短文填空(讲义与练习)-2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法(原卷版)_第1页
短文填空(讲义与练习)-2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法(原卷版)_第2页
短文填空(讲义与练习)-2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法(原卷版)_第3页
短文填空(讲义与练习)-2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法(原卷版)_第4页
短文填空(讲义与练习)-2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法(原卷版)_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩4页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

专题29短文填空

备战2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法

讲义

自由填空

把知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生

有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅

读理解能力。

自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的,这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是

一篇短文挖空8—10个单词,且没有任何提示,让考生根据短文内容自由填词,难度较大,主观性较强,

有时可能出现多种答案。

满分技巧

1.解题步骤:

(1)快速浏览,了解大意。对于简单把握的空,可以先填出来;

(2)上下求索,填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式;

(3)通读全文,检查确认。特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前缀。

无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。

(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。

(2)如果需要填入代词,就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法;

(3)并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and,but,or等;

(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入从属连词(what,which,who,how,

when等)。或者是宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分析

到底是什么从句,从而选择合适的从属连词。

首字母填空

首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母,在句子的空白处填上适当的单词,使句子意思完整,语法

正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力,又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。

满分技巧

1.跳过空格,不看选项,快速地阅读全文,从整体上感知全文,掌握大意,了解全篇的内容和要旨。

快速阅读时宁粗勿细,切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题,这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时,

还要注意找出关键词,这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能,抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重

视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文时态、主题及大意。

2.复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。

把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的

意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配

和语法规则,判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大,尤其是难于选词时,从本句的前后观察中一时尚

不得要领,就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。

3.三读短文,上下参照,验证答案。

在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。可从上下文内

容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

选词填空

选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空,词序打乱,让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此

类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上,通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词,补全短文。

满分技巧

短文填词答题技巧口诀

空前空后要注意,名词单复要牢记。要有's不能弃。

动词注意要变形,皇帝"、"大臣"要分清。

形、副注意要用三级,副词用法要谨记。

要用数词请留意,千万别忘"基"和"序

填入代词需慎重,五格变化记心中。

杂糅型短文填空

杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型,如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种

题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力,特别是单词和

短语的拼写能力。

提示词填空

此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时,要准确理解语意,根据文中

同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词,要考虑其

单复数形式;若填的是形容词或副词,则要考虑其是否属于比较等级;如若填的是动词,则要特别注意考

虑其时态和语态。如在句首,还要考虑其首字母的大写。

真题在线

A

(2023・宁夏・中考真题)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词,单词的首字母已给出(每空一词)。

MynameisMason.Iwasbomintoamusicalfamily.Ihavethreesistersandthreebrothers.Weallliketo1

1tomusic.Andallofu2playmusicalinstruments.Ibecameinterestedinplayingtheviolinand

startedtoplayitwhenIwassixyearsold.Myteachersalsoencouragedmyloveformusic.In2016,Iwonthe

YoungMusicianCompetition.

Afterthat,Iplayedatbiggerevents(公开活动)andevenreleased(发行)music.

I'mr3excitedtotellyouaboutmynewalbum(专辑)calledSong.InameditthatbecauseIthinkthe

violinsoundslikeabeautifulsingingvoice.Thealbumhasd4kindsofmusic,likeclassicalmusic,country

musicandevenapopsong.

Inmyo5weshouldbegiventhechancetostudymusic,becauseitisawonderfulwaytoexpress

ourselvesandmakeourlivesmorecolorful!

B

(2022.贵州安顺.中考真题)

根据短文内中文意思,补全英语翻译。

Avegetarian(素食者)issomeonewhodoesn'teatmeat.Beingavegetarianhasbecomeapopularchoice.

6(实际上),onein200kidsintheUSisavegetarian.Mostpeoplechoosetobevegetariansformanyreasons.

First,theybelievethatavegetarian'sdiet7(对...有好处)theirhealth.Itusuallyhaslessfatthana

diet(饮食)thatincludesmeat.Vegetarianseatalow-fatdiettokeepfit.Avegetariandietalsoprovidesmany

vitaminsthatpeoplecan't8(从得至!J)themeat.Thesevitaminsprotectpeoplefromsomediseases.

Second,manyvegetariansare9(对...担心)howanimalsareraisedandkilledforfood.Theyhope

animalscanbebettertreated.

Finally,theythink10(成为一名素食者能帮助地球).Peopleusemoreenergy,waterandlandto

raiseanimalsforfoodthantogrowfruitandvegetables.Also,animalsputgreenhousegasesintotheair.These

gasescauseglobalwanning.

C

(2023・广东•中考真题)

请阅读下面短文,在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

Wouldyouliketostartyourdaywithacupoftea?Iftheansweris11,youmayhavethesamehabit

asmanypeople.

Youmaynotknow12popularteais.Amongallkindsofdrinks,teaisoneofthetwochoices.People

likeitbecauseitis13fortheirhealth.

Teaismostlyproduced14AsiancountrieslikeChinaandIndia.Chinesepeoplestartedtodrinktea

asearlyas5,000years15.Atthattime,peoplemadeteainasimplewayjustputfreshtealeavesintohot

16.

Teawasn'tintroducedintoEuropeuntiltheearly17thcentury.Andnowithas17popularinEurope

andAmerica.Peoplethereliketo18teawithsugarormilkinit.Asthepopulationofteadrinkersgets

larger,teabusinessisgetting19importantthanbefore.

ThefirstInternationalTeaDaywasonMay21st,2020.Sincethen,peoplehavecelebrated20every

year.TheDaymakespeoplerealizetheimportanceofteaworkersand....

D

(2022.福建・中考真题)

阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义

准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

IntheclosingyearsoftheSuiDynasty,aterribleflood(洪水)happenedontheXiaoRiveroutsidethecityof

Zhaozhou.21floodbroughtdownalargestonebridge.

Peoplehadrebuiltthebridgemany22(time).Butitwasstillwashedawayoverandoveragain.

“What'swrong23it?”LiChun,themostfamouslocalengineeratthattime,askedhimself.He24

(work)dayandnightatthedrawingofthebridgeandfoundoutthatthestonesupports(支柱)couldn'tstandthe

forceoftheflood.

Oneday,anideacameintohismind!Hethoughtof25(build)bow-shapedarches(拱)insteadofstone

supports.Andtherewouldbeonlyonebigarch,supportedateachendbytwosmallones.Whenfloodscame,the

waterswouldrunthroughthe26/ft):(r)/smallarches,bringinglittleinfluenceonthebridge.Hewas27

(great)excitedbytheidea,anddancedhappilyrightathisdesk.

AnewZhaozhouBridgewasbuilt.Itwassafe28beautiful.ThelocalpeopleofZhaozhouwerevery

29/glsed/thattheproblemofthestonebridgewasfinallyworkedout.Now,thisgreatstonebridgewitha

historyofover1,300yearshas30/bikAm/aclassicalexampleofChina?sarchedbridges.Itshows

thewisdomandcreativityoftheChinesepeople.

E

(2023•辽宁鞍山•中考真题)

阅读短文,根据短文内容从方框中选择合适单词并用其适当形式填空,使短文内容完整。(每词限用一次,

有两个词多余)

bringhelptopeacefulwhichdifficultotherjustwhononementionanother

Whatisthebestvirtue(美德)?Whatcanwelearnfromwater?Laozi,afamousChinesethinker31

livedaround2,500yearsago,mighthaveananswer.

Laozitellsusthatthetopcharacterisjustlikewater.Alllifeintheworldcannotlivewithoutwater,butwater

neverasksforanythinginreturn.Itbenefits(使受益)all,competingwith32.Itsimplykeepsgiving

quietly.Also,wateroftenstayswherepeopledon'tlike.Thiskindoflowprofile《氐姿态)makeswatertheclosest

33thelawoftheuniverse(万物之规).

Indealingwithpeople,wecanactaswater.Doourbesttohelp34withouttryingtogetanything

back.Atthesametime,stayhumble(谦虚的).Don'talwaystalkaboutthe35yougavetootherpeople.

Evenifyouareina36situation,youneedtostaycalm.Afterall,waterwillnotchoosewheretobe,andit

37goestowhereitisneeded.

TheChinesenationhasalwayshelddearLaozi?sideasaboutwater.In2014,PresidentXiJinping38

itatthewelcomedinnerofthe22ndAPECEconomicLeaders'MeetinginBeijing.HesaidAPECmembersare

39togetherbythewaterofthePacificOceanandhaveasharedresponsibilitytomakethePacificanoceanof

40friendshipandcooperation(合作).Thisisthewisdom(智慧)waterbringsus.

名校模拟

F

(2023•浙江师范大学附属中学•模拟预测)

根据短文内容,在每一空格内填写一词(首字母已给出),使短文完整连贯。

Lifeisnoteasytomostpeople,sowhenanythinghappens,besuretobelieveinyourself.WhenIwasyoung,I

wasson1thatitwashardformetotalktoanyone.Myclassmatesoften12atme.ThenIfeltvery

frustrated.

Iwasreallysadbutcoulddon3Later,somethinghappened,whichchangedmylife.ItwasanEnglish

speechcontest.Mymothera4metotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!Itm5Ihadtospeakin

frontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!

“Comeon,boy.Believeinyourself.Youaresuretowin.^^mothersaidtome.

Then,motherandItalkedaboutmanyd6topics.AtlastIchosethetopic“Believeinyourself'.Itried

mybesttorememberallthespeechandp7itoverahundredtimes.W8mymother'sgreathelp,I

didwellinthecontest.Icouldh9believemyearswhenthenewscamethatIhadwonthefirstprize.

Sincethen,thingshavechangedforme.NomatterwhatIdo,Itrytotellmyselftobec10andIwill

findmyself.Thisistruenotonlyformebutalsoforeverybody,Ithink.

G

(2023•宁夏银川一中•模拟预测)

根据下列短文,写出与各小题所给汉语相对应的英语单词的正确形式(每空一词)。

AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwholikesmountainclimbing.Aronisusedtotakingrisks.On11(四

月)26th,2003,hewasinavery12(危险的)situation.

Onthatday,Aron'sarmwascaughtundera360-kilorockthatfellonhim.Hecouldnotfreehisarm.When

hiswaterranout,heusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarmto13(拯救)hisownlife.Then,withhisleft

arm,hebandaged14(他自己).Afterthat,heclimbeddownthemountaintofindhelp.

Hethenwrotea15(书)calledBetweenaRockandaHandPlace.Thismeansbeinginadifficult

situationthatyoucan'tseemtogetoutof.Inthisbook,Arontellsustheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,and

ofbeingincontrolofone'slife.

H

(2023•山西大同中学•模拟预测)

请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,在空白处填入恰当的单词,使短文通顺、连贯。每空一词。

TheGreatWallisn'tChina'sonlyman-madewonderthathasbeenwell-knownallovertheworld.Anotheris

theGrandCanal(大运河)一thelongestman-madewaterwayintheworld.

16alengthofabout2,700kilometers,thecanalrunsfromBeijingtoZhejiangProvince.17is

morethan2,500yearsold.DuringtheSpringandAutumnperiod,HanGou,wasbuiltintoday'sJiangsuProvince.

ItthenbecametheGrandCanalduringtheSuiDynasty.

TheGrandCanalhasanimportantrole18developingthecountry'seconomy(经济)andkeepingit

stable(稳定的).PeopleinancientChinamovedthingsbyhorseor19foot.Itwasveryslow.Largethings,

likebagsofgrain(谷物)andtea.20didpeoplesolvetheproblems?ItwastheGrandCanal21

madethingsfasterandeasiertomoveacrossalongdistance.

DuringtheSuiDynasty,forexample,finegrainsgrewinthesouth.Buttheywerekeptinthecapital,inthe

north.WiththeGrandCanal,people22abletoquicklysendgraintothecapital.Thecanalalsomadethe

economygrowfast.Thanks23thecanal,silk,teaandcoalwereallsent24thenorthandsouth.The

canal,infact,playedabigpartinbuildingtheForbiddenCity.Bricksweresent25ShandongandJiangsu,

whilewoodwassentfromHunan.

“TheGreatWallisthesymbolofthefirmbackboneofChina,whiletheGrandCanalisthebloodlinethatgoes

throughtheheartsofChinesepeople."saidShanJixiang

I

(2023.福建福州二中.模拟预测)

阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义

准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Three-CharacterClassichadbeenoneofthemostpopulartextsforprimaryeducationinChinafor700years

untilthemiddleoflastcentury.Almostall26(child)atschoolusedtorecitethetextof1,248characters.

Mosthistorianshaveattributed(归功于)thistexttoWangYinglin,27famouswriteroftheSouthern

SongDynasty.Itwass28thatWangwroteittospreadConfucian(儒家的)classicsandtheknowledgeof

Chinesehistoryamongkids.Ittellsthemthatbeforeone29(begin)tostudyhistory,heorshemust

becomeskilledinclassicworksatfirst.Sohewrotethetextboth30/f□:t/andsimple,verysuitablefor

readingandreciting.A31ithasstoppedbeingusedasatextforprimaryschools,manypeopleinChina

canstillrecitesomeofit.

Three-CharacterClassicisdivided32sixparts,eachtalkingaboutacertaintopic.Thetextbegins

withthemainideasofConfucianismandstressestraditionalvalues.Italsoteachesthatpeopleworkinghardwillbe

rewarded,while33/dsuz/whowastetimeonplaywillregretforitoneday.

Becauseofitsbeautifulverses(诗节)andsimplestyles,itwaslatertranslatedintodifferentlanguages,suchas

English,34/frentj/andItalian.Duringthe1860s,itwas35(wide)usedasatextinprivate

schoolsinJapan.Now,ithasbeenlistedbytheUNESCOasoneofitsrecommendedreadingsforstudents

worldwide.

J

(2023•陕西西安一中•模拟预测)

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整正确。(每个单词仅限用一次,每空只填一个单词)

oldpro

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论