中医院校外语教学改革的实践与探索

TranslationSamuelButler:Commonlymistakestheoneandmisinformstheother.贿磋羹翕蚪括页雪杭榈炽醚魄伊碇捍蠕房钳苡猊葸再同畚轹铷遵顿阿疵笪贩喻卢逸囱冤忱劫绷桨颟牿馀迎厉姒濞胍询效瓜傲润坞硼悒焰挛碹海窑Nowthewholeearthhadonelanguageandthesamewords,andastheymigratedeastward,theycameuponaplaininthelandofShinarandsettledthere.Andtheysaidtooneanother,“Come,letusmakebricks,andburnthemthoroughly.”Andtheyhadbrickforstone,andbitumenformortar.Thentheysaid,“Come,letusbuildourselvesacity,andatowerwithitstopintheheavens,andletusmakeanameforourselves;otherwiseweshallbescatteredabroaduponthefaceofthewholeearth.”Thelordcamedowntoseethecityandthetower,whichmortalshadbelt.Andthelordsaid,“Looktheyareonepeople,andtheyhaveallonelanguage;andthisisonlythebeginningofwhattheywilldo;nothingthattheyproposetodowillnowbeimpossibleforthem.Come,letusgodown,andconfusetheirlanguagethere,sothattheywillnotunderstandoneanother’sspeech.”sotheLordscatteredthemabroadfromthereoverthefaceofalltheearth,andtheyleftoffbuildingthecity.ThereforeitwascalledBabel,becausetheretheLordconfusedthelanguageofalltheearth;andfromtheretheLordscatteredthemabroadoverthefaceofalltheearth.(HolyBible,1995:14)Translationistheexpressioninonelanguage(ortargetlanguage)ofwhathasbeenexpressedinanother(sourcelanguage).——Dubois1Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.——EugeneNida2AlexanderFraserTytler:Iwouldthereforedescribeagoodtranslationtobe,that,inwhichthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguage,astobeasdistinctlyapprehended,andasstronglyfeltbyanativeofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongs,asitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork(1790).PeterNewmark:Translationisacraftconsistingintheattempttoreplaceawrittenmessageand/orstatementinonelanguagebythesamemessageand/orstatementinanotherlanguage.法云（1088－1158）：宋平江（今江苏苏州）景德寺僧夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。音虽似别，义则大同。宋僧传云：如翻锦绣，背面俱华，但左右不同耳。译之言易也，谓以所有易其所无，故以此方之经而显彼土之法。周礼掌四方之语，各有其官。东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译。今通西言而云译者，盖汉世多事北方，而译官兼善西语故。摩腾始至，而译《四十二章》，因称译也。《礼记.王制》：“中国，夷，蛮，戎，狄……五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同，达其志，通其欲：东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译。”Translationispossible,译可译，

It’snottransliteration.非常译；Neglecttheoriginalform,忘其形，

Gettheoriginalidea!得其意。Gettingtheidea,得意，

Youunderstandtheoriginal;理解之始；Neglectingtheform,忘形，

Youexpresstheidea.表达之母。

Betruetotheidea,故应得意，

Commonintwolanguages;以求其同；Befreefromtheform,故可忘形，

Peculiartotheoriginal!以存其异。Ideaandformare,两者同出，

Twosidesofonething.异名同理。Gettingthecommonidea,得意忘形，

Neglectingtheoriginalform!求同存异。That’sthewayoftranslation.翻译之道。030201YanFu(严复):Truthfulness(信),expressiveness(达),elegance(雅)天演论译例言：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。《易》曰：“修辞立诚”。子曰：“辞达而已”。又曰：“言之无文，行之不远”。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。故信、达而外，求其尔雅。AnlexanderFraserTytler’sPrinciplesThetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbethesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.Thetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.《礼记·学记》：“凡学之道，严师为难。师严然后道尊，道尊然后民知敬学。”

Aboutlearning,themostdifficultthingistofindstrictteachers.Onlywhentheteachersarestrict,canthestudentsappreciatetheTao.OnlywhentheTaoisappreciated,canpeoplerespectlearning.《中庸·天命章》：“天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。”（“性”，即人的本性，属上天所赋予；“道”，即按照本性行事之法；“教”，即修治其道的教化之举。）辜鸿鸣翻译如下：TheordinanceofGodiswhatwecallthelawofourbeing(性).Tofulfillthelawofourbeingiswhatwecallthemorallaw(道).Themorallawwhenreducedtoasystemiswhatwecallreligion(教).魏博节度使韩简，性粗质，每对文士，不晓其说，心常耻之。乃召一士人讲《论语》，至《为政篇》。明日喜谓同官曰：“近方知：古人禀质瘦弱，年至三十，方能行立。”明人梦醒龙在《古今谭概•无术部第六》讲了这样一则笑话：挣破庄周梦，两翅驾东风，三百座名园一采一个空。谁道风流种，唬杀寻芳的蜜蜂。轻轻飞动，把买花人搧过桥东。——元•王和卿《咏大蝴蝶》1似是而非，似非而是；3瞬息之际，乾坤倒转；2译理定数，游若鬼神。4分寸之间，雄兵百万。语序之更与语意之变1Anyhow,heworks2Heworksanyhow.3Wemayaswelltakethis.4Wemaytakethisaswell.5Shefoolishlyspoke.6Shespokefoolishly.7Happilyhedidnotdie.8Hedidnotdiehappily.9Icoulddowithmoreleisure(cando=besatisfiedwith)Youmustmakegoodanyloss.Theapplesaregoodandripe.(goodand=very)Thesmokebetrayedwherethedwellinglay.Cursescomehometoroost.Heisignoranttoaproverb.InChina,hisnamewaswellknown,ifnotahouseholdword.Hewasstronginhistime(inone’stime=whenhewasyoung).Heidentifiedhimselfwiththemasses.12345Youarenotplayingthegame.1Thesingerhasherheadturned.2Somebodywillhavetobreaktheice.3OneobserverbelievedKissinger’sgeniuswasanabilitytotellninedifferentstoriestoninepeople,andkeepthemallstraight.4Truthliesinthebottomofthedecanter.5Betternotbeatallthannotbenoble.6P6P5P4P3P2P1英译为汉理解领先词类转换随机应变方法一般技巧灵便LiuXianghasbecometheobjectofadmirationformanypeopleovernight.04Hisinsistenceonherinnocencearousesourattention.05WenliflaredupatthesightofherhusbandwalkingwithLiTianjiao.01NoviolationofOne-Chinaprinciplecanbetolerated.03Hisuseofacupuncture,previouslytaboothroughoutmostofEuropeancountries,hasimprovedtheclinicaltherapeuticeffectofapoplexytreatment.02FeelingpulsefeaturesthetraditionalsystemoftreatmentinChina.Ireallydon’tknowwhatmotivateshertojointhissmallparty.Commoncoldischaracterizedbycough,fever,headacheandrunningnose.WhatShanghaimanimpressesmemostistheirclearness,industriousnessandslickness.Thisremedyismarkedbyimmediateeffect,lowcostandmildsideeffect.STEP1STEP2STEP3STEP4Wearesurprisedatwhathehasmentionedjustnow.Wearefor/againsttakingsuchanaction.Veryfewpeoplewritewithabrushnow.MostpeopleinChinatravelbytrain01020304Wearenotsurewhetherdoctorscansavehislife.Micearequitealertedtodanger.05Weareverygratefultoyouforyourhelp.Theoldmaniscontenttostayinthecountry.Hewalkedoutquietly,ashewasafraidofdisturbingothers.Hewasjealousofhisfriend’ssuccess.06Doctorsaremakingcomprehensivestudyofthiscase.Policemenareconductingacarefulinvestigationofthiscase.ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresident’sreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue.0103021Thenegotiationisoff.2Thelightwasstillonwhenhelefttheclassroom.3Thebattlewasstillonwhenagreatstormoccurred.4Therosesareout.5Thetideisout.ChairmanMaowasagreatsuccessinhiscareer,butatotalfailureasahusband.Toourgreatsurprise,USSRdisappearedovernight.It’sofgreatimportanceforstudentsmajoringinEnglishtolearnChinesewell.ItisofgreatsignificancetoinvigoratetraditionalChinesestudies.Apowerfulearthquake

struckWesternChinaonMonday,topplingthousandsofhomes,factoriesandoffices,trappingstudentsinschools,andkillingatleast10,000people，destroying80percentofstructuresinsomeofthetownsandsmallcitiesnearitsepicenter.ItstremorswerefeltasfarawayasVietnamandsetoffanother,smallerquakeintheoutskirtsofBeijing,900milesaway.Landslidesandpowerfailuresleftmuchoftheaffectedareacutofffromtheoutsideworldandlimitedinformationaboutthedamage.ThequakewasthelatestinaseriesofeventsthathavedisruptedChina’splanningfortheOlympicGamesinAugust,includingwidespreadunrestamongthecountry’sethnicTibetanpopulation.TheprimeministerwaslatershownonnationaltelevisionstandingoutsidethedamagededificeoftheTraditionalMedicineHospitalinthecityofDujiangyan,shoutingencouragementatpeopletrappedinitsruins.“Hangonabitlonger,”hesaid.“Thetroopsarerescuingyou.Aslongasthereistheslightesthope,wewillneverrelaxourefforts.”ThequakewasalreadyChina’sbiggestnaturaldisastersinceanotherearthquakeleveledthecityofTangshanineasternChinain1976,leaving240,000peopledead.ThousandsoffrogsaremovinginMay,7.Maybesometimesanimalsknowearlierthanwehumanbeings!StudentsreadbooksfortheupcomingseniorhighschoolentranceexamsafteranearthquakeinMianyang,SichuanprovinceMay12,2008.ItwasatypicalsummereveninginJune,theatmospherebeinginsuchdelicateequilibriumandsotransmisivethatinanimateobjectsseemedendowedwithtwoorthreesenses,ifnotfive.Therewasnodistinctionbetweenthenearandthefar,andanauditorfeltclosetoeverythingwithinthehorizon.Thesoundlessnessimpressedherasapositiveentityratherasthemerenegationofnoise.Itwasbrokenbythestrummingofstrings.这是六月里特有的一个夏日黄昏。暮色格外柔和静美且极富感染力，连那些冥顽之物都仿佛平添了几分灵性，有了各种知觉。远近一切，难分彼此；天际间任何一丝声息，听来都恍如近在耳畔。她觉得这静寂并非单纯的悄无声息，而是一种实实在在的感觉。不想这静寂，却被瑟瑟的琴声所打破。IfChinaistryingtocatchupwiththerestoftheworldinthe20thcentury,maybethe21stcenturywillbelongtothem.Theyhavepeople,brainsandtheycanbeimpressivelydisciplined.Andtheirindustrialpotentialisawesome.ItmaycometobecommonlyacceptedinthenextcenturythatthemostsignificantspeechevergivenbyafellowwithacowboyhatcamenotfromRonaldReaganbutfroman80-year-oldChineseman.如果中国在20世纪设法赶上其他国家，21世纪可能是属于他们的。他们有人力，有人才，有很强的纪律性。他们的工业潜力巨大。下一个世纪，人们将会发现，发表重要讲话的那位戴牛仔帽的人不是罗纳德.里根，而是一位年逾八旬德中国老人。据说上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐溶溶。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安静和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。01虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈服于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑了之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。02上海男人聪明务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。03ItissaidthatShanghaimenmakethebesthusband.Theyalwaysknowhowtogainfavorwiththeirwives;consequentlyconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeareavoided,andthefamilylivesaveryhappyandharmoniouslife.Therefore,tosomeextent,Shanghaimenconstitutethesymbolofsocialstabilityandharmony.Whenhiswifeishappy,heishappytoo.Thusthewholecityispermeatedwithahappyatmosphere.AlthoughShanghaimenarebanteredashenpeckedhusbands.Theydonotsubmittotheirwives.Whenadisputearises,thehusbandeitherkeepssilentorlaughsitoff.Occasionally,hemaylosehistemper,butshortlyafterwardshewillnothesitatetoapologize.Intheendhiswifefindsherselffollowinghisway.Shanghaimenareclever,practicalandsometimesratherslick.WhatimpressespeoplemostisthatShanghaimenareimbuedwithanenterprisingspiritinadvancinghiscareer,haveastrongsenseofresponsibilityforthefamilyandrespectthefairsex.中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，是基于中国国情的必然选择。1840年鸦片战争以后的100多年里，中国受尽了列强的欺辱。消除战争，实现和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。今天的中国虽然取得了巨大的发展成就，但人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。推动经济社会发展，不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。中国人民最需要、最珍爱和平的国际环境，愿尽自己的所能，为推动各国共同发展作出积极贡献。ItisaninevitablechoicebasedonitsnationalconditionsthatChinaunswervinglytakestheroadofpeacefuldevelopment.Duringthe100-oddyearsfollowingtheOpiumWarin1840,Chinasuffereduntold/utter/deephumiliationfromthebigpowers.Eversincetheadventofmoderntimes,ithasbecometheassiduouslysoughtgoaloftheChinesepeopletoeliminatewar,safeguard/maintainpeaceandbuildacountryofindependenceandprosperityinwhichthepeoplecanleadahappylife.Althoughithasmadeenormousachievementsindevelopment,China,withalargepopulation,aweakeconomicfoundationandunbalanceddevelopment,isstillthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.ItisthecentraltaskofChinatopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandimproveitspeople’slife.WhattheChinesepeopleneedandcherishmostisapeacefulinternationalenvironment.Wearewillingtodoourbesttomakeenergeticcontributionsforthecommondevelopmentofallcountries.中西言语不同，词序结构各异。翻译时为使译文通畅顺达，增补词语时有必须。根据译文需要，原文暗含之意，需要明确叙之；原文直白表述之意，译文可含蓄述之。诸如此类，不一而足。本章通过具体实例，揭示翻译中的增补之要。Afterallpreparationsweremade,American-KoreandialoguewasheldinBeijinglastweek.Thismodernhospitalisabletocopewithvariousemergencies.ThetensionsbetweenAmericaandChinawasgreatlyimprovedafterNexion’svisittoBeijing.0103021Shewassmall,paleandsandy-haired.2Theseearlyautomobileswereslow,clumsy,andinefficient.3Thegirltookthenewsquitepalelyandcalmly.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats…Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcerts,andthetabletennisexhibitions…Whataidea/sight/day!Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.Thevoterturnoutwassmallandthemargintiny…Newfathersshouldhaveatleasttwoweekspaternityleavetohelptheirwivesrecoverfrompostnataldepression.ThedeathofthePrincessofWalesunleashedoutpouringsofnewlycoinedhonorifics.Itwasonlywhentheeconomicbubbleburstthattheyrealizedthattheyhadbeenburyingtheirheadsinthesandformanyyears.Theoppositionleader’sspeechstoletheheadlinesfromthegovernment.Now,Ihadtobecomeamiserwithwordsandstretcheverysentencelikeapoormanspendinghislastdollar.Herodewithherwhenevershewasfree.Shesentherouttoattractandtormentanddomischief,withthemaliciousassurancethatshewasbeyondthereachofalladmirers.ThefiveringsrepresentthecontentsofEurope,Asia,Africa,AustraliaandAmerica.Theycarriedontheworkinspiteofthedifficulties.保重。他总是将手插在口袋里。有问题，请举手。随手关灯。Everymanisafoolsometimes,andnoneatalltimes.Wewillestablishagovernmentof,byandforthepeople.HemajorsinEnglishandIinFrench.Asoundmustbeheard,acolorseen,aflavortasted,anodorinhaled.Afewothercreaturesyieldoil,butnonesomuchasthewhole.第五讲词语省略、正反表达

（教材第10、11部分）翻译中词语的省略问题，教材第10部分以详实的例子作了细致地说明。这些例子简单明了，希望同学们课后认真研读。这里仅就其中的个别例句加以分析，借以了解翻译中词语省略的理与法。STEP4STEP3STEP2STEP1WeChinesecanunderstandthisfeeling.中国人能理解这种感情。我失骄杨君失柳。Ilostmyproudpoplar,andyou(lost)yourwillow.他翻译这本书是为了提高英语会平。01只要一看地图，你就明白搞错了。02如果时间许可，我将和你一起去。03我给他开了一些治疗关节炎的药物。04他不但给她敞开了家门，而且敞开了心扉。05Hedisobeyedhismother.Therehasbeenseriousdisagreementbetweenthem.Iansweredwithouttheslightesthesitation.Yourquestionisbeyondmyknowledge.Theyhavemissedacrucialpoint.Doyoudenyyourchildrenanywish?1Youaretoblame,andyouhaveapologizetoher.2Howshallwemakefortheschool’sshortcomings?3Duringthewholeofadull,dark,andsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydreary(沉闷）tractofcountry.4Contaminatedlunchesareblamedforanoutbreakofdysenterythatleftprimaryschoolpupilssufferingfromdangerouslevelsofdehydration.Near-panicsweptthroughthecity,untilrumorsofdown-townturmoilprovedunfounded.Oneshouldalwaysliveinthebestcompany,whetheritbeofbooksorofmen.Itisstereotype,butnonethelesstrue.Don’tlosetimeinsendingforthedoctor.Withundividedattention,theycutthehayandmixeditup.Thestudyshowsanalmostlockstepcorrelationbetweenhighcholesterollevelsandheartdisease.1.TheproductofherMay-to-DecembermarriagetoGaryGrantendedinastormydivorce.2.Imadeupmymindtowritealifeofmypoorfather.3.Weareheretodayandgonetomorrow.4.Myunclerememberedmeonmybirthday.5.Thisisamereapologyforsoup.6.Helostacoolthousandofdollars.7.Wecannotexaggerateitsimportance.Thespieswerenotgoingtolosesightofme.01Hehasnotalittleexperienceintranslation.Hedidnotturnupuntiltheclasswasover.Closed-doorpolicyisnowhistoryinChina.Outofsight,outofmind.02030405被动语态，汉语少见，英语常用。01翻译之时，语态形式，常须转化。02Hecouldbefreedonbailwithinmonths.Thecratermayhavebeencausedbyanasteroidcrashingintotheearth…Theresultslipswillbeissuedtothetest-takerstomorrow.1Thestockmarkethasbeenbatteredbyinvestors.2Thesluggishnessintheeconomycannotbeexplainedbycyclicalfactors.3Documentsoncooperationweresignedbetweenthetwogovernments.Scienceisdiscoveredbyaprocessofinquiry,observationandexperiment.Someofthereportswerewritteninverse.Theletterhadbeenpostedlastnight.Therefore,effectivemeasuresmustbetakentocontrolthesalesofmedicine.Nomoneyisallocatedforcharity.Legislativepullisneededbeforethecity’sslumscanbebulldozed(强行推平）.Ialmostfrozetodeath.01Theyreceivedaverywarmwelcome.02Stiffpenaltiesloomforcounterfeiters.03一种抗艾滋病新药已经研制出来。如果事情这样发展，我们过去所做的一切都将化为乌有。老师给学生讲授物理学基本原理，鼓励他们完善自己的设计。人们可以从许多方面了解中国的文化传统。一家人家生了一个男孩，合家高兴透顶了。0103020405立论——鲁迅

我梦见自己正在小学校的讲堂上预备作文，向老师请教立论的方法。“难！”老师从眼睛圈外斜射出眼光来，看着我，说。“我告诉你一件事——“一家人家生了一个男孩，合家高兴透顶了。满月的时候，抱出来给客人看，——大概自然是想得一点好兆头。“一个说：‘这孩子将来要发财的。’他于是得到一番感谢。“一个说：‘这孩子将来要做官的。’他于是收回几句恭维。“一个说：‘这孩子将来是要死的。’他于是得到一顿大家合力的痛打。“说要死的必然，说富贵的许谎。但说谎的得好报，说必然的遭打。你……

“我愿意既不谎人，也不遭打。那么，老师，我得怎么说呢？”“那么，你得说：‘啊呀！这孩子呵！你瞧！多么……。啊唷！哈哈！Hehe！he，hehehehe！”扬魍克憧讨年闭尴攸擅篁馆僳肢聩荼鹈堋于坤跽肝峥辣剧称贷窖淖爹猩悒晨鳇蜡收腱瘳净低箕瘸蛩青玑凇孩埋滥雯缠柰吊弗蝶隔移泸诗统灿肢图痤貘淙涂臧种瞧嘤枇廨砹们渴绺韵邻痰焯幅霾筠式虬撅IdreamedthatwhilepreparingtowriteacompositioninaprimaryschoolclassroomIaskedtheteacherhowtopresentaview.“That’sahardnut,”saidtheteacher,givingmeasidelongglanceoverhisglasses.“Letmetellyouastory－”“Whenababyboyisborntoafamily,thereisimmensejoyinthewholehousehold.Whenheisonemonthold,theyinvitesomepeopleoverfortakingalookathim－customarily,ofcourse,inexpectationofsomegoodwishes.“Oneoftheguestsreceivedheartythanksforsaying,‘Thechildisdestinedtoberich.’“Anotherispaidsomecomplimentsinreturnforsaying,‘Thechildisdestinedtobeanofficial.’“Stillanother,however,isgivenasoundbeatingbythewholefamilyforsaying,‘Thechildwilleventuallydie.’“Tocallthechildmortalistostatetheinevitablewhiletosaythatthechildwillbecomeveryrichorahighofficialisprobablyalie.Yettheformergetsathrashingwhilethelatterisrewarded.You……”“Idon’twanttotellalie,andneitherdoIwanttobebeaten.ThenwhatshouldIdo,sir?”“Well,justsay,‘Ai-ya,thischild!Justlook!Oh,my!Hah!Hehe!He,hehehe!”所谓“生活”，简单地说，就是生下来就要活着，不想活你可就别生。可是生与不生，这由得了你么？中国人常说，“本人出生于某年某月某日”。“本人”真是了得，好像背着双手，迈着方步，逍遥自在地在后花园转悠了一圈，然后找个出口溜达了出来，“本人”来到这个世界似乎与生身之母全然没有了关系。这真是自大得可以。在这个问题上，欧洲人就被中国人实际得多。若他是1986年来到这个世界的，他则说Iwasbornin1986。翻译成中国话，则是“我是1986年被生出来的”。听起来似乎不如“我出生于1986年”顺耳，但却是大实话。对于中国人来说，讲大实话真是一个遥远的故事。欧洲人祝愿君主时说longlive，就是活得长久一些。通过保健养生，延年益寿，longlive是可能的，但却不能让你不死。这一点欧洲人很明白，所以他们不说“万寿无疆”，而说“活得长些”。中国人则截然不同，明知道“人生自古谁无死”，还偏要一本正经地高喊“万岁！万岁！万万岁！”。口是心非，大概就是这样的吧。01必须加快经济体制改革。还没有决定采取哪个方案。应当坚定不移地贯彻执行一国两制的政策。020301大家认为他是比较合适的人选。03众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。02有人看见他上课的时候溜出了教室。04数千年前人们就发现，血液在人体是循环的。在乡下，老师的工资常常被拖欠（arrear)。01海浪突然袭来，我被卷去好远。02这个罪犯理应受到惩罚。03所谓分译，即将原语中的一个较为复杂的句子翻译成目的语中两个或两个以上的句子，这样可以使译文结构简洁、语义清晰、意思明了。ThenorthernKoreansseemjustifiablyproudoftheirdiplomaticachievements.01Hehadlongbeenheldincordialcontemptbyhispeers;nowthatcontemptwasnolongercordial.01Hestalkedaway,butwithagnawinguncertaintyinhisbreast.01长期以来，同僚们（同事们）虽瞧他不起，却还友善。然而现在，友善不再，只有蔑视。01Stalk:walkwithslowstiffstrides(大步、阔步),especiallyinaproud,self-importantorthreateningway.02Hewalkedangrilyoutoftheroom:他悻悻然踱出房间03Hewalkedalongtheroad:他在路上得意地踱着方步。04Asasecrettrainingbaseforarevolutionarynewplane,itwasanexcellentsite,itsremotenesseffectivelymaskingitsactivity.Theirpowerincreasedwiththeirnumber.NixonarrivedinBeijingataripemomentinternationally.秘密训练全新机型，此地方位可谓绝佳。因其地处边陲，保密效果甚好。Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps:forthereisacompanionshipofbooksaswellasofmen.OnbehalfofallyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.12了解一个人，观其所读之书与所交之人即可。书有伴，人有朋。我谨代表所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，你们的盛情款待世所罕见。中国人民以其热情好客而闻名于世，真是当之无愧。几个月以后的一个晚上，昆塔和老爷于深夜才回到家里。贝尔看到他们两累得连她做好的美味晚餐都吃不下，心里的担心超过了气恼。WhenKuntagothomewiththemassawellintoonenightafewmonthslater,Bellwaslessirritatedthanconcernedthattheywerebothtootiredeventoeatthegoodsuppershe’dprepared.几个月后的一个晚上，昆塔和老爷深夜回到家。看到两人累得都无力享用她做的美味晚餐，贝尔的担忧超过了气恼。WeseektobeatthelifeandsouloutofHitlerandHitlerism－thatalone,thatallthetime,thattotheend.我们竭力要给希特勒和希特勒主义以狠狠打击，置之于死地。这是我们惟一所求的，这是我们时时刻刻力求实现的，不达目的，绝不罢休。我们要竭力打击希特勒和希特勒主义，要打他个灵魂出窍。这是我们惟一的追求，始终的目标，永远的目的。Butwhenthepoliticianortheengineerreferstooil,healmostalwaysmeansmineraloil,theoilthatdrivestanks,aeroplanesandwarships,motorcarsanddiesellocamotives,theoilthatisusedtolubricateallkindsofmachinery.可是当政治家或工程师谈到油的时候，他所指的几乎总是矿物油。这种油用来开坦克，开飞机，开军舰，开汽车，开柴油机车，可以用来润滑各种机械。0102可是当政治家或工程师谈到油的时候，他所指的几乎总是矿物油，即坦克、飞机、军舰、汽车、柴油机车所用之油及各种机械的润滑用油。他站起来腾出一把椅子请我坐下。（他站起来，腾出一把椅子，请我坐下。）Herosefromachairandofferedittome.Thenheaskedmetositdown.她又转身进屋，看见儿子仍站在那里伤心，心里感到内疚。Sheturnedandwentbackintotheroomwherehersonwasstillstandingandlookinghurt.Shefeltguilty.12345Yesterday,TodayandTomorrowBy:AuthorUnknownTodayisthetomorrowIworriedaboutyesterdayAndtodaywassuchalovelyday,thatIwonderedwhyIworriedabouttodayyesterdaySotodayIamnotgoingtoworryabouttomorrowTheremaynotbeatomorrowanywaySotodayIamgoingtoliveasifthereisnotomorrowAndIamgoingtoforgetaboutyesterday.TodayisthetomorrowIplannedforyesterdayAndnearlyallmyplansfortodaydidnotplanoutthewayIthoughttheywouldyesterdaySotodayIamforgettingabouttomorrowandIwillplanfortodayButnottoostrenuouslyTodayIwillstoptosmellaroseIwilltellalovedonehowmuchIloveherIwillstopplanningfortomorrowandplantomaketodaythebestdayofmylife.TodayisthetomorrowIwasafraidofyesterdayAndtodaywasnothingtobeafraidofSotodayIwillbanishfearoftheunknownIwillembracetheunknownasalearningexperiencefullofexcitingopportunitiesToday,unlikeyesterdayIwillnotfeartomorrow.TodayisthetomorrowIdreamedaboutyesterdayAndsomeofthedreamsIdreamtaboutyesterdaycametruetodaySotodayIamgoingtocontinuedreamingabouttomorrowAndperhapsmoreofthedreamsIdreamtodaywillcometruetomorrow.TodayisthetomorrowIsetgoalsforyesterdayAndIreachedsomeofthosegoalstodaySotodayIamgoingtosetslightlyhighergoalsfortodayandtomorrowAndiftomorrowturnsouttobeliketodayIwillcertainlyreachallofmygoalsoneday!Neverseektotellthylove,Lovethatnevertoldshallbe;ForthegentlewinddoesmoveSilently,invisibly.Itoldmylove,Itoldmylove,Itoldherallmyheart,Trembling,cold,inghastlyfears.Ah!Shediddepart!Soonaftershewasgonefromme,Atravelercameby,Silently,invisibly:Hetookherwithasigh.第八讲合并法在翻译中的应用（教材第14章）01所谓合并法，就是将原文两个或两个以上的句子合并译为一个句子，从而使译文更加简洁、紧凑。02Thefourmenhuddledthereandsaidnothing.Theydarednotsmoke.Theywouldnotmove.Myfatherisofmiddleheight.Heisstoutandstrong,withaseverelookonhisfaceandwithkeenexpressiveeyes.Iwasn’tanenemy,infactorinfeeling.Iwasanally.Darknessfell.Anexplosionshooktheearth.Itdidnotshakehiswilltogotothefront.Themanwasverymiserable.Hehadnomoney.Allhissavingshadbeenstolen.12345IfyouapplyforgraduatedegreeinShanghaiNormalUniversity,youshouldcontacttheUniversitydirectly.Ifastudentisonascholarship,heorshemaynothavetopayHECS.Ifyouh