语法复习八动词时态和语态

动词时态一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种 2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。1.sit__________________________________2.write________________________________3.teach_________________________________4.swim_________________________________5.play___________________________________6.study____________________________________ 3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；Hehastostayathome,______________?汤姆死了10年。_____________________________________.Youmusthandinyourexercises.Hemustbeinthelibrary,__________________?Youcan______thebookforaweek.(借书)2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。begrowbecometurngolookseemappearkeepstayremain二、动词的时态：1.一般现在时结构______________2.用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come,leave,start,stop,be等开始或移动意义的词。）Thesun______________________________每天从东方升起。ThetraintoBeijing_____________________________明天七点出发。2、一般过去时结构_____________用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。Lastyearshe_________________________教我们的物理。HehaslivedinYueyangsince_______________________________他出生。3、一般将来时的结构_________________________________________________用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。他一到美国就会给你写信的。_________________________________________________________________4、现在进行时的结构________________________________用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）Thisyear_______________________________他在写一本书。5、过去进行进的结构_________________用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come,start,stay,leave,go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）wasgoingtodo可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。WhenIgottohishomehe_______________________________在上网玩游戏。6、现在完成时的结构____________________________用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since,for连用，3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Mary_________________________________弹钢琴5年了8、过去完成的结构___________________用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by,before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。Bytheendoflastterm,_________________________________我们学了10本书。Thefilm_______________________上演了halfanhourbeforewearrived.9、过去将来时的结构_____________________用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态Hetoldus__________________________明天和我们一起爬山。1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplaying B.plays C.wasplaying D.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlocked B.islocking C.haslocked. D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catch B.catches C.willcatch D.wascatching4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?A.happens B.ishappening C.willhappen D.ishappened5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.A.let B.lets C.isletting D.willlet6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.A.isgoingto B.willbe C.shall D.would7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He'llbeheresoon.A.comes B.iscoming C.hadcome D.came8.Theycan'tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.A.did B.aredoing C.havedone D.hasdone9."Hasheseenthisfilm?" "Yes.He______itseveraldaysago."A.saw B.hasseen C.hadseen D.wasseeing10.NowMikeisn'there.He______MrGreen's.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.A.wentto;iscoming B.hasgoneto;willcomeC.hasbeento;willbe D.isgoingto;hascome11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.A.haswashed B.washed C.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed12.Ihaven'tfinishedmycomposition. I______fortwohoursandahalf.A.havewrittenit B.havebeenwritingitC.wroteit D.amwrittingit13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____ShangHai,A.goto B.willgoto C.havebeento D.havegoneto14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.A.didn'tsay B.couldn'tspeakto C.said D.didn'ttell15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt16."When______schoolbegin?" "NextMonday."A.has B.does C.did D.isgoingto17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.A.leave B.notleave C.come D.return18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.A.willwork B.worked C.work D.havebeenworking19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.A.went B.willgo C.go D.havegone20.Itwassaidthathisfather______.A.hasdied B.died. C.hasbeendead D.haddied21.Wewon'tgounlessyou______soon.A.hadcome B.came C.willcome D.come22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.A.Theyhavebeen B.itis C.Itwas D.Thereare23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegoneto B.havebeento C.havebeenin D.havegoneinto24."Howlonghaven'tweseeneachother?""Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last."A.is/havemet B.was/hadmet C.is/met D.hasbeen/hadmet25."Haveyouseentheartexhibition?""No,_____there."A.itwasnotbeingheld B.theydidn'tholdC.ithadnotheld D.theywereholdingit26.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.stop B.willstop C.stopped D.hasstopped27."Where______therecorder?Ican'tseeitanywhere.""I_____itrighthere.Butnowit'sgone."A.didyouput/haveput B.haveyouput/putC.hadyouput/wasputting D.wereyouputting/haveput28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI______agooddrink.A.hadenjoyed B.wasenjoying C.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying29.Don'tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.A.come B.came C.willcome D.coming30.______you______?A.Do/marry B.Have/married C.Have/beenmarried D.Are/married31.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he'llgohome.A.sells B.hassold C.willhavesold D.willbesold32."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting33."Hurryup,you______onthephone.""Oh,I'mcoming.Thankyou."A.arewanted B.arebeingwanted C.want D.arewanting34.I______seeyou,butIdidn't,forIhadnotime.A.hadwantedto B.haswantedto C.wanted D.waswanted35.I______inGuangZhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.A.havelived B.wasliving C.willbeliving D.shallhavelived36.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthecollege.A.willbegraduating B.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduated D.isgraduating37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearth_____fromwesttoeast.A.turns B.turn C.hasturned D.hadturned38.Mybrother_____whilehe_____hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasriding B.fell/wereridingC.hadfallen/rode D.hadfallen/wasriding39.Billsaidhe____twenty-onethenextyear.A.wasgoingtobe B.wasabouttobe C.couldbe D.wastobe40.Itishightimeyou_____inbednow.A.are B.were C.willbe D.wouldbe41.Afterawhileanagreement_____.A.wasarrivedat B.wasarrivedin C.wasarrived D.hasbeenarrived42.TheairlinerfromBeijing_____at3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarrive B.hasarrived C.arrives D.isgoingtoarrive43.______,thatstepisnotsafe!A.Lookaround B.Lookup C.Lookout D.Lookdown44."Haveyou_____himtogiveupsmoking?" "No.I_____,buthewouldn'tlisten."A.persuaded/tried B.tried/persuaded C.tried/tried D.persuaded/persuaded45.Theresearchlaboratoryisgoingto______thenewtypeofcomputertouse.A.take B.make C.put D.send46.Idon'tknowwhenhe______,butwhenhe______,I'llletyouknow.A.willcome/comes B.comes/willcome C.comes/comes D.willcome/willcome47.Howmuchdoyouthinkthatvase_____?A.iscost B.used C.waspaidfor D.cost48.I_____thathewouldbeabletoleavetomorrow,butit'sbeginningtolookdiffcult. A.hope B.hadhoped C.hoped D.amhoping49.“Comeon,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.” “Oh,howniceofyou,I_____you_____tobringmeagift.” A.neverthink/aregoing B.neverthought/weregoing C.didn’tthink/aregoing D.hadn’tthought/weregoing50.It’saniceflat,butit_____aproperbathroom. A.haven’tgot B.hasn’tgot C.wouldn’tget D.doesn’thavegot51.Shehadashockwhensheheardthenews,_____? A.hadn’tshe B.didn’tshe C.wouldn’tshe D.won’tshe52.Thisliquid_____thesaltatroomtemperature. A.becamemixedwith B.wasmixedby C.mixeswith D.hasbeenmixingby

动词语态被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:Weoftenhelpthem.Theyareoftenhelpedbyus.4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，（经常被省略）④要注意be的各种形式变化，Treesareplantedeveryspring.宾补为动词不定式，如：Theyaskedhertosingasong.→Shewasaskedtosingasong.在动词make,see,hear,watch,notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tomwasseentocomeoutofthelab.②宾补为分词，如：Theyheardthemsingingatthetime.→Theywereheardsingingatthattime.1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。2、(1)一般现在时：NowEnglish______________教inallmiddleschoolsinourcountry.(2)一般过去时：TheGreathallofthePeople______________修建in1959.(3)一般将来时:When_______thework________________完成?(4)过去将来时：Hetoldusthatthework__________________完成thenextday.(5)现在进行时：Yourcar_________________________修理now.(6)过去进行时：Thechild______________检查bythedoctorwhentheycamein.(7)现在完成时：Thework___________________________还没完成yet.(8)过去完成:Thenewplan_______________已经制定beforethesecondexperimentbegan. 3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：Thenewmachinewasinventedbya20-year-oldyoungworker.54.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired55.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneissuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried56._______thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.Thathopes D.Ithopes57.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. ----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken58.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleaned B.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned60.Youshouldkeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areshouldkeepcleanB.shouldkeptcleanC.shouldbekeptcleanD.shouldhavebeenkeptclean63.Hedoesn'tdohishomeworkeveryday.----Hishomework______byhimeveryday.A.doesn'tbedone B.aren'tdoneC.don'tbedoneD.isn’tdone64.Wemusttakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.----Ourparents______whentheyareold.A.mustbetakencareB.mustbetookcarsC.musttakecareofD.mustbetakencareof65.Peoplelookdownuponhimbecauseheisaliar.----He_____becauseheisaliar.A.islookeddownB.islookeddownuponC.looksdownuponD.looksdown66.Fatherwillgivemeadictionaryonmybirthday.----Adictionary______mebyFatheronmybirthday.A.shallbegiventoB.willgiveC.shallgivetoD.willbegivingto67.Weelectedherleader. ----Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected69.Isawhimentertheroom. ----He______theroom.A.isseenenterB.isseentoenter C.wasseentoenter D.wasseenenter70.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard_____.A.toanswerB.tobeanswered C.tobeanswering D.foranswer71.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issounded C.issoundedtobe D.sounds72.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don'tkeepB.cannotbekept C.arenotkept D.arenotkeeping75.Doyouremember______?A.howitisdone B.ithowtobedone C.Howisitdoneby D.howtodo76.tohavebeenrich.A.TheysayB.Itissaid C.Heissaid D.Thatwassaid77.Mathematicsisdifficult______.A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning80.----Ican'tseetheblackboardverywell.----Perhapsyouneed______.A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexaminedC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes81.----Whereisthecoffeetable?----Tomjusthadit____away.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves82.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly84.---Wheredidyougetthathandsomepicture?----Itwas_____bymyfather.A.givenforusB.agifttousC.giventousD.agiftforus85.Ayounghenis______achicken.A.namedB.knownC.spelledD.called86.----Howd