2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时素养评价八Unit3FasterhigherstrongerDevelopingideas含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGE九Unit3DevelopingideasⅠ.单句语法填空1.Thosewholiedandcheated(cheat)wouldnevergetawaywithit.2.Afterseveralmonths’devotion,remarkable(remark)economicresultshavebeenachieved.3.Defoevividly(vivid)narratedtheadventuresofRobinsonCrusoeonhisdesertisland.4.Fastasyoudo,youcan’tfinishtheassignment(assign)intwohours.5.Nevercorneranopponent(oppose),andalwaysassisthimtosavehisface.6.Intheend,thehardwareandsoftwaresystemsaredesigned,andthesoftwareispreliminarily(preliminary)tested.7.Sometimesafewwordsofcomforttotheonewhohasjustfailedmayencouragehimtostandupandeventrytomakeacomeback.8.Theyweredefeated(defeat)intheirattempttoreachthetopofthemountain.

9.Korea’scoachesdefendtheaction,sayingtheyhelpdevelopcourageandsteely(steel)nerves.10.Withtimeflying,thereisatendencytowardsregionalcooperation(cooperate).Ⅱ.选词填空gowild,upsanddowns,thanksto,fightone’sway,divefor,lessthan,catchupwith,setofffor,burstout,payoff1.Itislessthanamiletothebeach.

2.IfightmywaytolearnEnglishwell.

3.Weareboundtoseesomeupsanddownsalongtheroadtorecovery.

4.Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,you’dbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.

5.We’lldoourbesttocatchupwiththeadvancedworldlevels.

6.Thethiefmadeadiveforthedoor,butthedeskwasinhisway.

7.ItmakesMarygowildtohearMichaelJacksonsing.

8.ThankstotheEnglishlanguage,wecanlearnalotfromothercountries.

9.Whensheheardaboutthenewsthatherfatherhaddied,sheburstoutcrying.

10.Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyoureffortwillpayoffintime.

Ⅰ.阅读理解Thirteenyearsago,thePlanetEarthwildlifedocumentarytookusallonanamazingjourney.Wewentfromdeeprainforeststothebottomoftheocean.Nowanewone,OurPlanet,willletusseedifferentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.Thedocumentarycovers50countriesandareas.Ittookmorethanfouryearstoproduceit.Withthelatest4Kvideotechnology,theshowallowspeopleawonderfulnewlookatnature.“Peoplearegivenachancetobettergetthemselvesintothelivesoftheanimals,”saidFothergill,oneoftheshow’sproducers.BesidesshowingEarth’sbeauty,thedocumentaryalsotalksabouttheplanet’sclimateconditions.“OurPlanetisheretosay,’Theplanetisdying,andwe’rekillingit.’”Fothergillsaid.Inonesadscene,hundredsofwalruses(海象),half-blindwhenoutofthewater,falldownarockandsufferapainfuldeathonthebeachbelow.Itshowshowtheclimateconditionshaveinfluencedtheirnaturalhabitatandexplainswhythey’vebeenforcedtofindthesafeplaceontherocks.Butthedocumentaryisnotallaboutsadness.Italsotalksaboutsuccessstories,suchastheonesoftigers.Theseanimalsaresavedandlivehappilythankstointernationalagreementsonenvironmentalprotection.Askingmorepeopletotakeactioninprotectingourplanetisthefinalgoalofthenewdocumentary.Whatwedointhenext20yearswilldecidethefutureofalllifeonEarth.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《我们的星球》这部纪录片的制作、内容和目标。1.What’sthedocumentaryOurPlanetabout?A.Therelationshipbetweentheclimateconditionshumanactivities.B.Differentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.C.Thelivingconditionsofwalrusesandtigers.D.Thebeautyandcustomsof50countriesandareas.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第一段第三句“Nowanewone,OurPlanet,willletusseedifferentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.”可知,如今一部新的纪录片,《我们的星球》,会让我们看到不同的动物及人类对自然界产生的影响,故选B项。2.What’sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toexplainwhatourgoalisinthefuture.B.Tocallformorepeopletoprotectourplanet.C.Totellushowtheclimateconditionsinfluenceanimals.D.Tointroduceinternationalagreementsonenvironmentalprotection.【解析】选B。推理推断题。最终一段提到“让更多人实行行动爱护我们的星球是这部新纪录片的最终目标。我们在接下来的20年所做的事情将确定地球上全部生命的将来”,由此可推知,本段通过介绍纪录片的最终目标来呼吁更多人实行行动爱护地球。故选B。3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Ittookalotoftimeandeffortstomakethedocumentary.B.Thedocumentaryispopularinmanycountriesandareas.C.Weshouldhaveanewlookattheenvironmentalprotection.D.Ourgoalinthefutureisgettingalongwellwithanimals.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据第一段最终两句“Thedocumentarycovers50countriesandareas.Ittookmorethanfouryearstoproduceit.(这部纪录片涉及50个国家和地区。花费超过四年的时间来制作)”可知,制作这部纪录片花费了许多时间和努力。故选A。4.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Adictionary.C.Astorybook. D.Anewspaper.【解析】选D。推理推断题。通读全文,并结合第一段中“Nowanewone,OurPlanet,willletusseedifferentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.(如今另外一部纪录片,《我们的星球》,会让我们看到不同的动物及人类对自然界产生的影响)”可知,本文主要介绍了一部关于动物和人类与自然关系的纪录片,可能来自报纸。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifeisjustlikeabox.Insideitarehappinessandsorrow,failureandsuccess,hopeanddespair.Lifeisalearningprocess.Experiencesinitteachusnewlessonsandmakeusabetterperson.LoveLoveplaysakeyroleinourlife.Lovemakesyoufeelwanted.Withoutloveapersoncouldbecomecruelandviolent.Intheearlystageofourlife,ourparentsaretheoneswhoshowuswithunconditionalloveandcare.Theytelluswhatisrightorwrong,goodorbad.1.Itisonlyaftermarriageandhavingkidsthatapersonunderstandsandbecomessensitivetothefeelingsofothers.Kidsmakeapersonresponsibleandmatureandhelpustounderstandlifebetter.

HappinessandSorrowMaterialistichappinessisshort-lived,buthappinessachievedbybringingasmileonothersgivesacertainleveloffulfillment.2.Nomindishappywithoutpeace.Werealizethetrueworthofhappinesswhenweareinsorrow.Sorrowisbasicallyduetodeathofalovedone,failureanddespair.Butthesethingsaretemporaryandpassaway.

FailureandSuccess3.Ithelpsustotouchthesky,teachesustosurviveandshowsusaspecificway.

HopeandDespairHopeiswhatkeepslifegoing.Parentsalwayshopetheirchildrenwilldowell.Hopemakesusdream.Hopebuildsinpatience.4,becauseaftereverynightthereisaday.Nothingremainsthesame.Wehaveonlyonechoice—keepmovingoninlifeandbehopeful.

Lifeteachesusnottoregretoveryesterday,forithaspassedandisbeyondourcontrol.Tomorrowisunknown,foritcouldeitherbebrightordull.5,sothatwewillenjoyabettertomorrow.

A.Solet’senjoyeverydayB.FailureisthepathtosuccessC.SuccessliesintrustingyourselfD.ButwealwaystendtotakethisforgrantedE.PeaceofmindisthemainlinktohappinessF.SotheonlyalternativeisworkinghardtodayG.Lifeteachesusnottodespaireveninthedarkesthour【文章大意】本文是说明文。介绍了生活就像一个盒子,里面充溢了爱、华蜜哀痛、胜利失败和希望悲观。通过分别介绍这些话题,告知我们人生的哲理。1.【解析】选D。段中题。考查上下句的逻辑关系。设空处上文提到“父母给我们无条件的爱,告知我们对或错,”选项D意思是“可我们总是把这一切想当然”,与上句话形成逻辑上的转折关系。另外该选项与下句话“只有在结婚有了自己的孩子之后才明白他人的情感”相照应。故选D。2.【解析】选E。段中题。设空处后面提到“没有安静,思想就无法快乐”。设空处须要引领后面的意群,E项提到“思想的安静是华蜜的主要联系”是对这个意群的总结。而且,选项中的peace就是信息词。故选E。3.【解析】选B。段首题。设空处位于该段开头,属主旨大意类型的题目。该段的小标题是FailureandSuccess,选项B的意思是“失败是胜利之路”与此相互印证。另外,设空处后面的It与选项B中的Failure指代一样,故选B。4.【解析】选G。段中题。该段主要讲生活中要充溢希望。设空处上文已经提到了这个论点。设空处后面的because是个信息词。而且because缘由状语从句中的night和选项G中的darkest指代一样。后面的hopeful和G项中的nottodespair意义一样。故选G。5.【解析】选F。段中题。设空处位于文章最终一段,是对全文的一个总结。设空处前面提到“生活教给我们遗忘昨天,明天是光明还是黑暗还未可知”,F项“唯一的选择是今日努力工作”与此有逻辑上的承接关系。设空处后面的sothat也是对此的一个补充说明。故选F。Ⅲ.语法填空Wastingfoodhasbecomeabigprobleminthedevelopedworld.Whilesomepeopletherethrowawayunwantedfood,peopleinother1._________(part)oftheworldfacefoodshortages.It’san2._________(astonish)factthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear,whichisenough3._________(feed)abillionhungrypeople.Mostofthewastedfood4._________(bury)inthelandfillsites.5._________(lucky),thiscausesgreenhousegaseswhicheventuallyleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtodealwith6._________problem.Shethinkspeopleshouldn’twastefood,7._________richtheyare.Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheirgoods8._________(tie)togethersothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Also,sheproducedaleftoverscookbookandsetupaneducationprograminschools,9._________foodwastewasrathercommon.Nowtheeffectsarequitenoticeable.Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingbasket,andweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—useupourleftoversorevenshareourextrafood10._________ourfriendsandneighbors.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白奢侈食物已经成为发达国家的一个大问题。在丹麦,一个名为SelinaJuul的妇女始终在努力解决这个问题。1.【解析】parts。考查名词复数。part为可数名词,此处表示“世界其他地区”应用复数。故填parts。2.【解析】astonishing。考查形容词。修饰后文名词fact应用-ing结尾形容词astonishing,作定语,表示“令人惊异的”。故填astonishing。3.【解析】tofeed。考查非谓语动词。句意:令人震惊的是,每年世界上三分之一的食物被奢侈,这些食物足够养活10亿饥饿的人。结合句意表示“足够做某事”短语为beenoughtodosth.。故填tofeed。4.【解析】isburied。考查动词时态语态和主谓一样。主语food与bury之间是被动关系,且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语为Mostofthewastedfood,可知“mostofthe+单数名词”,谓语动词要用单数形式。故填isburied。5.【解析】Unluckily。考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词unluckily,作状语,表示“不幸的是”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Unluckily。6.【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指上文中提到的食物奢侈的问题,故problem前要用定冠词the。故填the。7.【解析】however。考查连接词。句意:她认为无论他们多么富有,都不应当奢侈食物。此处为让步状语从句,表示“无论多么”应用however引导。故填however。8.【解析】tied。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知tie在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语goods构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填tied。9.【解析】where。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词schools,且先行词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。故填where。10.【解析】with。考查介词。句意:明显,当我们把东西放进购物篮时,我们须要三思而后行,我们应当充分利用我们所拥有的食物——吃光我们的剩菜,甚至与我们的挚友和邻居共享我们多余的食物。结合句意表示“与……共享”短语为sharesth.withsb.。故填with。Ⅰ.阅读填句Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromourselvesorsomeoneelse.Thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.1Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.2Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.3Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.However,criticallanguagemaycauseangeranddefense.

Wordspossesspowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Werememberunkindwordssaidtousaswell.Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:4Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.

5Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.

Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.A.Isitloving?B.Howshouldsayit?C.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.D.Generallypeoplelikepositiveandpleasantwords.E.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.F.Soweshouldonlyspeakencouragingwordstoourselves.G.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的力气。主动的语言可以激励我们,消极的语言会摧毁我们。1.【解析】选C。前文Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.与C.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.承接自然,选项中的it指代前面的内容,即“我们全部人都会时时常自言自语”,故选C。2.【解析】选F。前文Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.与F.Soweshouldonlyspeakencouragingwordstoourselves.承接自然,前后句构成明显的因果关系,negative和encouraging是关键词,故选F。3.【解析】选G。依据空格前面“我们说出的话没有思索过它带来的影响”和后文Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.与G.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.承接自然,前后是两种对比的状况,且构成明显的转折关系,friendly和critical是关键词,故选G。4.【解析】选A。前文Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves.与A.Isitloving?承接自然,前文提出“问自己”,下文给出问题,故选A。5.【解析】选E。后文Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.与E.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.承接自然,后部分分别陈述主动话语和消极话语的两种状况,故选E。Ⅱ.阅读理解WiththeCOVID-19virussweepingtheglobe,thescienceonquittingsmokingofferswelcomenewsforsmokerswhowanttobuilduptheirdefensesincasetheycontractthevirus.Thoughitmaystilltakemanymonthsforasmoker’slungstohealfromdamagecausedbylong-termsmoking,yourhealthcannoticeablyimproveinthedaysandweeksafterquittinginwaysthatcouldmakeadifferenceagainstthevirus.COVID-19createsanaddedsenseofurgency,andthere’senoughreasontobelievethatquittingsmokingduringthepandemic(流行病)couldincreaseyouropportunitiesoffightingoffthevirus.Ifyoumakethedecisiontoquit,thecilia(纤毛)inyourlungsareoneofthefirstpartsofyourbodytoheal.Thesehair-likeprojectionswavebackandforthlikeabrushasairmovesinandoutofyourlungs.Theyhelpyourbodyfightoffcoldsandinfection.Theyalsohelpclearmucus(黏液),soifthey’renotfunctioningaswellastheyshould,mucuscanbuildupinthelungs.Yourbody’stendencytocoughduringaninfectionhelpsinspirethebodilyprocessofclearingoutmucus.That’svitalinfightingtheCOVID-19condition.Theelderlyareatagreaterriskfortoomuchlungfluidthatoftenlimitsbreathingfollowingcoronavirusinfectionbecausetheydon’thaveastrongenoughcoughtoclearitup.Asecondshort-termgainfromquittingsmokingcomesfromreducingongoinginflammation(炎症)inyourbody,whichcanmakeyouinfectCOVID-19moreeasily.Havingyourlungsinasgoodofshapeasyoucanincaseofacoronavirusinfectioniskey.Besideslung-relatedissues,quittingsmokingcanalsodeliverhealthybenefitstotheheartthatcouldhelppreventpossibleheartattacks,whichareanothercauseofdeathinCOVID-19cases.Afteryouquitsmoking,yourbloodbecomesthinnerandlesspossibletosetting.Heartattacksarelesslikely.Onereasonthishappensisbecausesmokingmakesitharderforthehearttodistributebloodthroughoutthebody.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了,戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵挡新冠病毒的侵袭。1.Whatistheuseofthelungcilia?A.Cle