广东省2023-2024学年高三年级上册期中考试英语试题（含答案）

广东省2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

姓名：班级：考号：

题号——四五总分

评分

一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读理解

ThankyouforchoosingOTTTravelAgency.Inordertohaveapleasantjourney,pleasereadthefollowingnotes

carefully.

BookingRegulations

1-Thereisanecessarybookingprocess.Wewillconfirmthatwithyouwithin1-2workingdays.

2.Pleasebookaticketassoonaspossiblebecausetheratesmayvaryatdifferenttimes.Forexample,ratesrise

duringholidays.

3.PleasecarefullyreadourCustomerAgreementsbeforebooking.

BookingProceduresandE-tickets

1.Youwillreceiveabookingreceiptbye-mailimmediatelyaftersubmissionofbookinginformation.

2.Youwillreceivetheconfirmatione-mailwesendwithin1-2workingdaysaftersubmission.

3.Oncethebookingdetailsareconfirmed,youwillreceiveyoure-ticketbye-mail.Wewillprovidethecontact

informationoflocaltourismofficesforyourconvenientuseduringtourorasrequired.

4.Next,youonlyneedtoprintthee-ticketandpresentitwithphotoIDtothetourguideonthedepartureday.

SpecialNotes

Iftheflightisdelayedforover45minutesduetoweatherconditionorothercases,pleasegotothehotelby

yourself.Youcancontactthelocaltravelagencyandaskforhelp.Youarestronglyrecommendedtocontacttheairline

andlocaltravelagencytoconfirmtheflightarrivaltimeandairportpickup.

Foryoursafety,pleaselockyourdoorwheneverandwhereveryouleave.Donothanganyclothesonlights.Do

notsmokeinbed.Leavethehotelimmediatelyifyouhearafirealarm.

Pleaseobservealldosanddon'tsmentionedbythetourguide.

Thankyouforyourcooperation.Sorryforanyinconvenience.

1.Whyshouldtravelersbookticketsimmediately?

A.Theratesprobablychangewithtime.

B.Therearefewticketsonholidays.

C.Thebookingprocessiscomplicated.

D.Theconfirmationwastesmuchtime.

1

2.Whenwillyoureceiveabookingreceipt?

A.Beforefillinginaconfirmationform.

B.Aftersendingoutabookinge-mail.

C.Beforereceivingaconfirmatione-mail.

D.Aftersubmittingbookinginformation.

3.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhearafirealarminthehotel?

A.Lockthedoor.B.Runoutofthehotel.

C.Hangclothesonlights.D.Putoutyourcigarette.

阅读理解

Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.

Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.

InlateJanuaryof2021,Chicagoexperiencedsomeofthecoldesttemperaturesthatthecityhasseenindecades.

Sadly,morethan100homelesspeoplewereleftoutsidedirectlyexposedtothedeadlyenvironment.

CandicePaynewasluckyenoughtohaveashelterfromthedangerousconditions.However,shecouldn'tstop

thinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleintheareawhohadnowheretogo.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshe

couldpossiblyhelp.Atlast,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalhotelsthatshecouldpurchase

forthepeopleonthestreet.

However-manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortherooms."Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,

theAmberInn,thatwasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,"PaynetoldTODAY.

AccordingtoPayne,eachroomcost$70pernight.Withouthesitating,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwith

hercreditcard.Shethenreachedouttostrangers,askingifanyonewouldliketohelpoutwithpayingformorerooms.

Strangersdonatedmoney,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfivenights.

Payne'sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry,however,sheinsistedsheneverdiditforattention.nIama

regularpersons,"saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneyhelpingcompletestrangers."Itall

soundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI'mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.Ithoughtitwasimpossible,but

afterseeingthisandseeingpeoplefromallaroundtheworld,thatjusttellsmeit'spossible.Wecanalldothis

together."

4.HowmuchdidPaynepaytheAmberInnfortheroomsintotal?

A.$2400.B.$4,200.C.$21,000.D.$10,500.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePayne?

A.Kindandgenerous.B.Wealthyandfriendly.

C.Determinedandhonest.D.Ambitiousandfaithful.

2

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheHomelessSufferedtheExtremeCold

B.ChicagoExperiencedtheColdestTemperatures

C.VolunteersCalledonPeopletoHelptheHomeless

D.ChicagoWomanTriedHardtoSavetheHomeless

7.Whattypeofwritingisthetext?

A.Alabreport.B.Anewsreport.

C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencefiction.

阅读理解

Thissummer,asthecapitalofEnglandbecamewarmerthanbefore,therehasbeenmanystoriesfromLondoners

experiencingoddinsectbites.EventheLondonUndergroundhasitsownspeciesofmosquitowithaparticularappetite

forhumanblood.

ThemaininsectsoutforyourbloodinLondonaremosquitoesandhorseflies（马蝇）.And,asthatSpacesongsaid,

thefemalesofthesespeciesaremoredeadlythanthemales,beingtheonesthatseekoutanimalbloodasextranutrition

fortheireggs.Horseflieshaveaparticularlycruelbiteusingtheirjawstobiteintoourskinlikeacarvingknifeuntil

theybreakabloodvessel（血管）.Mosquitoesaremoresecretattacker,bitingusverypreciselywiththeirneedle-sharp

mouth.

IntheUK,theseinsectsareusuallyharmless.Thekeythingtoknowabouttheseinsectsisthatthey'refarmore

activeinwarmweather."Insectshaveaspecialandspecificrelationshipwithheat,"saysVickiSimsfromLadyBug

PestControl."Theriseintemperatureseesinsectsgrowfaster.Yearonyear,manyspeciesarealteringtheirbehaviour

andbiologytofollowthetrendsoftheseasons."So,whatdoesthismeanforthestateofourskin?Longandwarm

Londonsummersmeanwemayseemoreoftheinsectsweexpect,butsomenewoneswedon't."Theonlything

separatingusfromspecieslikemosquitoesthatcarrypublichealthrisksinotherpartsoftheworld,isclimate,

geographyandmorethanalittleluck,"saysSims.

ConcernsaboutincreaseofalienspeciesintheUKaregrowing.Usuallyarrivingwithinternationalshipments,

traditionally"insectspeciesbroughtoverwoulddieoutrelativelyquicklybecauseofourcoldweather,"saysNatalie

BungayfromtheBritishPestControlAssociation."Butastheweatherwarmsupthere'smorechancethatthey'll

surviveandbecomeaproblem,soeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible."

8.Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1?

A.Tointroducethemaintopic.B.Toclarifytheauthor'sstand.

C.Toarousethereaders1concern.D.Tosummarizethewholetext.

9.Whydofemaleinsectsfavouranimalblood?

3

A.Theybecomehungrymoreeasily.B.Theyhavestrongermouths.

C.Theyaremoresensitivetoblood.D.Theyneedmorenutritionforeggs.

10.Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Theinsectsgrowfastinwarmweather.

B・Newspecieswillincreaseincoldweather.

C.Mostspeciescan'tadapttothechangingclimate.

D.Wecanonlydependonlucktoavoidpotentiallyharmfulinsects.

11.WhatisNatalieBungay*sattitudetowardstheriseoftemperature?

A.Optimistic.B.Worried.C.Unconcerned.D.Confused.

阅读理解

Chewingusesasurprisingamountofenergy.Anexperimentthatlookedattheenergyuseassociatedwithchewing

gumfoundthatitcanincreasebodilyenergyusebyupto15percent.

AdamvanCasterenattheUniversityofManchesterintheUKandhiscolleaguesmeasuredenergyusein21

peoplebetween18and45yearsoldastheychewedgumfor15minutes.Eachparticipantwasaskedtochewtwotypes

ofgum-onesoftandtheothertough-sotheycouldcomparetheeffectsofthegum'spropertiesontheparticipants*

energyuse.Energyusewasmeasuredusingaspeciallymadecapcoveringtheparticipants'heads."Youcanusethecap

toworkouthowmuchenergyisbeingused,"saysCasteren.Beforetheexperiment,theparticipantshadallwornthe

capwhiletheysatwatchingafilminorderfortheresearcherstoknowtheirbaselevelenergyuse.

Theresearchersfoundthatchewingthesoftgumincreasedenergyex—enditurebyabout10percent,while

chewingthetoughergumincreasedthisusebyaround15percent.Casterensaysit'sinterestingthatasmallchangein

thepropertiesofthegumhadsuchacleareffectonenergyuse.

Thefindingssuggestthattheenergyuserequiredtochewalsoexplainwhywedevelopedsuchstrongteethforthe

action.Anyamountofenergylostwhilechewingfood,makesthemealalessefficientsourceofenergy,sowemust

finishtheactionassoonaspossible.

DylanThompsonattheUniversityofBathintheUKsaystheincreaseisstillonlyasmallamountoverall."Itwill

contributelessthan1percentoftotaldailyenergyusebecauseofrelativelyshortdailychewingtime,"hesays.

12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Comparisonbetweensoftandtoughgum.

B.Theresultofanexperimentaboutenergyuse.

C.AdamvanCasteren'sopinionaboutchewinggum.

D.Anexperimentaboutenergyusewhenchewinggum.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"expenditure"inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Digestion.B.Transportation.

C.Consumption.D.Production.

14.Whydohumanbeingsdevelopstrongteethaccordingtothetext?

A.Toeatmorefoodatameal.B.Toreduceenergyloss.

C.Tomakethemeallessefficient.D.Tobreakdownfoodthoroughly.

15.WhatdoesDylanThompsonprobablyagreewith?

A.Chewingtimeofhumansisincreasing.

B.Chewingisnotanimportantpartofourlife.

C.Chewingdoesn'tusemuchenergyinourdailylife.

D.Thereisnorelationshipbetweenenergyuseandchewing.

二'任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whatkeepsushealthyandhappyaswegothroughlife?Theclearestmessagethatwegotfroma75-yearstudyis

this:Goodrelationshipskeepushappierandhealthier.16.

Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus,andthatlonelinesskills.Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoare

moresociallyconnectedtoothersarehappier.17.Onthecontrary,theexperienceoflonelinessturnsout

tobeharmful.Therearesomepeoplewhoaremorelonelythantheywanttobe.Theyfindthattheyarelesshappy,

theirhealthdeclinesearlierinmidlife,andtheyliveshorterlivesthanpeoplewhoarenotlonely.

Andweknowthatyoucanbelonelyinacrowdandyoucanbelonelyinamarriage.Sothesecondbiglessonthat

welearnedisthatit*snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit*snotwhetherornotyou*reinacommitted

relationship,butit*sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters.18.High-conflictmarriages,for

example,withoutmuchlove,turnouttobeverybadforourhealth.

Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsisthatgoodrelationshipsdon'tjustprotectourbodies,

theyprotectourbrains.Itturnsoutthatbeinginasecurelyattachedrelationshipisprotective.Manypeoplearein

relationshipswheretheycangethelpfromtheotherpersonsintimesofneed.19.

So,goodandcloserelationshipsaregoodforourhealthandwell-being.20.Thisiswisdomthat'sas

oldasthehills.Now,askyourselfaquestion:Ifyouweregoingtoinvestnowinyourfuturebestself,wherewouldyou

putyourtimeandyourenergy?

A.Thesepeople'smemoriesstaysharperandlonger.

B.We'velearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.

C.Thatistosay,thegoodlifeisbuiltwithgoodrelationships.

D.What'smore,they'rephysicallyhealthier,andtheylivelonger.

E.Itturnsoutthatlivingintheconflictisreallybadforourhealth.

5

F.Theywillsurprisinglyfindthatthisrelationshipcausementaldecline.

G.Peoplelivinginlonelinessareeitherinsorroworterriblehealthcondition.

三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Once,therewasasmall,unkeptandratherpoorvillage.Peoplehadtoworkhardto21.themselves.

Johnnylivedinawoodenhutwithhisoldgrandma.Hehaddreamedtomovetoabigcityhehadnever___

22.before.

AllofJohnny'sfriendshadleftforalong23.inbigcities.OnlyJohnny,whowas24.all

summerlong,andcouldn'tevengotothenearestcityforamoment.

Johnny25.walkedintothehutandsankontothemuddybrownsofa."Areyouokay,dear?"His

grandmaasked."No!"Johnny26..nMyfriendsarealltakingtripstoothercities,evencountries,andI'm___

27.inthisplace!"Johnny'sGrandmawas28.."Johnny,"shebegan.Immediately,Johnnyinterrupted.

"I'mgoingtomyroom!"Hethenbolted（冲）towardshisroom.

Oneday,Johnny29.up.Hewalkedoutsidetolookatthegoldensun30.overthehorizon,

standingfirmagainsttheoceanandbluesky.Soonafter,hisgrandmawentovertostandnearJohnny."Listen,Johnny,"

she31.."Lookattheskyandtheocean.Aren'ttheysplendid?Youwon't32,theminacity,would

you?"Justthen,afewwolfcubs（幼崽）couldbe33.attheendofthevillage.nSeethosewolfcubs?Aren't

theyso34.?Idon'tthinkyouwouldfindthemcrawlingaroundabigcity."ThismadeJohnny___

35.howbeautifullifeis,andhe'sluckytoevenliveinavillage.

21.A.remindB.supportC.enjoyD.behave

22.A.visitedB.imaginedC.describedD.introduced

23.A.gatheringB.treatmentC.ceremonyD.vacation

24.A.curiousB.regretfulC.boredD.amused

25.A.unhappilyB.unbelievablyC.unexpectedlyD.unconsciously

26.A.brokedownB.passeddownC.pointedoutD.burstout

27.A.interestedB.absorbedC.stuckD.involved

28.A.disappointedB.shockedC.inspiredD.ashamed

29.A.wokeB.turnedC.gaveD.grew

30.A.landingB.wanderingC.risingD.burning

31.A.recalledB.complainedC.shoutedD.announced

32.A.shareB.drawC.findD.miss

33.A.boughtB,spottedC.raisedD.rejected

34.A.wonderfulB,pitifulC.fierceD.respectful

6

35.A.rememberB.imagineC.suspectD.realize

四'语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beijinghad204museums,including18first-classones,bytheendof2021,36.(rank)thetopin

Chinaandbeingoneofthecitieswiththerichestmuseum37.(resource)intheworld.

Recently,BeijingRadio&TelevisionStationlaunchedaculturalprogrammenamed"TheCityofMuseums",一

38.deeplyexplorestheuniquevalueofChinesecivilization,39.(interpret)the

nationalspiritandshowcasesthecapital'sprofoundculturalconnotationandthecharmofthetimes.

Untilnowsixepisodesoftheprogramme_

40.(broadcast)whilethenumberofdiscussionsofthetopic

onlinehasexceeded1billion,providingaculturalfeastfortheaudience.Theshowexploresthebeautyofculturefrom

a4L(total)newperspective.Thehostsvisitedeightmuseumswithdifferentcharacteristicsin

Beijing,42.presentedayet-to-beexploredareaineachmuseumforthefirsttime.

Many"treasures"ofthosemuseumsappearedforthefirsttime,such43.thepaintingbythe

EmperorQianlong(1711—1799)inWanshouTemple,theoriginalpaintingsinXuBeihongMemorialHall,and—

44.(return)culturalrelicsintheMuseumofthePrinceGong'sMansion.

Throughtheexplorationandexhibition,theaudiencewouldenterthe"hiddenworld"ofthosemuseumsby

followingthehosts1steps,learningthebroadnessand45.(deep)ofChinesecivilizationdeeply.

五、写作(共两节，满分40分)

46.假定你是高中生李华，正在伦敦做交换生。大英博物馆(theBritishMuseum)正在招聘兼职导游。请你给招

聘负责人史密斯先生写一封信，申请这一职位。内容如下：

1)自我介绍；

2)想做兼职导游的原因；

3)应聘兼职导游的自身优势。

注意：

1)写作词数应为80左右；

2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearMr.Smith,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

TheCupofCoffee

7

Itwassupposedtobeanormaltriptothesupermarket.Mysonwaslittle,anditwasgettingclosetotimetohavea

littlesleep,soIwasrushingthroughtheaislestryingtoavoidafailure.IrememberfeelingasenseofachievementasI

gothimintothecarwithoutanytears.ThenIwenttostartthecarandrealizedmykeysweregone.Afterafewminutes

ofcheckingaround,IrealizedthatImusthavelockedtheminthetrunkwithmybag.

Iwasn'tsurewhattodo,soItookmysonoutofhiscarseatandwentbackinsidethestorewithmycartstillfull

ofgroceries.IhadtousetheirphonestocallmyhusbandforthesparekeybecausemyphonewasinthebagIhad

lockedinthetrunk.Aftermultiplecallsandmessageswithnoanswer,Iwasgettingdiscouraged.Mysonwastiredand

begantocry.Iwastiredbecauseofasleeplessnightthatallmumsgothrough-whentheirkidsareteething.Whenhe

wentintofull-oncrying,Ifeltthetearscomedownmyface,too.

Anemployeeatthestoretappedmeontheshoulderandaskedmetocomewithher.Iwaspanickedforamoment,

thinkingthatIwasgoingtobescoldedandthrownintothestorageareatokeepusquiet.Theemployee,whosenameI

wouldlaterfindoutwasKelly,tookme,tomysurprise,totheStarbuckscafethatwasinsidethestore.Sheaskedmeif

Idrankcoffee.WhenIsaidyes,shewalkedovertothecounterandcamebackwithoneforme.Shesaidthatitlooked

likeIwashavingoneofthosedaysandthat,asamum,shehadthem,too.ItoldherhowstupidIfeltlockingmykeys

inthecar,andsheassuredmeithappenedtoalotofpeople.Aswetalked,mysonsettledintoasoundsleepinmy

arms.

注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Afteraboutfifteenminutes,shesaidherbreakwasover.

AfterIgothomethatday,IkeptthinkingaboutwhatKellyhaddoneforme.

8

答案解析部分

【答案】1.A

2.D

3.B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是旅游机构给出旅游前的注意事项，包括：订票规定、订票步骤和一些

特殊注意事项。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题

干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。

1.考查细节理解。根据BookingRegulations部分中的"Pleasebookaticketassoonaspossiblebecausetherates

mayvaryatdifferenttimes.”请尽快订票，因为不同时间票价可能不同。可知，费用在不同时期可能有浮动，应

该尽快订票。故选A。

2.考查细节理解。根据BookingProceduresandE-tickets部分中的"Youwillreceiveabookingreceiptbye-mail

immediatelyaftersubmissionofbookinginfbrmation.”在递交订位资料后，你会立即以电邮收到订位收据。可

知，在提交预定申请后，你将马上收到以邮件形式发送的预定收据，故选D。

3.考查细节理解。根据SpecialNotes部分中的"Leavethehotelimmediatelyifyouhearafirealarm."如果听到

火警，请立即离开酒店。可知，如果你听到火情警报，马上离开酒店。故选B。

【答案】4.C

5.A

6.D

7.B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了芝加哥一位妇女努力救助无家可归者，帮助他们过冬的事迹。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉

细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4.考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"AccordingtoPayne,eachroomcost$70pernight.”根据Payne的说法，每个

房间每晚花费70美元；以及"Strangersdonatedmoney,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfive

nights.”陌生人的捐款帮助Payne总共支付了5个晚上60个房间的费用。可知，每个房间每晚70美元，她一

共付了60个房间5个晚上的钱，所以Payne总共付了21,000美元。故选C。

5.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"However,shecouldn'tstopthinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleinthearea

whohadnowheretogo.“然而，她无法停止思考在该地区无家可归的人，他们无处可去；以及第五段中的

"Withouthesitating,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwithhercreditcard.”她毫不犹豫地用信用卡购买了30个

房间。可知，Payne是个既善良又大方的人。故选A。

6.考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn't

9

findshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.”最近，芝力口哥各地无家可归的人

如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。幸运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种情况发生。可知，本文主要讲述

了芝加哥一位妇女努力救助无家可归者，帮助他们过冬的事迹。故选D。

7.考查推理判断。通读全文，根据第一段"Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathif

theycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.”最近，芝力口哥各地无

家可归的人如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。幸运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种情况发生；以及以及

第三段中“'Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,thatwasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms/

PaynetoldTODAY."Payne告诉《今日》：“没有人想接纳他们，但有一家酒店---AmberInn非常好，允许我订

下这些房间。”可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了最近芝加哥一位妇女救助无家可归者的事迹。故选B。

【答案】8.A

9.D

10.A

11.B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了随着气温的上升，英国的蚊虫更加猖獗，但本土蚊虫并不会对人

产生危害。但是日益升高的温度可能会导致外来蚊虫物种的侵入，这可能会给英国带来麻烦。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大

意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再

次阅读并检查。

8.考查推理判断。根据第一段"Thissummer,asthecapitalofEnglandbecamewarmerthanbefore,therehasbeen

manystoriesfromLondonersexperiencingoddinsectbites.EventheLondonUndergroundhasitsownspeciesof

mosquitowithaparticularappetiteforhumanblood.”今年夏天，随着英国首都变得比以前更暖和，伦敦人发生了

许多奇怪的昆虫叮咬的故事。就连伦敦地铁也有自己的蚊子，特别喜欢人类的血液。可知，本段介绍了随着

温度的上升，伦敦的人们越来越多地受到蚊虫叮咬。本段联系生活实际，展示了一个蚊虫日益猖獗的现象，

进而引出下文对此现象的剖析。故选A。

9.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"thefemalesofthesespeciesaremoredeadlythanthemales,beingtheonesthat

seekoutanimalbloodasextranutritionfortheireggs.”这些物种的雌性比雄性更致命，因为它们会为自己的卵寻

找动物的血液作为额外的营养。可知，雌性蚊虫要吸取动物的血为它们的卵提供额外的营养。故选D。

10.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Thekeythingtoknowabouttheseinsectsisthatthey'refarmoreactivein

warmweather.”关键要知道，这些昆虫在温暖的环境下更加活跃；以及"Theriseintemperatureseesinsectsgrow

faster.”温度上升使昆虫生长更快。可推断，昆虫在温暖的环境下生长的更快速。故选A。

11.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Butastheweatherwarmsupthere'smorechancethat,theyllsurviveand

becomeaproblem,soeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible.,9NatalieBungay认为，随着温度的上

10

升，它们有可能存活下来，造成麻烦，所以我们应该尽快采取措施应对。可推知他的态度是担忧的。故选B。

【答案】12.D

13.C

14.B

15.C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了咀嚼会消耗人体能量。AdamvanCasteren通过做咀嚼软、硬口香

糖消耗能量的实验证实了这个观点。但是由于人们每天咀嚼的时间很短，所以不会消耗太多能量。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅

读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。

12.考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"Eachparticipantwasaskedtochewtwotypesofgum一onesoftandtheother

tough-sotheycouldcomparetheeffectsofthegum'spropertiesontheparticipants*energyuse.“每个参与者都被要

求咀嚼两种类型的口香糖——一种是软的，一种是硬的——这样他们就可以比较口香糖的特性对参与者能量

消耗的影响。可知，本段主要讲述AdamvanCasteren通过做咀嚼软、硬口香糖的实验来测定咀嚼对人体能量

的消耗，即一个有关咀嚼口香糖消耗能量的实验。故选D。

13.考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"chewingthesoftgumincreasedenergyexpenditurebyabout10percent,while

chewingthetoughergumincreasedthisusebyaround15percent.”嚼软口香糖会增加10%的能量消耗，而嚼硬口

香糖会增加15%的能量消耗。可知，咀嚼软口香糖增加百分之十的能量消耗，而咀嚼硬口香糖增加百分之十

五的能量消耗。本句中energyexpenditure和thisuse表达同一个意思，所以expenditure的意思是"消耗"。故选

Co

14.考查推理判断。木艮据第四段"Thefindingssuggestthattheenergyuserequiredtochewalsoexplainwhywe

developedsuchstrongteethfortheaction.Anyamountofenergylostwhilechewingfood,makesthemealaless

efficientsourceofenergy,sowemustfinishtheactionassoonaspossible.”研究结果表明，咀嚼所需的能量也解释

了为什么我们的牙齿如此强壮。在咀嚼食物时损失的任何能量都会使这顿饭的能量来源变得更低，所以我们

必须尽快完成这个动作。可知，这些发现表明，咀嚼造成的能量消耗也解释了为什么我们会进化出咀嚼所需

的锋利的牙齿。可推知，长锋利的牙齿是为了尽快完成咀嚼的动作，进而降低咀嚼所消耗的能量。故选B。

15.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Itwillcontributelessthan1percentoftotaldailyenergyusebecauseof

relativelyshortdailychewingtime.”由于每天的咀嚼时间相对较短，它只占每日总能量消耗的不到1%。可知，

由于每天咀嚼的时间相对较短，每天咀嚼所消耗的能量占比小于百分之一，可推知，DylanThompson可能认

为在日常生活中，咀嚼不会消耗太多能量。故选C。

【答案】16.B；17.D；18.E；19.A；20.C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，阐释了好的社会关系让我们健康快乐。第一，社会关系让我们更快乐、

身体更好。第二，良好的社会关系才能产生益处。第三，良好的社会关系不仅保护身体，还能保护大脑。所

11

以，我们应该考虑一个问题：我们应该把时间和精力投资在何处？

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和

推理判断能力。

16.根据第二段中的"Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus”第一，社会关系对我们真的很好；

第三段中"Sothesecondbiglessonthatwelearnedisthatit'snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit'snot

whetherornotyou*reinacommittedrelationship,butit'sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters”因止匕，我

们学到的第二个重要事情是，重要的不仅仅是你有多少朋友，也不是你是否处于一段忠诚的关系中，而是你

亲密关系的质量；以及第四段中的"Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsisthatgood

relationshipsdon'tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains”我们从人际关系中学到的第三个重要事情是，良

好的人际关系不仅能保护我们的身体，还能保护我们的大脑。可知，下文要从三个方面来阐释社会关系。B选

项中"threebiglessons"与之相对应，B.We'velearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.我们已经从人际关

系中吸取了三大教训。”符合语境，故选B。

17