2025届高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十一选修⑦Unit2Fitforlife课时作业含解析牛津译林版

PAGE课时作业(二十一)选修⑦Unit2FitforlifeⅠ.阅读理解A[2024·太原市高三年级模拟试题]TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910,Dr.WuLien­tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge­educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)．WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24,1910,hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu'sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine(隔离)unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases,andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday,whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease,andbyMarch1,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof1910－1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities,andaccountedforover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked,allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911,Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang,attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates,JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910－1911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwastheworld'smostfamousplaguefighter,atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919,andareturnofplaguein1921.1．WhatwasDr.Wu'smissionin1910?A．Totakepersonalrisks.B．Toendanepidemic.C．Toprovidemedicaleducation.D．Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2．WhichofDr.Wu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A．Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B．Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C．Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D．Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1,1911.B．60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C．Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D．Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910－1911outbreak.4．WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B．Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C．Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D．Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B[2024·开封市高三第一次模拟]AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andco­founderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen­poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.6．Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.7．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable.B．Cautious.C．Indifferent.D．Doubtful.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereⅡ.完形填空[2024·石家庄市质量检测一]“Folkonthesubwaydon'ttalk.Theydon'twantyouinterruptingtheirday.”Iwasgiventhe__1__longago.Oneday,Iclimbedonthesubwayandtherewasonlyone__2__seat.Iscrunchedintothespacebesideawomanandimmediatelyshecomplainedina(n)__3__manner,“Ohyeah,shehadtosithere.Itmakesmealluncomfortable.”“I'msorry，”Itoldher.“Doyouwantmeto__4__？”Withahugesigh,she__5__back,“Isupposeyoucanstay.”Thewordswereokaybuther__6__toldmeIwasnotwelcome.“Icanmove,really,especiallyifitis__7__you，”Isaid__8__.Another__9__，andshetoldmetostay.Okay,__10__don'twantmetointerruptthemonthesubway.__11__，Ifiguredwecouldhaveaconversation.IaskedherifshehadeverbeenouttoAlberta.Shewaitedalloftwosecondsandthenresponded,“No,butwe'vebeenthroughitonthewaytoVancouver.”“Iloveitthere，”Itoldherandwentonto__12__thegreatweatherandfriendlypeople.“Whereareyoufromoriginally？”Iasked.Nowherewasa__13__shewantedtotalkaboutandsoonI__14__herlifeintheoldcountry.Shetalkeduntilitwastimeforhertogetoff.Thenshe__15__andwarmlysaidgoodbye.Hey,thissubwaytravelingisokay!1．A.decisionB．optionC．ruleD．order2．A.occupiedB．reservedC．comfortableD．empty3．A.unpleasantB．calmC．unusualD．casual4．A.switchB．moveC．helpD．wait5．A.whisperedB．screamedC．arguedD．fought6．A.appearanceB．voiceC．behaviorD．figure7．A.inspiringB．surprisingC．embarrassingD．bothering8．A.desperatelyB．sharplyC．sincerelyD．confidently9．A.attemptB．glanceC．hesitationD．sigh10．A.strangersB．conductorsC．touristsD．performers11．A.ApparentlyB．ThereforeC．EventuallyD．Still12．A.evaluateB．mentionC．imagineD．debate13．A.topicB．conclusionC．planD．career14．A.caredaboutB．longedforC．learnedaboutD．thoughtof15．A.pushedB．smiledC．hesitatedD．clappedⅢ.应用文写作[2024·石家庄市质量检测一]你们年级安排举办一场英文演讲竞赛，主题为“我最宠爱的运动”。请写一篇参赛演讲稿。内容包括：1．运动项目；2．宠爱缘由。留意：写作词数应为80左右。MyFavoriteSportHello,everyone.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课时作业(二十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——卫生与健康——中国医生伍连德限制住了鼠疫【语篇解读】1910年的冬天一种死亡率极高的流行病席卷中国东北，在剑桥受过教化的伍连德医生被派去阻挡这种流行病，他到达目的地后，实行了诸如设立特地的隔离病区、对感染者实行活动限制之类的有效措施，由于伍连德医生的努力，鼠疫最终被完全限制。1．答案与解析：B考查细微环节理解。依据第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridgeeducatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在剑桥受过教化的伍医生北上，以阻挡这种流行病。故B项正确。2．答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据题干关键词“spreadingnationwide”定位至其次段最终两句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911...toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最终一句可知，他劝服当局在春节前彻底关闭铁路，防止人口通过铁路流淌，从而阻挡了鼠疫在全国流行，故D项正确。3．答案与解析：C考查推理推断。依据第三段尾句可知，假如疫情没有得到限制，允许假期乘坐火车的旅客将疾病传播到中国其他地方，可能意味着灾难性的生命损失，并可能引发全球健康危机。据此可以推断，鼠疫在1911年得到完全限制，有效阻挡了其向世界传播，故C项正确。4．答案与解析：A考查推理推断。依据本文尾句可知，那时伍医生是世界上最闻名的抗击鼠疫的人，他在抗击1919年中国的霍乱和1921年卷土重来的鼠疫中捍卫了这一称号。据此可推知，在1911年之后，他接着卓有成效地抗击流行病，故A项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——人与科学——公民科学家【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数一般人为科学作出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参加的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。5．答案与解析：B考查细微环节理解。依据其次段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的一般人也能参加科学探讨，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。6．答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据第四段最终一句“Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够留意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。7．答案与解析：A考查观点看法。依据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参加，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“‘Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp’”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。8．答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工AndrewGrey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff对于公民科学的看法，并结合倒数其次段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要确定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会交往——在地铁上与生疏人的一次沟通【语篇解读】作者曾被告知地铁上的乘客们一般不宠爱闲聊。作者有一次乘地铁，车厢里正好有一个空座位，作者坐下后邻座的女士始终在埋怨，作者问她自己是否须要离开，可是又得到了否定的答复。于是，作者确定和这位女士闲聊，而这次闲聊后来很顺畅。1．答案与解析：C考查语境推断。本空指的是上文提到的“Folkonthesubwaydon'ttalk.Theydon'twantyouinterruptingtheirday”，此处表示这是很久以前别人告知作者的规则。2．答案与解析：D考查语境推断。依据下文中的“Iscrunchedintothespacebesideawoman”可以推断，地铁上有一个空座。3．答案与解析：A考查语境推断。依据下文中的“Ohyeah,shehadtosithere.Itmakesmealluncomfortable”可以推断，这位女士对于作者坐在她身边很不快乐。4．答案与解析：B考查词汇复现。依据下文中的“Icanmove”可知，作者问那位女士自己是否须要离开那个座位。5．答案与解析：A考查语境推断。结合语境和下文中的“Isupposeyoucanstay”可知，尽管这位女士对于作者坐在她身边感到不快乐，但是并没有大声发作，所以此处用whispered。6．答案与解析：B考查语境推断。依据语境可知，尽管这位女士嘴上说作者可以坐在那里，但是她的声音告知作者她不欢迎作者。7．答案与解析：D考查语境推断。依据上文中讲到的“Itmakesmealluncomfortable”“Iwasnotwelcome”可以推断，作者坐在那个座位上好