人教新课标版高考英语语法复习之定语从句的讲解及练习

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。

关系副词有：when,where,why等。一.关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhichthe+n.或the+n+ofwhich互换）。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover（ofwhichthecover/thecoverofwhich）isgreen.

3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.

Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.

二.关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于\"介词+which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+which\"结构交替使用。例如：

Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?

三.判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Ivisitedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedays________Iworkedtogetherwithyou.I’llneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.

例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。四．限制性和非限制性定语从句

1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。五．介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如;Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedintwoyearsago.Thisisthehousein__________Ilivedtwoyearsago.

Thisisthehouse____________Ilivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayon__________youjoinedourclub?

Doyouremembertheday__________youjoinedourclub?六.as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等结构中。如：Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）,which在句中。例如：

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

典型例题

1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

3)________weallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,________weallknow.=Smoking,_________weallknow,isharmfultoone'health.=_________isknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=_________isknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=_________isknowntoallisthatsmokingisharmfultoone’shealth.七．几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:1.在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。比较Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat_________publishedlastyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthat_________publishedlastyear.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：⑥如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。⑦被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。⑨主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.2.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：

（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

b）介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.3.who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.②在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.如：Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.训练题汇总EX1.用定语从句完成下列句子。1．Thisisthemostbeautifulforest_______________________(我所见过的).2．DouPoTang(陡坡塘)Waterfall,______(位于贵州省的),is105meterswideand21metershigh.EX2用适当的关系词填空.1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.3.Iliketheway____________Ilearnedfromthebook.Iliketheway____________hespoketome.4.ItwasonOctober1,1949________thePRCwasfounded.ItwasOctober1,1949________thePRCwasfounded.5.Thereason____hegavewas____hegotuplate.Thereason_____hewaslatewas______hegotuplate.6.Weoftenhaveacase_______wecan’texpressourselveswell.Ihavereachedapoint_______Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.EX4思考:用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子这是他工作的工厂。EX5思考:介词+关系代词的情况介词+关系代词的情况Themanwhomyouspoke_________wasascientist.Thecity__________shelivesinisfaraway.下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.(含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。)结论：介词+关系代词介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替。Ex6:介词+关系代词的使用1.Doyoulikethebook______________shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_______________shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_______________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook________________sheoftentalks?5.Hedugahole_______________hecouldgotwaterfromthelake.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,__________________standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatswimming.9.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.定语从句专项训练1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there7.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked8.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked9.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich10.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that11.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom12.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose13.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid. A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which14.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as15.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as16.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what17.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim18.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels19.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what20.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who21.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who22.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat235.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what24.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it25.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when26.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./27.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter28.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what29.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who30.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich31.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich32.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which33.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it34.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich35.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as36.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.w