化学手册常用数据

/无机酸在水溶液中的解离常数（25℃）名称化学式KapKa备注偏铝酸HAlO26.3×10-1312.20亚砷酸H3AsO36.0×10-109.22砷酸H3AsO46.3×10-3(K1)2.201.05×10-7(K2)6.983.2×10-12(K3)11.50硼酸H3BO35.8×10-10(K1)9.241.8×10-13(K212.741.6×10-14(K3)13.80次溴酸HBrO2.4×10-98.62氢氰酸HCN6.2×10-109.21碳酸H2CO34.2×10-7(K1)6.385.6×10-11(K210.25次氯酸HClO3.2×10-87.50氢氟酸HF6.61×10-43.18锗酸H2GeO31.7×10-9(K1)8.781.9×10-13(K212.72高碘酸HIO42.8×10-21.56亚硝酸HNO25.1×10-43.29次磷酸H3PO25.9×10-21.23亚磷酸H3PO35.0×10-2(K1)1.302.5×10-7(K26.60磷酸H3PO47.52×10-3(K1)2.126.31×10-8(K27.204.4×10-13(K3)12.36焦磷酸H4P2O73.0×10-2(K1)1.524.4×10-3(K22.362.5×10-7(K3)6.605.6×10-10(K4)9.25氢硫酸H2S1.3×10-7(K1)6.887.1×10-15(K214.15亚硫酸H2SO31.23×10-2(K1)1.916.6×10-8(K27.18硫酸H2SO41.0×103(K1)-3.01.02×10-2(K21.99硫代硫酸H2S2O32.52×10-1(K1)0.601.9×10-2(K21.72氢硒酸H2Se1.3×10-4(K1)3.891.0×10-11(K211.0亚硒酸H2SeO32.7×10-3(K1)2.572.5×10-7(K26.60硒酸H2SeO41×103(K1)-3.01.2×10-2(K21.92硅酸H2SiO31.7×10-10(K1)9.771.6×10-12(K211.80亚碲酸H2TeO32.7×10-3(K1)2.571.8×10-8(K27.74一些重要的物理常数真空中的光速C=2.99792458×108m.电子的电荷e=1.60217733×10-19原子质量单位u=1.6605402×10-27质子静质量mp=1.6726231×10-27中子静质量mn=1.6749543×10-27电子静质量me=9.1093897×10-31理想气体摩尔体积Vm=2.241410×10-2m3.摩尔气体常数R=8.314510J.mol-1.k-1阿佛加德罗常数NA=6.0221367×1023mol-1里德堡常数R∞=1.0973731534×107法拉第常数F=9.6485309×104mol-1普朗克常数h=6.6260755×10-34J.s玻尔兹曼常数k=1.380658×10-23J.k-1有机酸在水溶液中的解离常数（25℃）名称化学式KapKa甲酸HCOOH1.8×10-43.75乙酸CH3COOH1.74×10-54.76乙醇酸CH2(OH)COOH1.48×10-43.83草酸(COOH)25.4×10-2(K1)1.275.4×10-5(K24.27甘氨酸CH2(NH2)COOH1.7×10-109.78一氯乙酸CH2ClCOOH1.4×10-32.86二氯乙酸CHCl2COOH5.0×10-21.30三氯乙酸CCl3COOH2.0×10-10.70丙酸CH3CH2COOH1.35×10-54.87丙烯酸CH2═CHCOOH5.5×10-54.26乳酸(丙醇酸)CH3CHOHCOOH1.4×10-43.86丙二酸HOCOCH2COOH1.4×10-3(K1)2.852.2×10-6(K25.662-丙炔酸HC≡CCOOH1.29×10-21.89甘油酸HOCH2CHOHCOOH2.29×10-43.64丙酮酸CH3COCOOH3.2×10-32.49a-丙胺酸CH3CHNH2COOH1.35×10-109.87b-丙胺酸CH2NH2CH2COOH4.4×10-1110.36正丁酸CH3(CH2)2COOH1.52×10-54.82异丁酸(CH3)2CHCOOH1.41×10-54.853-丁烯酸CH2═CHCH2COOH2.1×10-54.68异丁烯酸CH2═C(CH2)COOH2.2×10-54.66反丁烯二酸(富马酸)HOCOCH═CHCOOH9.3×10-4(K1)3.033.6×10-5(K24.44顺丁烯二酸(马来酸)HOCOCH═CHCOOH1.2×10-2(K1)1.925.9×10-7(K26.23酒石酸HOCOCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH1.04×10-3(K1)2.984.55×10-5(K24.34正戊酸CH3(CH2)3COOH1.4×10-54.86异戊酸(CH3)2CHCH2COOH1.67×10-54.782-戊烯酸CH3CH2CH═CHCOOH2.0×10-54.703-戊烯酸CH3CH═CHCH2COOH3.0×10-54.524-戊烯酸CH2═CHCH2CH2COOH2.10×10-54.677戊二酸HOCO(CH2)3COOH1.7×10-4(K1)3.778.3×10-7(K26.08谷氨酸HOCOCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH7.4×10-3(K1)2.134.9×10-5(K24.314.4×10-10(K3)9.358正己酸CH3(CH2)4COOH1.39×10-54.86异己酸(CH3)2CH(CH2)3—COOH1.43×10-54.85(E)-2-己烯酸H(CH2)3CH═CHCOOH1.8×10-54.74(E)-3-己烯酸CH3CH2CH═CHCH2COOH1.9×10-54.72己二酸HOCOCH2CH2CH2CH2COOH3.8×10-5(K1)4.423.9×10-6(K25.41柠檬酸HOCOCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH27.4×10-4(K1)3.131.7×10-5(K24.764.0×10-7(K3)6.40苯酚C6H5OH1.1×10-109.96邻苯二酚(o)C6H4(OH)23.6×10-109.451.6×10-1312.8间苯二酚(m)C6H4(OH)23.6×10-10(K1)9.308.71×10-12(K211.06对苯二酚(p)C6H4(OH)21.1×10-109.962,4,6-三硝基苯酚2,4,6-(NO2)3C6H25.1×10-10.29葡萄糖酸CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH1.4×10-43.86苯甲酸C6H5COOH6.3×10-54.20水杨酸C6H4(OH)COOH1.05×10-3(K1)2.984.17×10-13(K212.38邻硝基苯甲酸(o)NO2C6H46.6×10-32.18间硝基苯甲酸(m)NO2C6H43.5×10-43.46对硝基苯甲酸(p)NO2C6H43.6×10-43.44邻苯二甲酸(o)C6H4(COOH)21.1×10-3(K1)2.964.0×10-6(K25.40间苯二甲酸(m)C6H4(COOH)22.4×10-4(K1)3.622.5×10-5(K24.60对苯二甲酸(p)C6H4(COOH)22.9×10-4(K1)3.543.5×10-5(K24.461,3,5-苯三甲酸C6H3(COOH)37.6×10-3(K1)2.127.9×10-5(K24.106.6×10-6(K3)5.18苯基六羧酸C6(COOH)62.1×10-1(K1)0.686.2×10-3(K22.213.0×10-4(K3)3.528.1×10-6(K4)5.094.8×10-7(K5)6.323.2×10-8(K6)7.49癸二酸HOOC(CH2)8COOH2.6×10-5(K1)4.592.6×10-6(K25.59乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)CH2—N(CH2COOH)2∣CH2—N(CH2COOH)21.0×10-2(K1)2.02.14×10-3(K22.676.92×10-7(K3)6.165.5×10-11(K4)10.26无机碱在水溶液中的解离常数（25℃）名称化学式KbpKb氢氧化铝Al(OH)31.38×10-9(K3)8.86氢氧化银AgOH1.10×10-43.96氢氧化钙Ca(OH)23.72×10-32.433.98×10-21.40氨水NH3+H2O1.78×10-54.75肼（联氨）N2H4+H2O9.55×10-7(K1)6.021.26×10-15(K214.9羟氨NH2OH+H2O9.12×10-98.04氢氧化铅Pb(OH)29.55×10-4(K1)3.023.0×10-8(K27.52氢氧化锌Zn(OH)29.55×10-43.02有机碱在水溶液中的解离常数（25℃）名称化学式KbpKb甲胺CH3NH24.17×10-43.38尿素（脲）CO(NH2)21.5×10-1413.82乙胺CH3CH2NH24.27×10-43.37乙醇胺H2N(CH2)2OH3.16×10-54.50乙二胺H2N(CH2)2NH28.51×10-5(K1)4.077.08×10-8(K27.15二甲胺(CH3)2NH5.89×10-43.23三甲胺(CH3)3N6.31×10-54.20三乙胺(C2H5)3N5.25×10-43.28丙胺C3H7NH23.70×10-43.432异丙胺i-C3H7NH24.37×10-43.361,3-丙二胺NH2(CH2)3NH22.95×10-4(K1)3.533.09×10-6(K25.511,2-丙二胺CH3CH(NH2)CH2NH25.25×10-5(K1)4.284.05×10-8(K27.393三丙胺(CH3CH2CH2)3N4.57×10-43.34三乙醇胺(HOCH2CH2)3N5.75×10-76.24丁胺C4H9NH24.37×10-43.36异丁胺C4H9NH22.57×10-43.59叔丁胺C4H9NH24.84×10-43.315己胺H(CH2)6NH24.37×10-43.36辛胺H(CH2)8NH24.47×10-43.35苯胺C6H5NH23.98×10-109.40苄胺C7H9N2.24×10-54.65环己胺C6H11NH24.37×10-43.36吡啶C5H5N1.48×10-98.83六亚甲基四胺(CH2)6N41.35×10-98.872-氯酚C6H5ClO3.55×10-65.453-氯酚C6H5ClO1.26×10-54.904-氯酚C6H5ClO2.69×10-54.57邻氨基苯酚(o)H2NC6H4OH5.2×10-54.281.9×10-54.72间氨基苯酚(m)H2NC6H4OH7.4×10-54.136.8×10-54.17对氨基苯酚(p)H2NC6H4OH2.0×10-43.703.2×10-65.50邻甲苯胺(o)CH3C6H4NH2.82×10-109.55间甲苯胺(m)CH3C6H4NH5.13×10-109.29对甲苯胺(p)CH3C6H4NH1.20×10-98.928-羟基喹啉(20℃)8-HO—C9H6N6.5×10-54.19二苯胺(C6H5)2NH7.94×10-1413.1联苯胺H2NC6H4C6H4NH5.01×10-10(K1)9.304.27×10-11(K210.37pH标准缓冲溶液名称配制不同温度时的pH值0℃5℃10℃15℃20℃25℃30℃35℃40℃草酸盐标准缓冲溶液c[KH3(C2O4)2·2H2O]为0.05mol/L。称取12.71g四草酸钾[KH3(C2O4)2·2H2O]溶于无二氧化碳的水中，稀释至1000ml1.671.671.671.671.681.681.691.691.69不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)45℃50℃55℃60℃70℃80℃90℃95℃-1.701.711.721.721.741.771.791.81-酒石酸盐标准缓冲溶液在25℃时，用无二氧化碳的水溶解外消旋的酒石酸氢钾(KHC4H4O6)，并剧烈振摇至成饱和溶液不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)0℃5℃10℃15℃20℃25℃30℃35℃40℃3.563.553.553.55不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)45℃50℃55℃60℃70℃80℃90℃95℃-3.553.553.553.563.583.613.653.67-苯二甲酸氢盐标准缓冲溶液c(C6H4CO2HCO2K)为0.05mol/L，称取于(115.0±5.0)℃干燥2～3h的邻苯二甲酸氢钾（KHC8H4O4）10.21g，溶于无CO2的蒸馏水，并稀释至1000ml（注：可用于酸度计校准）不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)0℃5℃10℃15℃20℃25℃30℃35℃40℃4.004.004.004.004.004.014.014.024.04不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)45℃50℃55℃60℃70℃80℃90℃95℃-4.054.064.084.094.134.164.214.23-磷酸盐标准缓冲溶液分别称取在(115.0±5.0)℃干燥2～3h的磷酸氢二钠（Na2HPO4）(3．53±0．01)g和磷酸二氢钾（KH2PO4）(3．39±0．01)g，溶于预先煮沸过15～30min并迅速冷却的蒸馏水中，并稀释至1000ml（注：可用于酸度计校准）不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)0℃5℃10℃15℃20℃25℃30℃35℃40℃6.986.956.926.906.886.866.856.846.84不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)45℃50℃55℃60℃70℃80℃90℃95℃-6.836.836.836.846.856.866.886.89-硼酸盐标准缓冲溶液c(Na2B4O7·10H2O)称取硼砂（Na2B4O7·10H2O）(3．80±0．01)g（注意：不能烘！），溶于预先煮沸过15～30min并迅速冷却的蒸馏水中，并稀释至1000ml。置聚乙烯塑料瓶中密闭保存。存放时要防止空气中的CO2的进入（注：可用于酸度计校准）不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)0℃5℃10℃15℃20℃25℃30℃35℃40℃9.469.409.339.279.229.189.149.109.06不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)45℃50℃55℃60℃70℃80℃90℃95℃-9.049.018.998.968.928.898.858.83-氢氧化钙标准缓冲溶液在25℃，用无二氧化碳的蒸馏水制备氢氧化钙的饱和溶液。氢氧化钙溶液的浓度c[1/2Ca(OH)2]应在（0.0400～0.0412）mol/L。氢氧化钙溶液的浓度可以酚红为指示剂，用盐酸标准溶液[c(HCl)=0.1mol/L]滴定测出。存放时要防止空气中的二氧化碳的进入。出现混浊应弃去重新配制不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)0℃5℃10℃15℃20℃25℃30℃35℃40℃13.4213.2113.0012.8112.6312.4512.3012.1411.98不同温度时的pH值(pHindifferenttemperatures)45℃50℃55℃60℃70℃80℃90℃95℃-11.8411.7111.5711.45

难溶化合物的溶度积常数序号分子式KsppKsp(-lgKsp)序号分子式KsppKsp(-lgKsp)1Ag3AsO41.0×10-2222.095Hg2Cl21.3×10-1817.882AgBr5.0×10-1312.396HgC2O41.0×10-77.03AgBrO35.50×10-54.2697Hg2CO38.9×10-1716.054AgCl1.8×10-109.7598Hg2(CN)25.0×10-4039.35AgCN1.2×10-1615.9299Hg2CrO42.0×10-98.706Ag2CO38.1×10-1211.09100Hg2I24.5×10-2928.357Ag2C2O3.5×10-1110.46101HgI22.82×10-2928.558Ag2Cr2O41.2×10-1211.92102Hg2(IO3)22.0×10-1413.719Ag2Cr2O72.0×10-76.70103Hg2(OH)22.0×10-2423.710AgI8.3×10-1716.08104HgSe1.0×10-5959.011AgIO33.1×10-87.51105HgS(红)4.0×10-5352.412AgOH2.0×10-87.71106HgS(黑)1.6×10-5251.813Ag2MoO42.8×10-1211.55107Hg2WO41.1×10-1716.9614Ag3PO41.4×10-1615.84108Ho(OH)35.0×10-2322.3015Ag2S6.3×10-5049.2109In(OH)31.3×10-3736.916AgSCN1.0×10-1212.00110InPO42.3×10-2221.6317Ag2SO31.5×10-1413.82111In2S35.7×10-7473.2418Ag2SO41.4×10-54.84112La2(CO3)33.98×10-3433.419Ag2Se2.0×10-6463.7113LaPO43.98×10-2322.4320Ag2SeO31.0×10-1515.00114Lu(OH)31.9×10-2423.7221Ag2SeO45.7×10-87.25115Mg3(AsO4)22.1×10-2019.6822AgVO35.0×10-76.3116MgCO33.5×10-87.4623Ag2WO45.5×10-1211.26117MgCO3·3H2O2.14×10-54.6724Al(OH)3①4.57×10-3332.34118Mg(OH)21.8×10-1110.7425AlPO46.3×10-1918.24119Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O6.31×10-2625.226Al2S32.0×10-76.7120Mn3(AsO4)21.9×10-2928.7227Au(OH)35.5×10-4645.26121MnCO31.8×10-1110.7428AuCl33.2×10-2524.5122Mn(IO3)24.37×10-76.3629AuI31.0×10-4646.0123Mn(OH)41.9×10-1312.7230Ba3(AsO4)28.0×10-5150.1124MnS(粉红)2.5×10-109.631BaCO35.1×10-98.29125MnS(绿)2.5×10-1312.632BaC2O41.6×10-76.79126Ni3(AsO4)23.1×10-2625.5133BaCrO41.2×10-109.93127NiCO36.6×10-98.1834Ba3(PO4)23.4×10-2322.44128NiC2O44.0×10-109.435BaSO41.1×10-109.96129Ni(OH)2(新)2.0×10-1514.736BaS2O31.6×10-54.79130Ni3(PO4)25.0×10-3130.337BaSeO32.7×10-76.57131α-NiS3.2×10-1918.538BaSeO43.5×10-87.46132β-NiS1.0×10-2424.039Be(OH)2②1.6×10-2221.8133γ-NiS2.0×10-2625.740BiAsO44.4×10-109.36134Pb3(AsO4)24.0×10-3635.3941Bi2(C2O4)33.98×10-3635.4135PbBr24.0×10-54.4142Bi(OH)34.0×10-3130.4136PbCl21.6×10-54.7943BiPO41.26×10-2322.9137PbCO37.4×10-1413.1344CaCO32.8×10-98.54138PbCrO42.8×10-1312.5545CaC2O4·H2O4.0×10-98.4139PbF22.7×10-87.5746CaF22.7×10-1110.57140PbMoO41.0×10-1313.047CaMoO44.17×10-87.38141Pb(OH)21.2×10-1514.9348Ca(OH)25.5×10-65.26142Pb(OH)43.2×10-6665.4949Ca3(PO4)22.0×10-2928.70143Pb3(PO4)38.0×10-4342.1050CaSO43.16×10-75.04144PbS1.0×10-2828.0051CaSiO32.5×10-87.60145PbSO41.6×10-87.7952CaWO48.7×10-98.06146PbSe7.94×10-4342.153CdCO35.2×10-1211.28147PbSeO41.4×10-76.8454CdC2O4·3H2O9.1×10-87.04148Pd(OH)21.0×10-3131.055Cd3(PO4)22.5×10-3332.6149Pd(OH)46.3×10-7170.256CdS8.0×10-2726.1150PdS2.03×10-5857.6957CdSe6.31×10-3635.2151Pm(OH)31.0×10-2121.058CdSeO31.3×10-98.89152Pr(OH)36.8×10-2221.1759CeF38.0×10-1615.1153Pt(OH)21.0×10-3535.060CePO41.0×10-2323.0154Pu(OH)32.0×10-2019.761Co3(AsO4)27.6×10-2928.12155Pu(OH)41.0×10-5555.062CoCO31.4×10-1312.84156RaSO44.2×10-1110.3763CoC2O46.3×10-87.2157Rh(OH)31.0×10-2323.064Co(OH)2(蓝)6.31×10-1514.2158Ru(OH)31.0×10-3636.0159Sb2S31.5×10-9392.8Co(OH)2(粉红，新沉淀)1.58×10-1514.8160ScF34.2×10-1817.37161Sc(OH)38.0×10-3130.1162Sm(OH)38.2×10-2322.08163Sn(OH)21.4×10-2827.85164Sn(OH)41.0×10-5656.0Co(OH)2(粉红，陈化)2.00×10-1615.7165SnO23.98×10-6564.4166SnS1.0×10-2525.0167SnSe3.98×10-3938.465CoHPO42.0×10-76.7168Sr3(AsO4)28.1×10-1918.0966Co3(PO4)32.0×10-3534.7169SrCO31.1×10-109.9667CrAsO47.7×10-2120.11170SrC2O4·H2O1.6×10-76.8068Cr(OH)36.3×10-3130.2171SrF22.5×10-98.6169CrPO4·4H2O(绿)2.4×10-2322.62172Sr3(PO4)24.0×10-2827.39CrPO4·4H2O(紫)1.0×10-1717.0173SrSO43.2×10-76.4970CuBr5.3×10-98.28174SrWO41.7×10-109.7771CuCl1.2×10-65.92175Tb(OH)32.0×10-2221.772CuCN3.2×10-2019.49176Te(OH)43.0×10-5453.5273CuCO32.34×10-109.63177Th(C2O4)21.0×10-2222.074CuI1.1×10-1211.96178Th(IO3)42.5×10-1514.675Cu(OH)24.8×10-2019.32179Th(OH)44.0×10-4544.476Cu3(PO4)21.3×10-3736.9180Ti(OH)31.0×10-4040.077Cu2S2.5×10-4847.6181TlBr3.4×10-65.4778Cu2Se1.58×10-6160.8182TlCl1.7×10-43.7679CuS6.3×10-3635.2183Tl2CrO49.77×10-1312.0180CuSe7.94×10-4948.1184TlI6.5×10-87.1981Dy(OH)31.4×10-2221.85185TlN32.2×10-43.6682Er(OH)34.1×10-2423.39186Tl2S5.0×10-2120.383Eu(OH)38.9×10-2423.05187TlSeO32.0×10-3938.784FeAsO45.7×10-2120.24188UO2(OH)21.1×10-2221.9585FeCO33.2×10-1110.50189VO(OH)25.9×10-2322.1386Fe(OH)28.0×10-1615.1190Y(OH)38.0×10-2322.187Fe(OH)34.0×10-3837.4191Yb(OH)33.0×10-2423.5288FePO41.3×10-2221.89192Zn3(AsO4)21.3×10-2827.8989FeS6.3×10-1817.2193ZnCO31.4×10-1110.8490Ga(OH)37.0×10-3635.15194Zn(OH)2③2.09×10-1615.6891GaPO41.0×10-2121.0195Zn3(PO4)29.0×10-3332.0492Gd(OH)31.8×10-2322.74196α-ZnS1.6×10-2423.893Hf(OH)44.0×10-2625.4197β-ZnS2.5×10-2221.694Hg2Br25.6×10-2322.24198ZrO(OH)26.3×10-4948.2标准电极电势（25.0℃，101.325kPa）序号电极过程EÅ/V1Ag++e═Ag0.79962Ag2++e═Ag+1.9803AgBr+e═Ag+Br-0.07134AgBrO3+e═Ag+BrO3-0.5465AgCl+e═Ag+Cl-0.2226AgCN+e═Ag+CN--0.0177Ag2CO3+2e═2Ag+CO32-0.4708Ag2C2O4+2e═2Ag+C2O40.4659Ag2CrO4+2e═2Ag+CrO42-0.44710AgF+e═Ag+F-0.77911Ag4[Fe(CN)6]+4e═4Ag+[Fe(CN)6]4-0.14812AgI+e═Ag+I--0.15213AgIO3+e═Ag+IO3-0.35414Ag2MoO4+2e═2Ag+MoO42-0.45715[Ag(NH3)2]++e═Ag+2NH30.37316AgNO2+e═Ag+NO2-0.56417Ag2O+H2O+2e═2Ag+2OH-0.342182AgO+H2O+2e═Ag2O+2OH-0.60719Ag2S+2e═2Ag+S2--0.69120Ag2S+2H++2e═2Ag+H2S-0.036621AgSCN+e═Ag+SCN-0.089522Ag2SeO4+2e═2Ag+SeO42-0.36323Ag2SO4+2e═2Ag+SO42-0.65424Ag2WO4+2e═2Ag+WO42-0.46625Al3+3e═Al-1.66226AlF63-+3e═Al+6F--2.06927Al(OH)3+3e═Al+3OH--2.3128AlO2-+2H2O+3e═Al+4OH--2.3529Am3++3e═Am-2.04830Am4++e═Am3+2.6031AmO22++4H++3e═Am3++2H2O1.7532As+3H++3e═AsH3-0.60833As+3H2O+3e═AsH3+3OH--1.3734As2O3+6H++6e═2As+3H2O0.23435HAsO2+3H++3e═As+2H­2O0.24836AsO2-+2H2O+3e═As+4OH--0.6837H3­AsO4+2H++2e═HAsO2+2H2O0.56038AsO43-+2H2O+2e═AsO2-+4OH--0.7139AsS2-+3e═As+2S2--0.7540AsS43-+2e═AsS2-+2S2--0.6041Au++e═Au1.69242Au3++3e═Au1.49843Au3++2e═Au+1.40144AuBr2-+e═Au+2Br-0.95945AuBr4-+3e═Au+4Br-0.85446AuCl2-+e═Au+2Cl-1.1547AuCl4-+3e═Au+4Cl-1.00248AuI+e═Au+I-0.5049Au(SCN)4-+3e═Au+4SCN-0.6650Au(OH)3+3H++3e═Au+3H2O1.4551BF4-+3e═B+4F--1.0452H2BO3-+H2O+3e═B+4OH--1.7953B(OH)3+7H++8e═BH4-+3H2O-.048154Ba2++2e═Ba-2.91255Ba(OH)2+2e═Ba+2OH--2.9956Be2++2e═Be-1.84757Be2O32-+3H2O+4e═2Be+6OH--2.6358Bi++e═Bi0.559Bi3++3e═Bi0.30860BiCl4-+3e═Bi+4Cl-0.1661BiOCl+2H++3e═Bi+Cl-+H2O0.1662Bi2O3+3H2O+6e═2Bi+6OH--0.4663Bi2O4+4H++2e═2BiO++2H2O1.59364Bi2O4+H2O+2e═Bi2O3+2OH-0.5665Br2(水溶液,aq)+2e═2Br-1.08766Br2(液体)+2e═2Br-1.06667BrO-+H2O+2e═Br-+2OH0.76168BrO3-+6H++6e═Br-+3H2O1.42369BrO3-+3H2O+6e═Br-+6OH-0.61702BrO3-+12H++10e═Br2+6H2O1.48271HBrO+H++2e═Br-+H2O1.331722HBrO+2H++2e═Br2(水溶液,aq)+2H2O1.57473CH3OH+2H++2e═CH4+H2O0.5974HCHO+2H++2e═CH3OH0.1975CH3COOH+2H++2e═CH3CHO+H2O-0.1276(CN)2+2H++2e═2HCN0.37377(CNS)2+2e═2CNS-0.7778CO2+2H++2e═CO+H2O-0.1279CO2+2H++2e═HCOOH-0.19980Ca2++2e═Ca-2.86881Ca(OH)2+2e═Ca+2OH--3.0282Cd2++2e═Cd-0.40383Cd2++2e═Cd(Hg)-0.35284Cd(CN)42-+2e═Cd+4CN--1.0985CdO+H2O+2e═Cd+2OH--0.78386CdS+2e═Cd+S2--1.1787CdSO4+2e═Cd+SO42--0.24688Ce3++3e═Ce-2.33689Ce3++3e═Ce(Hg)-1.43790CeO2+4H++e═Ce3++2H2O1.491Cl2(气体)+2e═2Cl-1.35892ClO-+H2O+2e═Cl-+2OH-0.8993HClO+H++2e═Cl-+H2O1.482942HClO+2H++2e═Cl2+2H2O1.61195ClO2-+2H2O+4e═Cl-+4OH-0.76962ClO3-+12H++10e═Cl2+6H2O1.4797ClO3-+6H++6e═Cl-+3H2O1.45198ClO3-+3H2O+6e═Cl-+6OH-0.6299ClO4-+8H++8e═Cl-+4H2O1.381002ClO4-+16H++14e═Cl2+8H2O1.39101Cm3++3e═Cm-2.04102Co2++2e═Co-0.28103[Co(NH3)6]3++e═[Co(NH3)6]2+0.108104[Co(NH3)6]2++2e═Co+6NH3-0.43105Co(OH)2+2e═Co+2OH--0.73106Co(OH)3+e═Co(OH)2+OH0.17107Cr2++2e═Cr-0.913108Cr3++e═Cr2+-0.407109Cr3++3e═Cr-0.744110[Cr(CN)6]3-+e═[Cr(CN)6]4--1.28111Cr(OH)3+3e═Cr+3OH--1.48112Cr2O72-+14H++6e═2Cr3++7H2O1.232113CrO2-+2H2O+3e═Cr+4OH--1.2114HCrO4-+7H++3e═Cr3++4H2O1.350115CrO42-+4H2O+3e═Cr(OH)3+5OH--0.13116Cs++e═Cs-2.92117Cu++e═Cu0.521118Cu2++2e═Cu0.342119Cu2++2e═Cu(Hg)0.345120Cu2++Br-+e═CuBr0.66121Cu2++Cl-+e═CuCl0.57122Cu2++I-+e═CuI0.86123Cu2++2CN-+e═[Cu(CN)2]-1.103124CuBr2-+e═Cu+2Br-0.05125CuCl2-+e═Cu+2Cl-0.19126CuI2-+e═Cu+2I-0.00127Cu2O+H2O+2e═2Cu+2OH--0.360128Cu(OH)2+2e═Cu+2OH--0.2221292Cu(OH)2+2e═Cu2O+2OH-+H2O-0.080130CuS+2e═Cu+S2--0.70131CuSCN+e═Cu+SCN--0.27132Dy2++2e═Dy-2.2133Dy3++3e═Dy-2.295134Er2++2e═Er-2.0135Er3++3e═Er-2.331136Es2++2e═Es-2.23137Es3++3e═Es-1.91138Eu2++2e═Eu-2.812139Eu3++3e═Eu-1.991140F2+2H++2e═2HF3.053141F2O+2H++4e═H­2O+2F-2.153142Fe2++2e═Fe-0.447143Fe3++3e═Fe-0.037144[Fe(CN)6]3-+e═[Fe(CN)6]4-0.358145[Fe(CN)6]4-+2e═Fe+6CN--1.5146FeF63-+e═Fe2++6F-0.4147Fe(OH)2+2e═Fe+2OH--0.877148Fe(OH)3+e═Fe(OH)2+OH-0.56149Fe3O4+8H++2e═3Fe2++4H2O1.23150Fm3++3e═Fm-1.89151Fr++e═Fr-2.9152Ga3++3e═Ga-0.549153H2GaO3-+H2O+3e═Ga+4OH--1.29154Gd3++3e═Gd-2.279155Ge2++2e═Ge0.24156Ge4++2e═Ge2+0.0157GeO2+2H++2e═GeO(棕色)+H2O-0.118158GeO2+2H++2e═GeO(黄色)+H2O-0.273159H2GeO3+4H++4e═Ge+3H2O-0.1821602H++2e═H20.0000161H2+2e═2H--2.251622H2O+2e═H2+2OH--0.8277163Hf4++4e═Hf-1.55164Hg2++2e═Hg0.851165Hg22++2e═2Hg0.7971662Hg2++2e═Hg22+0.920167Hg2Br2+2e═2Hg+2Br-0.1392168HgBr42-+2e═Hg+4Br-0.21169Hg2Cl2+2e═2Hg+2Cl-0.26811702HgCl2+2e═Hg2Cl2+2Cl-0.63171Hg2CrO4+2e═2Hg+CrO42-0.54172Hg2I2+2e═2Hg+2I--0.0405173Hg2O+H2O+2e═2Hg+2OH-0.123174HgO+H2O+2e═Hg+2OH-0.0977175HgS(红色)+2e═Hg+S2--0.70176HgS(黑色)+2e═Hg+S2--0.67177Hg2(SCN)2+2e═2Hg+2SCN-0.22178Hg2SO4+2e═2Hg+SO42-0.613179Ho2++2e═Ho-2.1180Ho3++3e═Ho-2.33181I2+2e═2I-0.5355182I3-+2e═3I-0.5361832IBr+2e═I2+2Br-1.02184ICN+2e═I-+CN-0.301852HIO+2H++2e═I2+2H2O1.439186HIO+H++2e═I-+H2O0.987187IO-+H2O+2e═I-+2OH-0.4851882IO3-+12H++10e═I2+6H2O1.195189IO3-+6H++6e═I-+3H2O1.085190IO3-+2H2O+4e═IO-+4OH-0.15191IO3-+3H2O+6e═I-+6OH-0.261922IO3-+6H2O+10e═I2+12OH-0.21193H5IO6+H++2e═IO3-+3H2O1.601194In++e═In-0.14195In3++3e═In-0.338196In(OH)3+3e═In+3OH--0.99197Ir3++3e═Ir1.156198IrBr62-+e═IrBr63-0.99199IrCl62-+e═IrCl63-0.867200K++e═K-2.931201La3++3e═La-2.379202La(OH)3+3e═La+3OH--2.90203Li++e═Li-3.040204Lr3++3e═Lr-1.96205Lu3++3e═Lu-2.28206Md2++2e═Md-2.40207Md3++3e═Md-1.65208Mg2++2e═Mg-2.372209Mg(OH)2+2e═Mg+2OH--2.690210Mn2++2e═Mn-1.185211Mn3++3e═Mn1.542212MnO2+4H++2e═Mn2++2H2O1.224213MnO4-+4H++3e═MnO2+2H2O1.679214MnO4-+8H++5e═Mn2++4H2O1.507215MnO4-+2H2O+3e═MnO2+4OH-0.595216Mn(OH)2+2e═Mn+2OH--1.56217Mo3++3e═Mo-0.200218MoO42-+4H2O+6e═Mo+8OH--1.05219N2+2H­2O+6H++6e═2NH4OH0.0922202NH3OH++H++2e═N2H5++2H2O1.422212NO+H2O+2e═N2O+2OH-0.762222HNO2+4H++4e═N2O+3H2O1.297223NO3-+3H++2e═HNO2+H2O0.934224NO3-+H2O+2e═NO2-+2OH-0.012252NO3-+2H2O+2e═N2O4+4OH--0.85226Na++e═Na-2.713227Nb3++3e═Nb-1.099228NbO2+4H++4e═Nb+2H2O-0.690229Nb2O5+10H++10e═2Nb+5H2O-0.644230Nd2++2e═Nd-2.1231Nd3++3e═Nd-2.323232Ni2++2e═Ni-0.257233NiCO3+2e═Ni+CO32--0.45234Ni(OH)2+2e═Ni+2OH--0.72235NiO2+4H++2e═Ni2++2H2O1.678236No2++2e═No-2.50237No3++3e═No-1.20238Np3++3e═Np-1.856239NpO2+H2O+H++e═Np(OH)3-0.962240O2+4H++4e═2H2O1.229241O2+2H2O+4e═4OH-0.401242O3+H2O+2e═O2+2OH-1.24243Os2++2e═Os0.85244OsCl63-+e═Os2++6Cl-0.4245OsO2+2H2O+4e═Os+4OH--0.15246OsO4+8H++8e═Os+4H2O0.838247OsO4+4H++4e═OsO2+2H2O1.02248P+3H2O+3e═PH3(g)+3OH--0.87249H2PO2-+e═P+2OH--1.82250H3PO3+2H++2e═H3PO2+H2O-0.499251H3PO3+3H++3e═P+3H2O-0.454252H3PO4+2H++2e═H3PO3+H2O--0.276253PO43-+2H2O+2e═HPO32-+3OH--1.05254Pa3++3e═Pa-1.34255Pa4++4e═Pa-1.49256Pb2++2e═Pb-0.126257Pb2++2e═Pb(Hg)-0.121258PbBr2+2e═Pb+2Br--0.284259PbCl2+2e═Pb+2Cl--0.268260PbCO3+2e═Pb+CO32--0.506261PbF2+2e═Pb+2F--0.344262PbI2+2e═Pb+2I--0.365263PbO+H2O+2e═Pb+2OH--0.580264PbO+4H++2e═Pb+H2O0.25265PbO2+4H++2e═Pb2+2H2O1.455266HPbO2-+H2O+2e═Pb+3OH--0.537267PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e═PbSO4+2H2O1.691268PbSO4+2e═Pb+SO42--0.359269Pd2++2e═Pd0.915270PdBr42-+2e═Pd+4Br-0.6271PdO2+H2O+2e═PdO+2OH-0.73272Pd(OH)2+2e═Pd+2OH-0.07273Pm2++2e═Pm-2.20274Pm3++3e═Pm-2.30275Po4++4e═Po0.76276Pr2++2e═Pr-2.0277Pr3++3e═Pr-2.353278Pt2++2e═Pt1.18279[PtCl6]2-+2e═[PtCl4]2-+2Cl-0.68280Pt(OH)2+2e═Pt+2OH-0.14281PtO2+4H++4e═Pt+2H2O1.00282PtS+2e═Pt+S2--0.83283Pu3++3e═Pu-2.031284Pu5++e═Pu4+1.099285Ra2++2e═Ra-2.8286Rb++e═Rb-2.98287Re3++3e═Re0.300288ReO2+4H++4e═Re+2H2O0.251289ReO4-+4H++3e═ReO2+2H2O0.510290ReO4-+4H2O+7e═Re+8OH--0.584291Rh2++2e═Rh0.600292Rh3++3e═Rh0.758293Ru2++2e═Ru0.455294RuO2+4H++2e═Ru2++2H­2O1.120295RuO4+6H++4e═Ru(OH)22++2H2O1.40296S+2e═S2--0.476297S+2H++2e═H2S(水溶液,aq)0.142298S2O62-+4H++2e═2H2SO30.5642992SO32-+3H2O+4e═S2O32-+6OH--0.5713002SO32-+2H2O+2e═S2O42-+4OH--1.12301SO42-+H2O+2e═SO32-+2OH--0.93302Sb+3H++3e═SbH3-0.510303Sb2O3+6H++6e═2Sb+3H2O0.152304Sb2O5+6H++4e═2SbO++3H2O0.581305SbO3-+H2O+2e═SbO2-+2OH--0.59306Sc3++3e═Sc-2.077307Sc(OH)3+3e═Sc+3OH--2.6308Se+2e═Se2--0.924309Se+2H++2e═H2Se(水溶液,aq)-0.399310H2­SeO3+4H++4e═Se+3H2O-0.74311SeO32-+3H2O+4e═Se+6OH--0.366312SeO42-+H2O+2e═SeO32-+2OH-0.05313Si+4H++4e═SiH4(气体)0.102314Si+4H2O+4e═SiH4+4OH--0.73315SiF62-+4e═Si+6F--1.24316SiO2+4H++4e═Si+2H2O-0.857317SiO32-+3H2O+4e═Si+6OH--1.697318Sm2++2e═Sm-2.68319Sm3++3e═Sm-2.304320Sn2++2e═Sn-0.138321Sn4++2e═Sn2+0.151322SnCl42-+2e═Sn+4Cl-(1mol/LHCl)-0.19323SnF62-+4e═Sn+6F--0.25324Sn(OH)3-+3H++2e═Sn2++3H2O0.142325SnO2+4H++4e═Sn+2H2O-0.117326Sn(OH)62-+2e═HSnO2-+3OH-+H2O-0.93327Sr2++2e═Sr-2.899328Sr2++2e═Sr(Hg)-1.793329Sr(OH)2+2e═Sr+2OH--2.88330Ta3++3e═Ta-0.6331Tb3++3e═Tb-2.28332Tc2++2e═Tc0.400333TcO4-+8H++7e═Tc+4H2O0.472334TcO4-+2H2O+3e═TcO2+4OH--0.311335Te+2e═Te2--1.143336Te4++4e═Te0.568337Th4++4e═Th-1.899338Ti2++2e═Ti-1.630339Ti3++3e═Ti-1.37340TiO2+4H++2e═Ti2++2H2O-0.502341TiO2++2H++e═Ti3++H2O0.1342Tl++e═Tl-0.336343Tl3++3e═Tl0.741344Tl3++Cl-+2e═TlCl1.36345TlBr+e═Tl+Br--0.658346TlCl+e═Tl+Cl--0.557347TlI+e═Tl+I--0.752348Tl2O3+3H­2O+4e═2Tl++6OH-0.02349TlOH+e═Tl+OH-0.34350Tl2SO4+2e═2Tl+SO42--0.436351Tm2++2e═Tm-2.4352Tm3++3e═Tm-2.319353U3++3e═U-1.798354UO2+4H++4e═U+2H2O-1.40355UO2++4H++e═U4++2H2O0.612356UO22++4H++6e═U+2H2O-1.444357V2++2e═V-1.175358VO2++2H++e═V3++H2O0.337359VO2++2H++e═VO2++H2O0.991360VO2++4H++2e═V3++2H2O0.668361V2O5+10H++10e═2V+5H2O-0.242362W3++3e═W0.1363WO3+6H++6e═W+3H2O-0.090364W2O5+2H++2e═2WO2+H2O-0.031365Y3++3e═Y-2.372366Yb2++2e═Yb-2.76367Yb3++3e═Yb-2.19368Zn2++2e═Zn-0.7618369Zn2++2e═Zn(Hg)-0.7628370Zn(OH)2+2e═Zn+2OH--1.249371ZnS+2e═Zn+S2--1.40372ZnSO4+2e═Zn(Hg)+SO42--0.799常用的基准物质滴定方法标准溶液基准物质优缺点酸碱滴定HClNa2CO3便宜，易得纯品，易吸湿Na2B4O7·10H2O易得纯品，不易吸湿，摩尔质量大，湿度小时会先结晶水NaOHC6H4·COOH·COOK易得纯品，不吸湿，摩尔质量大H2C2O4·2H2便宜，结晶水不稳定，纯度不理想络合滴定EDTA金属Zn或ZnO纯度高，稳定，既可在pH=5～6又可在pH=9～10应用氧化还原滴定KMnO4Na2C2O易得纯品，稳定，无显著吸湿K2Cr2O7K2Cr2O7易得纯品，非常稳定，可直接配制标准溶液Na2S2O3K2Cr2O7易得纯品，非常稳定，可直接配制标准溶液I2升华碘纯度高，易挥发，水中溶解度很小As2O3能得纯品，产品不吸湿，剧毒KBrO3KBrO3易得纯品，稳定KBrO3+过量KBrKBrO3-沉淀滴定AgNO3AgNO3易得纯品，防止光照及有机物玷污NaCl易得纯品，易吸湿酸碱指示剂序号名称pH变色范围酸色碱色pKa浓度1甲基紫（第一次变色）0.13～0.5黄绿0.80.1%水溶液2甲酚红（第一次变色）0.2～1.8红黄-0.04%乙醇（50%）溶液3甲基紫（第二次变色）1.0～1.5绿蓝-0.1%水溶液4百里酚蓝（第一次变色）1.2～2.8红黄1.650.1%乙醇（20%）溶液5茜素黄R（第一次变色）1