细胞生物学（补学线上课程）学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

细胞生物学（补学线上课程）学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年Mitochondriaperformcellularrespiration,aprocessthatusesoxygen,generatescarbondioxide,andproduceschemicalenergyforthecell.Whichanswerbelowindicatesacorrectpairingofmaterial“burned”andtheformofenergyproducedduringcellularrespiration?

答案:sugar,ATPWhichofthefollowingcomponentsoftheelectron-transportchaindoesnotactasaprotonpump?(5.0)

答案:cytochromecBydefinition,prokaryoticcellsdonotpossess__________.

答案:anucleusThenucleus,anorganellefoundineukaryoticcells,confinesthe__________,keepingthemseparatedfromothercomponentsofthecell.

答案:chromosomesWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmitochondrialdivisionistrue?(5.0)

答案:MitochondrialdivisionismechanisticallysimilartoprokaryoticcelldivisionCellbiologistsemploytargetedfluorescentdyesormodifiedfluorescentproteinsinbothstandardfluorescencemicroscopyandconfocalmicroscopytoobservespecificdetailsinthecell.Eventhoughfluorescencepermitsbettervisualization,theresolvingpowerisessentiallythesameasthatofastandardlightmicroscopebecausetheresolvingpowerofamicroscopeislimitedbythe__________oflight.

答案:wavelengthWhichofthefollowingorganelleshasbothanouterandaninnermembrane?

答案:mitochondrionCompoundsthatarenotinvolvedinthecompositionoftherespiratorychainare:(5.0)

答案:carnitineWhichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesthemitochondrialinnermembrane?(5.0)

答案:ItcontainstransportersforATPmoleculesProkaryoticcellsareabletoevolveveryfast,whichhelpsthemtorapidlyadapttonewfoodsourcesanddevelopresistancetoantibiotics.Whichoftheoptionsbelowliststhethreemaincharacteristicsthatsupporttherapidevolutionofprokaryoticpopulations?

答案:largepopulation,rapidgrowth,canexchangeDNAStage1ofoxidativephosphorylationrequiresthemovementofelectronsalongtheelectron-transportchaincoupledtothepumpingofprotonsintotheintermembranespace.Whatisthefinalresultoftheseelectrontransfers?(5.0)

答案:O2isreducedtoH2OThehallmarkenzymesontheinnermitochondrialmembraneare:(5.0)

答案:CytochromeoxidaseWhatisthesmallestdistancetwopointscanbeseparatedandstillresolvedusinglightmicroscopy?

答案:0.2μmMitochondriacontaintheirowngenome,areabletoduplicate,andactuallydivideonadifferenttimelinefromtherestofthecell.Nevertheless,mitochondriacannotfunctionforlongwhenisolatedfromthecellbecausetheyare__________________.

答案:endosymbiontsWhichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesmitochondrialDNAmoreaccurately?(5.0)

答案:CircularDNAthatisslightlydifferentfromthenuclearDNAcodeWhichstatementisNOTtrueabouttheevents/conclusionsfromstudiesduringthemid-1800ssurroundingthediscoveryofcells?

答案:ScientistscametotheconclusionthatnewcellscanformspontaneouslyfromtheremnantsofrupturedcellsWhatunitoflengthwouldyougenerallyusetomeasureatypicalplantoranimalcell?

答案:micrometersThetransportersthatcantransferelectronsdirectlytooxygenintherespiratorychainare(5.0)

答案:CytochromeA3Membranelipidsarecapableofmanydifferenttypesofmovement.Whichofthesedoesnotoccurspontaneouslyinbiologicalmembranes?

答案:switchingbetweenlipidlayersTheplasmamembraneservesmanyfunctions,manyofwhichdependonthepresenceofspecializedmembraneproteins.Whichofthefollowingrolesoftheplasmamembranecouldstilloccurifthebilayerwerelackingtheseproteins?(3.4)

答案:selectivepermeabilityWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthephysiologicalroleofsodiumpumpsisfalse?(3.3)

答案:SinceNa+andK+areremovedfromthecell,watermoleculesarepreventedfromenteringthecellAstheconcentrationoftheligandincreases,whenallthereceptorsbindtotheligand,theywillnolongerbindtootherligands,andthispropertyiscalledreceptor(3.4)

答案:SaturationThestimulationofamotorneuronultimatelyresultsinthereleaseofaneurotransmitteratthesynapsebetweentheneuronandamusclecell.Whattypeofneurotransmitterisusedattheseneuromuscularjunctions?

答案:acetylcholineWhichofthefollowingmembranelipidsdoesnotcontainafattyacidtail?(3.4)

答案:cholesterolThelipidbilayerofthecellmembraneis:(3.3)

答案:BarriersbetweencellcontentsandthecellenvironmentInamethodcalledpatch-clamping,aglasscapillarycanbeconvertedintoamicroelectrodethatmeasurestheelectricalcurrentsacrossbiologicalmembranes.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthepatch-clampmethod?

答案:Single-channelpatch-clamprecordingshavedemonstratedthatgatedmembranechannelswillonlyopenandcloseinresponsetospecificstimuliNegativelychargedionsarerequiredtobalancethenetpositivechargefrommetalionssuchasK+,Na+,andCa2+.Whichofthefollowingnegativelychargedionsisthemostabundantoutsidethecellandwhichiondoesmostoftenneutralize(writteninparentheses)?

答案:Cl–(Na+)Whichofthefollowingtypesoftransportationdoesnotconsumeenergy?(3.3)

答案:FacilitateddiffusionWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGABAreceptorsisnottrue?

答案:TheypromoteneuronaluptakeofNa+Whenthenetchargeoneithersideoftheplasmamembraneiszero,whatelseistrue?

答案:TheelectrochemicalpotentialacrossthemembraneiszeroBothglycoproteinsandproteoglycanscontributetothecarbohydratelayeronthesurfaceofthecell.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueofglycoproteins?

答案:TheyhavelongcarbohydratechainsThewayinwhichtransmembranechannelproteinstransportionsbelongs(3.4)

答案:PassivetransportationGlucoseismediatedbycarrierproteinsandentersredbloodcellsinthefollowingways:(3.3)

答案:FacilitateddiffusionFormationofalipidbilayerisenergeticallyfavorable.Howdoesthisarrangementresultinhigherentropyforthesystem,andthusmakebilayerformationenergeticallyfavorable?

答案:WatermoleculesformcagelikestructuresaroundhydrophobicmoleculesThelateralmovementoftransmembraneproteinscanberestrictedbyseveraldifferentmechanisms.Whichmechanismbestdescribestheprocessbywhichnutrientsaretakenupattheapicalsurfaceoftheepithelialcellsthatlinethegutandreleasedfromtheirbasalandlateralsurfaces?

答案:proteinmovementislimitedbythepresenceofadiffusionbarrierProteinsthatarefullytranslatedinthecytosolandlackasortingsignalwillendupin____.

答案:thecytosolVesiclesfromtheERentertheGolgiatthe______.

答案:cisGolginetworkWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsecretionistrue?

答案:Themembraneofasecretoryvesiclewillfusewiththeplasmamembranewhenitdischargesitscontentstothecell’sexteriorWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutphagocyticcellsinanimalsisfalse?

答案:PhagocyticcellsareimportantintheguttotakeuplargeparticlesoffoodWhichofthefollowingorganellesisnotpartoftheendomembranesystem?

答案:mitochondriaWhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheendoplasmicreticulum(ER)isfalse?(3.3)

答案:ProteinstobedeliveredtotheERlumenaresynthesizedonsmoothERAfterisolatingtheroughendoplasmicreticulumfromtherestofthecytoplasm,youpurifytheRNAsattachedtoit.WhichofthefollowingproteinsdoyouexpecttheRNAfromtheroughendoplasmicreticulumtoencode?

答案:alloftheaboveYouareinterestedinFuzzy,asolubleproteinthatfunctionswithintheERlumen.Giventhatinformation,whichofthefollowingstatementsmustbetrue?(3.4)

答案:OncethesignalsequencefromFuzzyhasbeencleaved,thesignalpeptidewillbeejectedintotheERmembraneanddegradedTransloconisa____________(3.3)

答案:proteinchannelWhichofthefollowingchoicesreflectstheappropriateorderoflocationsthroughwhichaproteindestinedfortheplasmamembranetravels?(3.4)

答案:ER→Golgi→plasmamembraneWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutvesiclebuddingfromtheGolgiisfalse?(3.4)

答案:ClathrinmoleculesareimportantforbindingtoandselectingcargoesfortransportMostproteinsdestinedtoentertheendoplasmicreticulum_________.(3.3)

答案:begintocrossthemembranewhilestillbeingsynthesizedThesignalsequencethatdetermineswhetheraproteinwillbesynthesizedonafreeribosomeorribosomeattachedtoendoplasmicreticulumislocatedat_______(3.3)

答案:N-terminalWhatofthefollowingmoleculesisnottransportedthroughthesecretorypathwayofendomembranesystem?(3.3)

答案:nucleicacidsWhichofthefollowingproteinfamiliesarenotinvolvedindirectingtransportvesiclestothetargetmembrane?(3.4)

答案:adaptinsSignalsequencesthatdirectproteinstothecorrectcompartmentare_________.

答案:encodedintheaminoacidsequenceandsufficientfortargetingaproteintoitscorrectdestinationThefollowingstatementsaboutDNAreplicationareincorrect(4.0)

答案:DependentonRNApolymeraseComparedtothenormalsituation,inwhichactinmonomerscarryATP,whatdoyoupredictwouldhappenifactinmonomersthatbindanonhydrolyzableformofATPwereincorporatedintoactinfilaments?(4.0)

答案:ActinfilamentswouldgrowlongerTelomeresarepresentin(4.0)

答案:OnchromosomeReplicationofgeneticmaterialininterphaseis(4.0)

答案:EuchromatinreplicatesfirstWhichofthefollowingitemsisnotimportantforflagellarmovement?(4.0)

答案:sarcoplasmicreticulumWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?(4.0)

答案:ActinfilamentsareusuallyexcludedfromthecellcortexEachnucleosomebasicunitconsistsof()bases(4.0)

答案:200bpCytoskeletalfilamentsarepolymersof________________(4.0)

答案:proteinsMicrofilamentsarecomposedofglobularsubunitsof_____________(4.0)

答案:actinWhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?Kinesinsanddyneins____________________.(4.0)

答案:oftenmoveinoppositedirectionstoeachotherWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestructureofmicrotubulesisfalse?(4.0)

答案:α-Tubulinandβ-tubulinarecovalentlyboundtomakethetubulindimerthatthenassemblesintoprotofilamentsThenuclearenvelopeisoftenconnectedto()inthecytoplasm(4.0)

答案:RoughendoplasmicreticulumMethylationandacetylationarecommonchangesmadetohistoneH3,andthespecificcombinationofthesechangesissometimesreferredtoasthe“histonecode.”Whichofthefollowingpatternswillprobablyleadtogenesilencing?(4.0)

答案:lysine9methylationItisgenerallybelievedthatthenuclearenvelopeoriginatesfrom(4.0)

答案:EndoplasmicreticulummembraneVimentinisa___________(4.0)

答案:intermediatefilamentThemainsitesofRNAsynthesisare:(4.0)

答案:NucleolartissueareaThemaincomponentsareDNAandprotein(4.0)

答案:chromosomeYoucreatecellswithaversionofCdc6thatcannotbephosphorylatedandthuscannotbedegraded.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesthelikelyconsequenceofthischangeinCdc6?(3.3)

答案:CellswillbeunabletocompleteDNAsynthesisGenesthataredirectlyrelatedtothespecifictraitsofvariouscelldifferentiation(4.0)

答案:LuxurygenesThereasonforcelldifferentiationliesinthedifferentiatedcells()(4.0)

答案:Changesinitsinternalchemicals,suchasproteinsandenzymesthatmakeupthestructureNamethecyclinwhichtakespartinMphase?(3.4)

答案:CyclinBSpindlefibersaremadeupof___________(3.3)

答案:TubulinProgressionthroughthecellcyclerequiresacyclint