2024-2025学年高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdom单元综合同步课时作业含解析新人教版必修5

Unit2单元综合AAcampaign(活动）isbeinglaunchedtoencouragechildrentosurrender30minutesofscreentimeadaytoheadforthegreatoutdoors.

ThenewlyformedWildNetwork—acollaborationofnearly400organizations—isattemptingtoattractyoungstersawayfromtelevisionandcomputerscreenandtofields,woodsandparks.MembersofthenetworkincludetheNationalTrust,RSPB,PlayEnglandandtheNHS.OrganizerssayitistheUK'sbiggestevercampaigntoreconnectchildrenwithnatureandoutdoorplay,andclaimitcouldhelpimprovefitness,mentalalertness(机敏）andgeneralwell-being.

Adocumentaryfilm,ProjectWildThing,willforecastthelaunchatmorethan50cinemasacrosstheUKfromFriday.Itlooksattheincreasinglinkbetweenchildrenandnature.

AndySimpson,chairmanoftheWildNetwork,said,“Thetragictruthisthatkidshavelosttouchwithnatureandtheoutdoorsinjustonegeneration.Timespentoutdoorsisdown,roaming(闲逛）rangeshavefallenlargely,activitylevelsaredecliningandtheabilitytoidentifycommonspecieshasbeenlost.”

Suggestionsofhowtogetmoretimeinnatureincludecollectingconkers(七叶树果），campingorsnailracing,andobservingautumncolourontrees.

FromJanuary,thenetworkwillaimtomakesuggestionstopoliticiansonhowgovernmentcandomoretogetchildrenmuddyandbright-eyed.

Thisisnotthefirsttimethemessageoflessscreen,moreplayhasbeenbroughtup.Childreninthe1980swererequestedtodothesamebytheBBCTVseriesWhyDon'tYou,whichsomewhatconfusinglycalledonitsviewersto“switchoffyourTVsetandgotodosomethinglessboringinstead”.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surrender”inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Giveup. B.Getaround.

C.Takeup. D.Runaway.

2.ForwhatpurposeistheWildNetworkorganized?A.Tomakechildrenreadmorebooks.

B.Tohelpchildrendistinguish(辨别）thenaturalworld.

C.Toencouragechildrentoparticipateinoutdooractivities.

D.Togetchildrenoutoftoomuchhomeworkfromschool.

3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthatkidshavelosttouchwithnatureandtheoutdoors?

A.Timespentoutdoorsislessandactivitylevelsaredown.

B.Chancesoftravelingabroadarefewerandfewer.

C.Timespentonthestudyisdecreasing.

D.Theabilitytoidentifycommonspecieshasbeenimproved.

BToday'sBritainisfullofTVshowslikeFameAcademy,whichclaimtoofferyounghopefulsaninstantpassporttofameandriches.ButaverydifferentkindofacademymayprovideanewgenerationofBritswithaslower,steadierpathtowealth.

ApigacademyintheeastofEnglandisaimingtotrainupnewpigfarmerstohelppromotelocalagricultureandmeettheUK'sgrowingdemandforpork.Lastyearconsumptionofporkproductsincreasedby6,000tonnes.ButBritishfarmershavenotbenefitedfromthisriseindemand.Acombinationofincreasingfeedprices,competitionfromcheaperimportsandanoutbreakoffootandmouthdiseasehavealleatenintotheirprofits.PignumbersintheUKhaveactuallyalmosthalvedinthelastdecade.

Now,FreshStartPigAcademyinLincolnshireislaunchingacoursewhichintendstoredress(修复）thebalance.Theysaypighusbandry(养猪业）isagrowthindustryandnewcomersarewelcome.Forthoseofyouwhofancygettingyourhandsdirty,thecoursewillteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknow,fromkeepingpigshealthytoraisingthecapitalneededtostartup.

PigfarmerAnneLongthorpfollowedherfatherintotheindustryandbelievesthatfarmingpigsisveryrewardingwork.“They'regreat,curiousanimalstoworkwith.Justwatchingtheirbehaviorit’sreallyinterestingwork.Thereisalotmoretopigfarmingthanpeoplegiveuscreditfor.It’sveryscientific.”

So，whilemostofBritain'syoungpeoplemaycontinuetodreamofovernightstardom(明星的地位），otherswhohopeforamoretraditionalcareerwillhelpthembringhomethebacon(熏猪肉）.

1.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout thepigacademycameintobeing.

A.whyB.howC.whenD.where

2.WhichisNOTthecontributiontothedecreaseinpigfarmers'enthusiasm?

A.Growingdemandforpork.

B.Increasingfeedprices.

C.Competitionfromcheaperimports.

D.Outbreakoffootandmouthdisease.

3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatthepigacademywillCTheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,ocean-goingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry’sdevelopment.ShipssetsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain’sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.

ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing’’aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship’sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(i.e.belowthe"boards")outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards),intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.’’

"Pipedown!",meaning”Bequiet!",isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship’sboatswain(水手长)wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.

MostnativeEnglish-speakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails'*—awhipwithnine,knotted(打结的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing(鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!1.TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause

.

A.theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworld

B.theygotmorewealthfromthesea

C.theyliveonanislandsurroundedbythesea

D.theyhadthelargestnavyever

2.Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis

.

A.secretive

B.honest

C.cheerful

D.dishonest

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youneedtogotosleepwhenaskedtopipedown.

B.Youwillbewhippedifyoudobusinessbelowdecks.

C.Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.

D.Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.

4.Thepassageismainlyabout

.

A.thebusinessonBritishsailingships

B.theinfluenceofBritishsailors’languageonEnglish

C.thesailinghistoryofEngland

D.thesailingstoryofBritishsailorsD

Takingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?

AresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheUSinterviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.

Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.

Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine(多巴胺),ahormone(激素)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity."Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine,“explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.”Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha!’momentstous.”

Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufee]youhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,"ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas".

Comparedwithsittinginfrontofacomputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,"explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”

Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn’tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind,whetherit’sawalkneartheocean,acountrydriveorreadingabookathome.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatchangescanshoweringcause?

A.Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.

B.Increasingthelevelofdopamine.

C.Leadingtoboredomortiredness.

D.Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.

2.Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp

___________.

A.turnone’sattentioninwards

B.drawone'sattentiontotheoutsideworld

C.makeanimportantbreakthrough

D.manychemicalchangestotakeplace

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Changesinthefrequencyofanactioncancreateanewperspective.

B.Itisagoodideatotalkwithothersabouttheirsourcesofinspiration.

C.Ourlivesmightfeellongerandfullerifwefrequentlytrynewthings.

D.Itishelpfultotrysomethingdifferentratherthanstayfocusedonadifficulttask.

4.TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto________.

A.encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspiration

B.pointouttoreadersthatit’shardtofindinspiration

C.explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders'dailylives

D.showthatcreativityoftencomesfromstrangeplaces

Gettingtosleepisallaboutthe4Rs—Regularity,Routine,aRestfulbedroomandtheRightbed.

1.

Regularity

Regularityofbedtimesandgetting-uptimeshelpsensuregoodsleep.

①___________Keepyourbedroomdarkwhileyouaresleepingsothatthelightwillnotinterferewithyourrest.Assoonasit'stimetowakeup,openthecurtainsorturnalighton.Lighthelpsyourbodyknowit’stimetowakeup.Planneddaytimenaps(小睡)arefine,butoversleepingwillruinyournight-timesleep.②___________

2.

Routine

Havingabedtimeroutine—likehavingabathbeforebed—willhelpyourbrainwinddownandprepareyouforsleep.Readingabookorlisteningtothesamepieceofcalmingmusiceverynightmayhelptoo.

③___________Writedownyourworriesandpossiblesolutionsbeforeyougotobed,andthenstopthinkingaboutthem!

3.

ARestfulbedroom

④___________Itisnotagoodideatouseyourbedfordoingwork,makingphonecallsetc.Helpyourbodyrecognizethatthisisaplaceforrestbygettingridofanythingwork-relatedbeforeyougotobed.

4.

TheRightbed

Youneedtolookafteryourbed.Turnthemattress(床塾)overeveryfewmonths.⑤___________A.

Trytostayawakealldayifyoucan.B.

Itshouldgetreplacedevery10yearsatleast.C.

However,stayingupisharmfultoyourhealth.D.

Yourbedroomshouldbeaplaceforsleepingonly.E.

Anxietyexcitesthenervoussystem,makingyoumorealert.F.

Itisnecessarytomakeyourbedroomcomfortabletolivein.G.

Ifpossible,tryandgotobedandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday.

IhavelearntalotaboutChineselifeandculturewhileteachinginChinaandfoundthemveryinteresting.

First,familylifeisquite

1

inChinafromthatintheUSA.IntheUSA,manyyoungpeople

2

homeaftertheyfinishtheireducationandstartworking.However,inChina,itis

3

forpeopletolivewiththeirparentsuntiltheygetmarried.

4

,manyofmyChinesefriendstoldmethattheir

5

livedwiththemandhelpedtakecareofthemwhentheywerechildren.ItseemsthatAmericansthinkindependenceismoreimportant

6

theChinesethinkfamilyrelationshipsaremoreimportant.

Bargainingisanother

7

thatIhavetriedtolearn.IntheUSA,pricesare

8

andyoucan'taskforaJowerprice.HoweverinsomesmallChinesestoresandtouristplaces,youare

9

tobargain.MyChinesefriendstaughtmetoaskfor40percentor

10

percent

11

theoriginalprice.Ifthesalespersondoesn’tagreetomyprice,Ishould

12

toleaveandhemightletmecomebackandsellmetheitem.Itisaskillthatyouhaveto

13

ifyouliveinChina.Tippinghasn'tbeeneasierto

14

.IntheUSA,manypeopleintheservice

15

wanttoget63moneyforservingcustomers.

TippingisnotapartofChineseculture.

16

Itriedtotipataxidriver,buthelookedalittle

17

andrefusedtotakethemoney.

Indinners,perhapswhatsurprisesanAmericanvisitormostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheir

18

.Actually,thisisa

19

oftruefriendshipandpoliteness.MyChinesefriendstoldmeif

Ididn'twanttoeatit,Ishouldjust

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thefoodintheplate.1.A.unique B.differentC.private D.harmonious2.A.come B.buildC.leave D.abandon3.A.regular B.true C.commonD.usual4.A.AlsoB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Although5.A.parents B.relativesC.babysittersD.grandparents6.A.while B.since C.when D.as7.A.way B.customC.method D.habit8.A.made B.agreedC.chargedD.set9.A.expected B.taughtC.suggestedD.required10.A.up B.away C.off D.on11.A.promise B.pretendC.decide D.hope20.A.tolerate B.understandC.practiceD.consider13.A.adjusttoB.turntoC.refertoD.stickto14.A.area B.departmentC.branchD.industry15.A.easyB.extraC.pocketD.prize16.A.Often B.OnC.SometimesD.Before17.A.excited B.satisfiedC.frightenedD.confused18.A.own B.childrenC.neighborsD.guests19.A.signalB.mark C.sign D.feature20.A.leaveB.remainC.put D.taste

Arainforestis

①___________​areacoveredbytalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallspreadingquiteequallythroughtheyear.Rainforestshaveagreateffectontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimate.

②___________theforestcover,theseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmosphere,

③___________(warm)therestoftheworld,losingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatterns,potentiallycausingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworld.

Inthepasthundredyears,humans④___________(begin)destroyingrainforestsinsearchofthreemajorresources:landforcrops,woodforpaperandotherproducts,andlandforraisingfarm⑤___________(animal).Thisactionaffectstheenvironmentasawhole.Forexample,alotofcarbondioxideintheaircomesfromburningtherainforests.People⑥___________(obvious)haveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtrees,butwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.

Rainforestsareoftencalledtheworld'sdrugstore.Morethan25%ofthemedicines

⑦___________areinusetodaycomefromplantsinrainforests.However,

⑧___________(few)than1%ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheir⑨___________(medicine)value.Itisextremelylikelythatourbestchancetocurediseases⑩___________(lie)somewhereintheworld’sshrinkingrainforests.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ˆ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的同用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

留意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

TodayisSunday.I’vebeeninCanadafortwomonths.ThisisthefirsttimethatI'vebeenawaymyfamilyforsuchalongtime.WiththehelpofTom，aroommateofme,I’vesoongotusedtolivewithoutmyparentsaround.Nancy,likemanyotherRussiangirls,areniceandlively.Webecamefriendsshortlyafterwemeeteachother.AlthoughherEnglishisalittlehardlytounderstand,weenjoychattingandweusuallytalkalotaboutourownfamily.We'rebothsurprisedthatChinesecultureorRussianculturearesodifferent.Nowwe'replanningasmallpartyforthenextSunday.

There,Nancywillintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.Ijustcan’wait.

假定你是李华，作为交换生在一所英国学校沟通学习。现在你即将回国，要作为学生代表在欢送会上发言，请按下列要点写一篇发言稿:1.表示感谢；2.学习的收获和感受；3.表达祝福。留意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案以及解析A答案：CCA解析：1.C细微环节理解题。依据其次段“reconnectchildrenwithnatureandoutdoorplay”可知，目的是把户外活动和接触大自然重新联系起来。2.C细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“confusinglycalledonitsviewerstoswitchoffyourTVsetandgotodosomethinglessboringinstead”可知，节目号召孩子们出去参与户外活动。

3.A细微环节理解題。依据第四段“Timespentoutdoorsisdown...hasbeenlost.”可知，花在户外活动上的时间变少了，活动水平下降了。

B答案：AABA解析：1.A依据本段内容可知答案为A项。

2.A推理推断题。依据其次段第四句可知，伺料价格上涨，廉价进口产品的竞争优势以及口蹄疫的爆发都削减了养猪农夫的热忱。对猪肉需求的增加并不是削减养猪农夫热忱的缘由，故选A项。

3.B推理推断题。依据第三段第三句可推断应选B项。

4.A推理推断题。依据第四段第一句可推断应选A项。C答案：1.C;2.B;3.B;4.D解析：1.其次段说明这座大楼的名字的由来:因为其外形像一块很薄很锐利的破玻璃(averythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass),因此选C。

2.其次段谈到设计师的想法:因为这座大楼的尖顶外形是伦敦传统的一部分(partofagreatLondontradition),因此选B。

3.第五段说有些指责家不喜爱碎片大厦所代表的意义,他们认为只有特别有钱的人才能住进那里,而这座大厦所在地却是穷人区,因此他们说碎片大厦是社会贫富等级分界的一个标记。由此可知选B。

4.全文介绍的是英国伦敦的欧洲第一高楼"碎片大厦"。文章开头说这座摩天大楼的修建变更了伦敦的外观,后面说到人们对这座摩天大楼的指责看法,文章的最终一段也点明白主题,因此D项能概括本文的内容。D答案：1.B;2.A;3.D;4.A

解析：1.考查细微环节理解。依据第四段"Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine(多巴胺),ahormone(激素)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity...Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring'Aha!'momentstous"可知,洗澡能提高多巴胺水平。所以B项正确。

2.考查细微环节理解。依据第五段的内容可知,假如一个人一整人都冥思苦想一个问题,洗个澡就有助于把留意力转移到内心感受上。故选A。

3.考查推理推断。依据最终一段的内容可以推断出尝试一些不同的事情而不是只专注于一件困难的任务是有益的。所以D项的表述符合作者的言外之意。A、B、C三项的表述要么不符合原文之意,要么原文没有提到。故选D。

4.考查细微环节理解。依据最终一段中的“Sotrytocreateyourownway

tofreeyourmind"可知,GertrudeStein的故辑是被用来激励读者找到他们6己获得灵感的方式的。故选A。答案：1.G2.A3.E4.D5.B

解析：本文主要介绍了睡眠的四大要素。1.G通过第一空前一句可知,睡觉和起床的规律性有助于确保良好的睡眠。其意与G项中的"gotobedandwakeupalthesametime"相对应。2.A通过其次空前一句可知,睡得过多会毁掉夜晚的睡眠由此可推出A项"假如可以的话,白天尽可能保持醒悟"正确。3.E由第三空后的关键词worries可推出E项"焦虑使神经系统兴奋,使你变得更加警觉"正确。4.

D由第四空后一句“Itisnotagoodideato

use…"可知D项"你的卧房应仅是个睡觉的地"正确。5.

B由第五空前一句每几个月须要翻动床垫可推出B项"至少每十年要换床垫"正确。答案：BCCADABDACBCADBBDDCA解析：试题分析：本文通过一个在中国工作的外籍老师的视角介绍了中国和美国在各种文化方面的差异，从家庭生活，讨价还价和给小费等方面进行比较。

1.B形容词辨析。A独特B不同C私人D和谐；本句指在中国家庭生活的方式和美国人是不一样的。

2.C动词辨析。A来B建设C离开D抛弃；在美国，年轻人完成学业起先工作以后就离开了家独立生活。

3.C形容词辨析。A有规律B真的C常见D平常；在中国和父母生活在一起直到结婚是很常见的。

4.A句意分析。而且，我的中国挚友还告知我，当他们小的时候，他们的祖父母在照看他们。

5.D上下文串联。句看法上句说明，指他们小的时候，他们的祖父母和他们生活在一起照看他们。

6.A连词辨析。While指然而，表示转折。美国人认为独立很重要，而中国人认为家庭联系更重要。

7.B名词辨析。A方法B风俗C教训D习惯；讨价还价也是中国的一个风俗。

8.D固定词组。Settheprice设定价格。在美国价格被设定以后就不能变更。

9.A动词短语。Expectsbtodosth期盼某人做某事；在中国别人会认为你会讨价还价的。

10.C固定用法。Off可以表示从原有价格上去除一部分。

11.B动词辨析。A承诺B假装C确定D希望；你假装离开，卖东西的人会把你叫住再把东西卖给你。

12.C动词辨析。A容忍B理解C实践D考虑；假如你在中国生活，这是一种你要实践的技能。

13.A短语辨析。A适应B求助C参考D坚持；指在中国给小费是不简单适应的。中国人不习惯接受小费。

14.D名词辨析。A地区B部门C分支D工业。Serviceindustry指服务业。

15.B形容词辨析。A简单B额外C零用的D嘉奖；在美国服务业的人都希望得到额外的钱。

16.B副词辨析。A常常B曾经C有时D以前；我曾经给司机小费，但是他看上去很困惑，拒绝接受。

17.D形容词辨析。A兴奋B满足C胆怯 D困惑；句看法上句说明。

18.D上下文串联。指中国人会给客人的碗里添食物。

19.C名词辨析。A信号B痕迹C症状，迹象，象征D特点；中国人认为给别人添食物是礼貌的象征。

20.A动词辨析。A留着B仍旧C放置D品尝；指假如