2024年高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词语法突破训练含解析

PAGE非谓语动词非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式tobedoing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeingdone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成考点一非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1．作目的状语，可用soasto/inorderto替换，但soasto一般不行置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。例：DuringtheMid－AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogethertoshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。2．作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：onlytodo(表示意想不到的结果)；enoughtodo(足够做……)；too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。例：Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发觉他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。作缘由状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中。这类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。例：Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这台机器很简单操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会运用它。留意：语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需留意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必需是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。二、分词作状语分词作状语时，可以表时间、缘由、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一样。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。例：Around13，500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,exceedingtheexpectednumberof12，000heldbymarketanalysts.在这期间，大约创建13500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12000的预期数量。Ordinarysoap,usedcorrectly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.假如正确运用的话，一般肥皂可以有效地歼灭细菌。留意：某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且常用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。常见的有located(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buriedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着),tiredof(厌烦的),facedwith(面对着)等，无论它们在句中作何种成分都不用其­ing形式。例：Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于用心绘画，约翰没有留意到夜幕正在驾临 。三、独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：独立成分意义generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)一般来说honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking醇厚说/大体说/严格说franklyspeaking/tobefrank坦白说judgingfrom/by依据……来推断oconsideration/account考虑到……considering/seeing/given...考虑到……totellthetruth/tobehonest说实话comparedwith/by与……相比tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是例：Tobehonest,thepayisn’tattractiveenough,thoughthejobitselfisquiteinteresting.说实话，尽管这份工作本身很好玩，但这个酬劳不是很吸引人。四、独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立主格，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当敏捷，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、缘由、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有：1．名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动)例：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.假如天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上课用心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。2．with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)例：Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly­electedpresidentishavingahardtime.有很多的难题要解决，这位新选的总统正度过一段艰难的日子。Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.约翰收到了一张宴会的请柬，由于工作做完了，他很乐意地接受了。Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisegoingon.在这么多噪音的环境下，我没法做作业。考点二非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1．不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。例：Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.下个月将上演的这部戏剧主要目的是反映当地文化。留意：不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。例：Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.突然她想到了一个好办法，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。2.序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。例：Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校，最终一个离校。3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。例：Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增加意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。留意：不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式运用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式运用被动式。例：Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)二、分词作定语1．作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例：TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.清华高校建立于1911年，是很多杰出人物的摇篮。Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。2．作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。fallingleaves正在落下的叶子(表正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(表完成)留意：非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示主动、尚未进行用todo；表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedone。试比较：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2024wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.考点三非谓语动词作宾语1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish；refuse,manage，care,pretend主动答应选安排，同意恳求帮一帮offer,promise,choose,plan；agree,ask/beg,help例：Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandcomprehensivereviewofthecase.警官们确定对这起案件进行一次周密而全面的审查。留意：动词learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,findout等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：考虑建议盼宽恕，承认推迟没得想consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancy避开错过接着练，否认完成就观赏avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避开forbid/avoid,imagine,risk；can’thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape例：Thereisnodoubtthattheeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity.毫无疑问，这次活动将吸引更多的游客来参观这个漂亮的城市。留意：allow,permit,forbid,advise后需加动名词作宾语，但假如后面出名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allow/permit/forbid/advise((。3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)trytodo尽力做……；trydoing试着去做……；(2)meantodo准备做……；meandoing意味着……；(3)regrettodo缺憾要去做……；regretdoing懊悔做过……；(4)remembertodo记得去做……；rememberdoing记得做过……；(5)forgettodo遗忘去做……；forgetdoing遗忘做了……例：IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。IrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.我离开办公室之前记得关门却遗忘关灯了。留意：动词want,need,require作“须要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/getusedto(习惯于),feellike(想要),insiston(坚持),getdownto(起先仔细做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反对),stickto(坚持),giveup(放弃)等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。例：Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlybydescribingvarioussounds.作者主要是通过描绘各种声音起先叙述自己的森林之旅的。留意：当非谓语动词位于but,except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。例：Wehadnochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待之外别无选择。Icoulddonothingexceptagree.我除了同意，什么都做不了。考点四非谓语动词作宾补一、不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。例：Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.假如我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必需给他们可以依靠的选择。留意：有些动词，如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand等后常用tobe作宾补或主补。例：Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard­workingpeopleintheworld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。例：Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。二、分词作宾补1．现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。例：Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？2．过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。例：JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishimprovedinashortperiod.珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。留意：使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：(1)havesth.done＝getsth.done让别人做某事(2)havesb./sth.doing让……始终做某事；getsb./sth.doing使……起先做某事(3)havesb.dosth.＝getsb.todosth.让某人做某事(4)havesb.doing用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。例：Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在开车进城之前，你须要找人洗洗车。考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语一、不定式作主语和表语1．不定式作主语时，一般表示详细某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremainsilent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持缄默会更好。2．不定式作表语时：(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。例：Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis(to)improvemyEnglish.我在中学最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。(假如前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to)二、动名词作主语和表语1．动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。例：TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既好玩又有益的经验。2．常用于动名词作主语的句型：(1)It’sawasteoftimedoing...(2)It’snouse/gooddoing...(3)Itisuselessdoing...(4)Thereisnodoing...例：It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不实行行动而只是埋怨是没用的。留意：不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中常常出现的错误。Ⅰ.单句语法填空依据句意和结构，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Ilikestayinguplate，________(watch)TV，surfingtheInternetordoingsomethingI'mfondof.2.FinallyIrefusedtoattendclasses，_______(shut)myselfinmyroomforhours.3.Astheresearchersexpected，30%ofthechefs________(survey)saidthattheirbestmealasakidwasstillwhattheylikedthemostasanadult.4.However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway________(practice)ourdebatingskills.5.IfyouspeaktoalocalaboutyourstayinChengdu,they'llprobablyaskifyou'vetriedhotpot.Everyone________(live)hereseemstoloveit,andtryingitshouldbeafixedpartofeveryone'sculinarytourofSichuan.6.Hongcun，________(fill)withlakesandbeautifulAnhui-stylebuildings，is900yearsold.Itwasbuilttolooklikeabigox.HuangshanMountainisthehead;thetownisthebodyandthebridgesarelegs.7.Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsider________(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.8.Nextkeepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymean________(accept)theactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.9.SilkRoadtradestraveledtogetherinlongcaravans(旅行队)ofcamels.Thismodeoftravelprovidedprotectionfromrobberswhomightattempt________(rob)thevaluablegoodsbeingtransported.10.Today,youcanfindastatueofJohnHarvard________(stand)infrontoftheUniversityHallinHarvardYard,anditisperhapstheUniversity'sbest________(know)landmark.11.Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson________(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.12.Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures,itisimportant________(understand)whatyoucanandcannotdo.13.DuringtheQindynasty，tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire，EmperorQinShihuanghadallthewalls________(join)up.14.Butby1955,paintingswerebeginningtobecomedifficult________(see).15.AlongtheSilkRoadroute,Xi’anandGansuaresuitabletovisitallyearround.Thebesttime________(visit)XinjiangisfromMaytoOctoberbecausetheweatherismild.16.Nobodyknowsexactlyhowthesebirdsfindtheirwaythereandbackoversuchvastdistance，butithassomething________(do)withwindsandaircurrents.17.BecauseallthefamymemberscanspeakfluentEnglishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities,I'msureyouwillhavenotrouble________(communicate)withthem.18.AtthetopofHaleakala.________(look)downinsidewhatisthemostactivepartofthevolcano，wecanseethatthevolcanohasleftthousandsofdifferentshapesoflava(熔岩)stoneeversince.19.Manyofusignoretheproblemasthedaygoeson，________(forget)thatitmighthaveadangerouseffect.20.OnegreatsiteisScienceNewsforKids.Thissitereportssciencenews________(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.21.Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount________(require)bydoctors.22.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto________(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.23.________(realize)itwasourlasthigh-schoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.24.Greatly________(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.25.Shefirstcameacrossthisphenomenonwhile________(research)NorthAmericanchildrenlivinginIndia.26.________(compare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees,TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.27.Formanyyoungpeople,________(go)touniversityisoneofthemostimportantstagesoftheirlives.28.ShefailedthisEnglishexaminationagain.Thisisbecauseshesometimeshastrouble________(pay)attentiontoherstudy.29.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，________(make)airconditioningunnecessary.30.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlfromGuangdong,wasafraidofexams.Shewouldgetveryupsetwiththeexampaper________(lie)infrontofher.31.Failingto________(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.32.Long________(consider)amasterpieceofChineseliterature,thenovelisgenerallyacknowledgedtobethepeakofChinesefiction.33.Once________(build)，Xiong'anNewAreawillreducetheburdenofBeijingheavily.34.Itisverydifficultforparentstodecidewhether________(have)asecondchildornot.35.TheYangtzeRiver,________(know)inChinaastheChangJiangisthelongestriverinAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.36.Youloseweightforawhile,only________(gain)backmoreweightwhenyoustopyourweightlossprogram.37.Thereisa________(grow)tendencynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur.38.The15-year-oldfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudiencesintheU.S.andChinawithhisability________(sing)pitch-perfectMandarin(一般话)andperformtheancientChineseartform.Ⅱ.单句改错下面每句各有一处错误，请在原句标出后把答案写在句子后面的横线上。1.Ialsonoticedthattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell，andalwayshadtheirhairandmake-updo.2.Asweallknow，wecanmeetwithvariouschallengesinourlife.Facingwithchallenges,whatshouldwedo?3.Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.4.Iamwritingtokeepyouinformingofsomethingabouttheseveresituationthattheyarefacedwithpresently.5.Asforme,IamlookingforwardtospendthisprecioustimewithmyfamilybeforeIleaveformycollege.6.Theysendletterstobusinesses,goingtojobinterviews，andasktheirfriendsandrelativesforhelp.7.Besides,thereisalongholidaywaitsformeaftertheGaokao.AndIcantravelanywhereIlikethen.8.We'renevergoingtohaveenoughtimeexploreeverything!9.SoIwouldliketoadviseyounottohurtyourselftotryingtomakemoney.10.LaterIbecameaccustomedtotalkwithpeoplefromvariouscultures.11.Locatinginabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehouseisbigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.12.However，whatstillmakesmepuzzlingishowtomakemydreamtogotoatopuniversitycometrue.13.ThevisitorstoBritainmayfindthemostmarvellousplaceenjoyingthelocalcultureisinatraditionalpub.14.TheChineserestaurantnamingNewPandaBuffetprovidesgenuineChinesefood，whichmanydinershavegiven5-starreviews.15.LastSundaywasmybirthday，solinvitedsomeguysgooutwithmeforacelebration.16.Ifthereisnoaiminourlives,wewillgetlose.17.Afterwaitingforanhour,Katawenthome,feltlonelyandmiserable.18.I,togetherwithmytwofriends,waseatingataChineserestaurant,locatinginthecenterofNewYork.Ⅲ.语篇填空(非谓语动词)用括号内动词的正确形式填空。ADoyoulike1.________(travel)?2.________(stay)healthywhile3.________(travel)canhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.Herearethetipsyouneed4.________(make)yourtripmucheasier.Makesureyouhavegota5.________(sign)passportandvisa.Also,beforeyougo,fillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport!Maketwocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage.Thiswillhelpalotifyourpassportis6.________(steal).Leaveonecopyathomewithfriendsorrelatives.Carrytheotherwithyouinaseparateplacefromyourpassport.Readthepublicannouncementsortravelwarningsforthecountriesyouplan7.________(visit).Getyourself8.________(inform)oflocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyouaretravelling.Leaveacopyofyouritinerary(旅行日程)withfamilyorfriendsathomesothatyoucanbe9.________(contact)incaseofanemergency.Donotacceptpackages10.________(give)fromstrangers.Donotcarrytoomuchmoneyorunnecessarycreditcards.Ifyoumakeenoughpreparations,youwillsucceed.Haveagoodtime!BGoodafternoon,mydearfriends.MynameisLiJin.TodayI'mveryglad1.________(have)thechance2.________(run)forvicepresidentoftheEnglishClub.Concerningtheposition,Ifeelqualified3.________(take)thejob.First,Ihavegainedalotofexperienceinmanagementandhavewonwidepraisefrommyclassmatesformyjobasmonitor.Second,I’mawarm-heartedboyandalwaysreadytohelpothers.Third，Iamgoodat4.________(organize)allkindsofactivitiesandhavesuccessfullyheldanumberofEnglishcorners.5.________(look)