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单元提升卷06Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld单元基础知识巩固I.拓展词汇变形n.体系;制度;系统→adj.系统的→adv.系统地vi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫……求助于→n.参考vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底部;根据→adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→adj.基本的;基础的n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→vi.不同;变化→adj.不同的;各种各样的vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi.增值→n.欣赏;感激;领会;重视n.尊重;关注vt.把……视为;看待→prep.关于adj.全球的;全世界的→adv.全球地;全世界地adj.特定的;明确的;具体的→adv.特定地;明确地;具体地adj.主要的;重要的;大的n.主修课程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究→n.多数;大多数vt.联系;讲述→adj.相关的;有联系的→n.关系;联系n.符号;象征→adj.象征的;象征性的→vt.象征;是……的象征n.文明;文明世界→adj.文明的n.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同样的→adv.相同地;同样地→n.平等n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问→adj.要求高的;苛求的n.描写(文字);形容→vt.描述;描写vt.联系;讲述→adj.相关的;有联系的→n.关系;联系II.核心短语互译对……的态度指的是;描述;提到;查阅注意追溯到浮沉;兴衰;荣辱因……著名被看作至关重要在……中起重要作用导致观点;看法适应;习惯于与……相关;涉及;谈到放弃做某事有困难取决于;依靠;依赖match...with..officiallanguagebeconnectedwithatthebeginningdevelopintoglobalaffairsnomatterwhere,who,what,etc.beconsideredtobeberelatedto一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1.Dividethecakeintoquartersandshareit(equal).2.Whenwe’reonholidayinCanada,welivelikethe(native).3.ThebananaisnativeTaiwan.4.Lookingafterbabiesisa(demand)job.5.Theworkersdemanded(tell)whathadhappenedtothefactory.6.Noonewillappreciate(treat)likeasecond-classcitizen.7.Hebegged(tell)thetruth,buthismotherrefusedtotellhim.8.Theconflicthaddevelopedintoastagethetwocountriesweregatheringbigtroopsontheborder.9.Thecouplejustgetsregisteredatthegovernmentoffice.Marriage(regard)asacardinalissuesinceancienttimes.10.YoucanreferthisdictionaryifyouhaveanydifficultyinlearningEnglish.11.The(major)ofthemdemandthatfoodandwatershouldbesuppliedintime.12.Ourschoolwillorganizesomecampusactivities,like“EnglishEvening”,aplatformstudentscanshowtheirEnglish.13.“Spongesbecomebiggerandbiggerovertime;anotherfossilpiece(date)backtoaround300millionyearsagowasalsorecentlydiscoveredinIreland,forexample.14.A(beg)issomeonewholivesbyaskingpeopleformoneyorfood.15.Whathestressedwasrelatedteenagers’education.16.Thepositioncallsfor(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.17.Thearticlegivesadetailed(describe)ofthebeautyofMountTianshan.18.Trendstowardthe(global)ofindustryhavedramaticallyaffectedfoodproductioninCalifornia.19.Atthattime,people(carve)somesymbolsonanimalbonesandshells.20.Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.21.Onthe(base)ofyourbasicknowledgeaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,IthinkiteasierforyoutounderstandTangpoems.22.Itisapitythatsomepeoplecan’tgobackhomeattheSpringFestivalfor(vary)reasons.23.Theyhavedevelopedtheirfriendshiptoastagetheysharehappinessandsufferings.24.Nomatterweare,weareabletokeepincontactwithlovedoneswithallsortsofcommunicationsoftware.25.TheofthestudentslookforwardtoinEnglishbecauseEnglishcanfindajobeasily.(major)26.Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavetrouble(improve)yourEnglishatthenewschool.27.thefactthatshewaswearingaseatbelt,shewasthrownsharplyforward.28.In(refer)tothetopicwedebatedyesterday,itisnogoodsayingmore.29.Heopensadoorwhichourimaginationentersanewworld,aworldoflove,beautyandheroism.30.Bonessymbolswerecarved,knownas“oraclebones”,havecontributedalottoourunderstandingofChina’spast.二、单词拼写31.Shepromisedtohelpmemoveintomynew(公寓套房)ontheweekend.32.Wouldyouliketotakethe(地铁)togetthere?33.Itwaslast(学期)thatIbegantoappreciateclassicworks.34.Ihavegivenaspecific(描述)ofthesymbolscarvedonthebone.35.Whatyousaidwascompletelyuntrue,andI(要求)animmediateapology.36.Forthisreason,learningFrenchisn’ta(费力的事)formeatall.37.Theactivitynotonlystrengthenedtheirfriendshipbutalsobuiltuptheir(性格).38.(尽管)theheavyrain,theywentonworkinghard.39.Itriedevery(方法)togetchildreninterestedinmyclass.40.Shemadea(n)(提及)toherpreviousexperienceintheindustryduringtheinterview.41.This(全球的)siteisaplaceforrunnerstosharetheirstoriesaboutrunning.42.Iwould(感激)itifyoucouldpayincash.43.Chinaisacountrywithalong(文明)of5000years.44.Thisculturalprogrammeisaimedtoencourageteenagerstoreadmore(经典作品).45.Notonlydidtheraceimproveourphysicalandpsychologicalquality,butitalsohelpedusbuildapositive(态度)towardslife.高考能力提升三、阅读理解“Learningaboutone’sownculture,aswellasthecultureofothers,isimportant,”saysSanamAkhlagh,whosetupPardisforChildren.LocatedinNewYorkCity,thenonprofitbringsIranian-Americanfamiliestogetherandoffersafter-schoolprogramsforchildrentolearnabouttheirheritage.ClassesexploreIranianmusic,art,andhistory,amongothertopics.Akhlaghhasalwaysbeeninterestedineducation,kids,andculture,Butshefeltavoid(空虚)beforesettingupPardisin2011.Shehadn’tbeenabletogettogetherwithfriendswhoshareherIranianheritageperiodically.Shealsothoughtherchildrenneededthatcommunity.“Iwantkidstoknowtheircultureandlanguage,”Akhlaghsaid,“Soifthey’reIranian,theyactuallyknowwhatthatmeans.”Butshealsowantsthemtocreateabond.“Iwantthemtobuildacommunitythatthey’llhopefullykeep,andstayfiendstogetherforyearstocome,”shesaid,“wantthemtohaveabeautiful,positivememory(回忆)relatedtoIraniancultureandthePersianlanguage.”Learningaboutyourowncultureandlanguage,andunderstandingotherculturesfromaroundtheworld,Akhlaghexplained,makesyouaricherandmoretolerant(宽容的)person.Italsomakesyouappreciateotherpeople’swayoflife.“Theexchangeofculturesisofgreatimportance,”Akhlaghsaid.“Itismuchhardertocallpeopleofcertaincountriesorculturesyourenemywhenyouactuallyknowthem.Whenyoueattheirfood,orwhenyoudancetotheirmusictogether,whenyoureadtheirliterature,itbecomesmorereal,andyoustartappreciatingeveryone.”Whenaskedheradviceforyoungpeople,Akhlaghencouragedexplorationanddiscovery.“Ifyouhavetheopportunity,alwaysbecurioustomakefriends,”shesaid.“Gettoknowpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbecurious.Alwaystrytoknowmoreandtravel.”46.WhatisthepurposeofPardisforChildren?A.Toenrichchildren’ssociallife. B.Toimprovechildren’sartisticabilities.C.ToeducatechildrenonIranianculture. D.Todevelopchildren’slovefortheircountry.47.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bond”meaninparagraph4?A.Custom. B.Program. C.Relationship. D.Schedule.48.WhatdoesAkhlaghthinkoftheexchangeofcultures?A.Itisawayoflife. B.Itcanpromotepeace.C.Itisachancetogrow D.Itincreasesyourwealth.49.WhatisAkhlagh’sadviceforyoungpeople?A.Caringmoreabouttheirfriends. B.Beingopentodifferentcultures.C.Takingeveryopportunitytostudy. D.Feelingconfidentaboutmakingfriends.Theprodigiousabilityofourspeciestorapidlyassimilatevocabulary,expandingfromamere300lexemesbythetenderageoftwotoanimpressiverepertoireexceeding1,000bytheageoffour,remainsasubjectofprofoundenigma.Certainscholarsintherealmsofcognitivescienceandlinguisticshavepositedthatthehumanmindenterstheworldequippedwithinnatecognitivepredispositionsandlogicalparametersthatfacilitatethislinguisticfeat.However,recentadvancementsinthesphereofmachinelearninghaveunveiledthepotentialforswiftacquisitionofsemanticunderstandingfromsparsedata,eschewingtheneedforpreconceived,hardwiredassumptions.Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.Thoughthisrepresentsbutaminusculefractionofachild’sdevelopmentalchronicle,ittranspiresthatthiswassufficientlyinformativetoprompttheAIindiscerningthesignificanceofselectvocables.Theserevelationsintimatethattheprocessoflinguisticacquisitionmaybemorestraightforwardthanhithertopresumed.Itisconceivablethatthejuvenileminddoesnotnecessitateatailor-made,sophisticatedlinguisticapparatustoadeptlyapprehendtheessenceofwords,positsJessicaSullivan,anadjunctprofessorofpsychologyatSkidmoreCollege.“Thisisanexceptionallyelegantinquiry,”shearticulates,asitpresentscorroborativeevidencethatrudimentarydataextractedfromachild’sperspectiveissufficientlyabundanttoinitiatetheprocessesofpatternrecognitionandlexicalassimilation.Therecentscholarlyendeavoralsoillustratestheplausibilityofmachinesemulatingthelearningmodalitiesinherenttohumancognition.Vastlinguisticmodelsaretypicallynurturedoncolossaldatasetsencompassingbillions,ifnottrillions,oflexicalpermutations.Instarkcontrast,humanbeingsmanagewithasignificantlyreducedinformationalintake,asarticulatedbytheprincipalscribeofthestudy,WaiKeenVong.Withtheappropriategenreofdata,thechasmseparatingmachineandhumanlearningcouldbesubstantiallybridged.Nevertheless,furtherinvestigationiswarrantedinselectdimensionsofthispioneeringresearch.Thesavantsconcedethattheirfindingsdonotconclusivelyelucidatethemechanismsbywhichchildrenamassvocabulary.Additionally,thestudy’spurviewwasconfinedtotheidentificationofnounspertainingtotangibleentities.Despitetheselimitations,thisrepresentsastridetowardamoreprofoundcomprehensionofourowncognitivefaculties,whichmayultimatelycontributetotheenhancementofhumanpedagogicalpractices,accordingtoEvaPortelance,ascholarincomputationallinguistics.SheremarksthatAIresearchhasthepotentialtoshedlightonenigmaticqueriesaboutouressencethathavepersistedovertime.“Wecanharnesstheseparadigmsinasalutarymanner,totheadvantageofscientificdiscoveryandsocietalprogress,”Portelancefurtherelaborates.50.Whatisasignificantfindingofmachine-learningresearch?A.Vocabularyincreasesgraduallywithage.B.Vocabularycanbeacquiredfromminimaldata.C.Languageacquisitionistiedtobuilt-inexpectations.D.Languageacquisitionisascomplexasformerlyassumed.51.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inparagraph2mean?A.Facilitate. B.Persuade. C.Advise. D.Expect.52.Whatisdiscussedaboutthenewresearchinparagraph5?A.Itslimitations. B.Itsstrengths.C.Itsuniqueness. D.Itsprocess.53.WhatisEvaPortelance’sattitudetotheAIresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Cautious. C.Dismissive. D.Positive.四、完形填空Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple54.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe55dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhom,who’sinandwho’soutandwhy;howtodealwithdifficult56situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnaturalwastersofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It’snot57accordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally58issues.Dunbar59thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—60,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe61ofthehigherprimates(灵长类动物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming—cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor62fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar63thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe64itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto65thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe66tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore67kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal(有声的)groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one68contact.54.A.mission B.radiation C.comparison D.gossip55.A.occasionally B.merely C.habitually D.originally56.A.social B.political C.historical D.leisurely57.A.thecase B.thequestion C.theissue D.thekey58.A.financial B.sensitive C.royal D.vital59.A.confirms B.outlines C.dismisses D.broadens60.A.forinstance B.onthecontrary C.inaddition D.asaresult61.A.motivation B.motive C.emotion D.behaviour62.A.inspection B.harmony C.attack D.assistance63.A.convinces B.comprises C.confesses D.concludes64.A.prospect B.protection C.maintenance D.luxury65.A.discipline B.bother C.maintain D.ease66.A.cast B.consumed C.extended D.floated67.A.common B.efficient C.scientific
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