪费非常严重。故选B。16．细节理解题。根据“Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghall,togiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇护所)inhermunity.”可知，劳拉的项目首先是从她的学校食堂得到食物。故选A。17．细节理解题。根据“ItisnotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura,hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopthesimilarprojectsfortheirmunities.”可知，其他城市的人们联系劳拉，希望她能为他们的社区开发类似的项目。故选C。18．标题归纳题。根据“Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.”可知，尽管如此，这个项目还是一个帮助解决食物浪费问题的聪明方法，它帮助了那些有需要的人。可知本文介绍的这个项目可以帮助减少食物浪费，做到食物分享。所以文章标题应为“食物分享计划”。故选B。19．D20．A21．B22．D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了因为大量的污染物进入湖泊导致湖泊燃烧，并举例美国凯霍加河说明人类应该采取措施防止河流污染，也希望其他国家能采取相应的措施，提高环保意识。19．推理判断题。根据“Muchofthewastefromtheseandalargeamountofthewastewaterfromlocalpeoplerunintothelake.”以及“Theseharmfulmixedthingshaveledthelaketobeecoveredwithathickwhitefoam”可知一些重工业产生的污染被排入到湖泊，这些污染物让湖面形成了一层厚厚的白色泡沫，当有火花溅到上面时，就容易造成湖泊燃烧，可推知湖泊燃烧主要是因为重工业产生的污染。故选D。20．推理判断题。通读这两段内容可知，美国的凯霍加河之前也发生过燃烧情况，但是美国通过了一项法律来制止污染，之后凯霍加河再也没发生过燃烧情况，由此可知通过举例说明了一种可能的解决问题的方法。故选A。21．推理判断题。根据“Thefirereachedaheightofoverfivefloorsandburnedforabouthalfanhour.Bythattime,peopleinAmericaweremo