第四讲合同法

第四讲合同法Contracts合同法一、、ClassificationofContracts合同的分类1、ExecutedandExecutoryContracts2、Void,VoidableandUnenforceableContracts二、TheEssentialsofaValidContract有效合同的要素（1）Theremustbeanofferandacceptance.（2）Theremustbeconsideration.（3）Certaintypesofagreementareonlyvalidifmadeinaparticularform.（4）Thecontractpartiesmusthavetheintentiontocreatelegalrelations.（5）Thepartiesmusthavetheappropriatecapacitytocontract.（6）Theremustbegenuineconsentbythepartiestothetermsofthecontract,andthetermsmustbeclearandcertain.（7）Thecontractmustnothavebeenconcludedasaresultofundueinfluence,duressormisrepresentation.（8）Thecontractmustnotcontradictpublicpolicyorbeotherwiseillegal.（9）Thecontractmustbecapableofbeingperformed.三、ContractFormationoffer要约acceptance承诺consideration对价。Crossoffer交叉要约Consideration对价1、LapseofOffer要约的失效（1）Byrevocation（2）Byrejectionbytheofferee（3）Bycounter-offer（4）Bylapseoftime（5）Bydeathofeitherparty（6）Byfailureofconditionsubjecttowhichtheofferwasmade2、RequirementofAcceptance承诺的要求（1）Acceptancemustbemadeinthemannerexpresslyorimpliedlyprescribedbytheofferor.（2）Acceptancemustbemadebytheoffereeorbysomeoneactingwithhisauthority.（3）Acceptancemustbemadewithintheperiodofvalidityoftheoffer,orwithinareasonabletime.（4）Acceptancemustbeunqualifiedandshouldbedistinguishedfromacounter-offer,aconditionalassent,astandingoffer.3、TermsofaContract合同的条款(1)ConditionandWarrantyAconditionisanimportanttermwhichgoestotherootofthecontract,sothatitsnon-observancewillfrustratethemainpurposeofthecontract.Breachofaconditionwillgivetheinnocentpartyarighttorescindorrepudiatethecontract.However,theinnocentpartymayonhisownvolitionelecttogoonwiththecontract.Awarrantyisalessimportantcontractterm,breachofwhichwillonlygivetheinnocentpartytherighttosuefordamagesbutnottotreatthecontractdischarged.(2)TheParolEvidenceRule口头证据规则（3）CertaintyofTerms条款的确定性（4）ExemptionClause免责条款四、VitiatingFactors无效因素1、Mistakes错误2、Misrepresentation不当陈述3、Duress胁迫（1）DuresstoaPerson（2）DuresstoGoods（3）EconomicDuress4、IllegalContracts非法合同五、ProblemsInvolvingPersonsotherthanthePartiestotheOriginalContract1、IntendedBeneficial意定的受益人2、IncidentalBeneficiaries意外的受益人六、Discharge清偿或解除（即灭失）1、ByPerformance履行清偿PerforminGoodFaith诚实信用地履行合同义务2、ByFrustration合同受挫（ImpossibilityorImpracticabilityofPerformance履行不能或者不实际）3、ByOperationOfLaw由于法定理由4、ByRescission撤销，解除（1）Mutualrescission双方解除(2)Unilateralrescission单方解除5、ByRelease免除6、ByAccordandSatisfaction和解与清偿（1）Accord和解协议（2）Satisfaction清偿7、EffectofRunningofStatuteofLimitations经过法定时效七、BreachofContract违约1、BreachofContract违约（1）Expressrepudiation明确拒绝履行（2）Disablinghimselffromperforming使自己不能履行（3）Failuretoperformbytheduetime到期限届满时仍未履行2、ExcusesforNon-performance不履行的理由（不构成违约）（1）ImpossibleofPerformance不能履行或者履行不能（2）SuperveningIllegality事后违法Ifthesubjectmatterofthecontracthasbecomeillegalduetosubsequentlyenactedlaworothergovernmentalact,performancewillbedischarged.（3）FrustrationofPurpose目的受挫（4）CommercialImpractic