语法导学案-虚拟语气

动词的语气（MoodofVerb）动词的语气（MoodofVerb）陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood)祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)陈述语气：表示说话者所说的是事实。Youareverycareful.你很细心。祈使语气：表示说话人对听话人的命令或请求。Don’tbenervous.不要紧张。虚拟语气：表示说话人的一种主观愿望、假想或建议。IwishIwereafilmstar.我希望我是个电影明星。虚拟语气（theSubjunctiveMood）一、If条件从句的虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldhelpher.如果我是你，我就帮助她。IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldbuyacar.如果我现在有足够的钱。我就买车了。IfIsawhimtonight,Iwouldletyouknow.如果今晚我看见她。我就通知你。Ifitshouldbefinetomorrow,hewouldcomehere.如果明天好，他就会来。Ifheweretocometomorrow,Imighttalkwithhim.如果他明天来，我或许跟他谈谈。IfIhadmetyouyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldyouaboutit.如果我昨天遇到你的话，我就会告诉你那件事。Ifhehadgotupearlierthismorning,hecouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.如果他今天早上早起一点儿的话，就赶上第一班车了【规律总结】根据上面的句子，完成下列表格，注意例句中是什么时间，主从句中的动词形式主句中的谓语动词从句中的谓语动词将来现在过去【巩固练习1】1.Davidisn’tthirsty.Ifhe______(be),he_________(drink)thewater.2.Mr.YaoMingisbusynow.Ifhe_______(be),he___________(visit)you.3.IfPeter______(come)toourschooltomorrow,he______(go)toartclass.4.IfAlfred________(pay)moreattentionatthetime,he______(notmiss)teacher’sinstruction.5.Ifshe_____(be)there,she_______(meet)somereallyinterestingpeople.【注意】If条件句虚拟中的特殊情况条件句中有were，had，should时，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。(1)WereITom（IfIwereTom）,Iwouldrefuse.(2)Shoulditbenecessary（Ifitshouldbenecessary）,Iwillgo.(3)Haditnotbeenforthebadweather(Ifithadnotbeenforthebadweather),wewouldhavearrivedintime.【注】①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldcome.2.错综时间的虚拟语气。假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词的时间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照各自假设的时间而定。Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.3.含蓄虚拟语气。有时，假设的情况不适用条件句来表达，而是由介词短语(without...没有…，butfor要不是…)，连词（but但是），副词（otherwise，or否则）等或上下文来表示。例如：Withoutelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.没有电，生活就和现在两样了。(1)Butforhishelp,Iwouldnothavefinished.(2)Iamnotanartist，orIwouldpaintitbymyself。【巩固练习2】1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_____allright.

A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe

2.______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.

A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen

C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen

3._______metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.

A.ShouldhecallB.Shouldhenothavebeenable

C.WerehenotableD.Arehenotable

4.____theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

5.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______tovisithisGrandpa.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming二.wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气IwishIwereabird.IwishIhadacarnow.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.IwishIhadfollowedyouradvice.Iwishmyparentswouldn’tpunishme.IwishTomcouldcometomorrow.IwishyoumightbeanotherBillGatesoneday.三.asif从句的虚拟语气Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Shetalkstomeasifsheknewme.Shetalksaboutitagainandagainasthoughshewouldneverend.Shetalksaboutitasifshemightbethemanager.【规律总结】就上面的例句，总结各从句中谓语动词的使用情况If条件状语从句Wish宾语从句Asif从句过去现在将来总结后，进行比较，你发现:______________________________________________四．与表达“要求，建议，命令”意义有关的名词性从句（主语，表语，宾语和同位语从句），谓语动词的虚拟语气使用：（should）do，shuold可以省略的形式。【练习巩固3】1.WesuggestedthatTom_______(have)arest.2.HeinsistedthatI_________(be)present.3.It’ssuggestedthattheplan_________(carryout)4.Mydemandisthatshe__________(come)toseemeonceaweek.5.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory___(closedown).【记忆一诀】一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire五.特殊记忆的句型1.It’s(about/high)time+that+过去时或者是shoulddo,should不能省略。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.(你该走了。)2.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!（要是我知道他的名字就好了）Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!(要是我听从父母的建议就好了。)IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!(要是我能再见他一次就好了。)3.Wouldrather，wouldprefer,wouldsooner和wouldassoone的虚拟语气从句中动词过去式表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟，过去完成式表示对过去情况的虚拟Iwouldratherwedidn’tgotoseeafilmthisevening.我宁愿今晚不去看电影。I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天就把这本书还了。Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/amazing/surprisingthat…(should)doItisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一门外语是很重要的。Itisstrangethatshe（should）refusetocometotheparty.奇怪的是她没有拒绝参加晚会。It’snecessarythatwe(should)studyhard.我们努力学习是很必要的。【练习巩固4】1.Ifit____________rain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．should B．will C．isgoingto D．wasto2.Heorderedthatthemedicine_____________byaspecialplane.A．wassentB．wouldbesent C．shouldsend D．besent3.Ifyou_____________themedicine,you____________betternow.A.took,wouldfeel B.hadtaken,feltC.hadtaken,wouldfeelD.took,wouldhavefelt4.Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifshe____________mymother.A．is B．was C．were D．hadbeen5.Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishI_____________so.A．didn’tdo B．hadn’tdoneC.haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo6.I’dratherhe______________tomorrowafternoon.A．willcome B．comes C．coming D．came我的疑问：虚拟语气110题A.语法导学案参考答案巩固练习1:(1)were;woulddrink