2024高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材知识突破选修八Unit1Alandofdiversity学案新人教版

PAGE►选修八Unit1———————————◄基础盘点·自测自评►———————————eq\a\vs4\al(重点词汇)阅读单词快速排查本单元阅读词汇并在不相识的词汇前划√□straitn．□Arcticadj.□ministryn．□shavevi.&vt.□vicen．&adj.□federaladj.□aircraftn．□nephewn．□tramn．□cattlen．□bakeryn．□ferryn．&vt.□seagulln．□mournvt.&vi.□authorityn．□railn．□nowhereadv.□brakevi.&vt.□polen．□fascinatingadj.核心单词1.occurvi.发生；出现2.graspvt.&n．抓住；抓紧；驾驭；领悟3.reformvt.&vi.改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良4.hirevt.&n．租用；雇用5.thoughtfuladj.关切的；爱护的；深思的6.justicen．正义；公允7.insertvt.嵌入；插入8.despiteprep.尽管；不管9.hardshipn．苦难；困苦10.luggagen．行李(〈美〉baggage)11.thankfuladj.感谢的；感谢的12.boomn.(人口、贸易的)旺盛vi.处于经济快速发展时期13.civiladj.公民的；国内的；民间的拓展单词1.distinctadj.清楚的；明显的；明确的→distinctionn．差别；区分；卓著2.immigrantn.(从外国移入的)移民→immigratevi.移入(外国定居)→immigrationn．移民；移居入境3._meansn．手段；方法→meanv．意味着adj.吝啬的→meaningn．意思；意义(拓展速记1)4.majorityn．大多数；大半→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．专业→minorityn．少数5.electvt.选择；确定做某事；选举某人→electionn．选举6.crossingn．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→crossvi.横过7.applicantn．申请人→applyvi.&vt.申请→applicationn．申请书；申请8.indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；示意→indicatorn．指示者；指示器→indicationn．指示；表明9.apparentadj.自不待言的；明显的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.明显地；自不待言地10.fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的→fascinatedadj.着迷的；被深深吸引的→fascinatevi.入迷vt.使着迷；使神魂颠倒→fascinationn．魅力；魔力；入迷11.punishmentn．惩罚；惩处→punishv．惩罚；惩处[语境活用]用所给词的适当形式填空1.HeindicatedthatIshouldgivehimsomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)2.Apparently,shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)3.AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay5th.(apply)4.ItisbadnewsfortheimmigrantsthattheUKmadenewlawstorestrictimmigration.ThosewhowanttoimmigratetotheUKmustfulfillmorerequirements.(immigrate)5.Hewontheelectionandwaselectedpresidentofthecountry.(elect)6.Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinctionwhiletheyoungweretheopposite.(distinct)7.OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)8.“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing，”theboytoldthelady.(cross)走进高考1.means熟义：n.手段；方法生义：n.财宝；钱财Arethemonthlyrepaymentswithinyourmeans(＝Canyouaffordthem)？2.distinct熟义：adj.清楚的；明显的；明确的生义：adj.迥然不同的；有区分的TherearetwodistinctgroupsofpeoplewithintheUKfigures.eq\a\vs4\al(高频短语)1.liveon接着存在；接着生存2.bymeansof...用……方法；借助……3.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5.backtoback背靠背6.teamupwith...与……合作或一起工作7.markout用线画出范围；标出……界线8.takein包括；汲取；理解；欺瞒(拓展速记2，3)9.agreat/goodmany很多；很多10.applyfor申请；请示得到[语境活用]用左栏短语的适当形式填空1.Hediedtenyearsago,buthismemoryliveson.2.Thethiefhadwantedtoescapebymeansofasecrettunnel,butwascaught.3.Onthewaytothehotel,Iaskedhimagreatmanyquestions.4.Hepreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthanteamupwithanyoneelse.5.Whenwearrivedatthekindergarten,wesawagroupofchildrensittinginarowbacktoback,playingagame.6.Somepeoplefromthecountryfindithardtomakealifeinbigcities.7.Myhouseisfull.Ican'ttakeinanymoreguests.8.Indoingmyreading,IoftenmarkoutwhatIregardasimportantinabook.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式)1.Itislikelythat...“很可能……”[原句]However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美国人很有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活了。[仿写]对我们学生而言参观长城很有可能是一次难忘的经验。ItislikelythatavisittotheGreatWallforusstudentsisanunforgettableexperience.2.Thatiswhy...“那就是……的缘由”[原句]Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或其次语言的缘由。[仿写]他痴迷电脑嬉戏，那就是他为什么必需辍学的缘由。Heisaddictedtocomputergames,andthat'swhyhehastodropoutofschool．3.Itisbelievedthat...“人们认为/信任……”[原句]Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会特别之大，以致于不行能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。[仿写]人们信任努力工作就能胜利。Itisbelievedthathardworkcanleadtosuccess.4.过去分词作状语[原句]Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse­drawntrams.缆车系统建于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪独创的，他试图找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。[仿写]老师对他所做的事情很满足，于是在班上表扬了他。Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhimintheclass.eq\a\vs4\al(拓展速记)1.单复数同形的名词aircraft飞机antelope羚羊bison野牛buffalo水牛crab螃蟹Cantonese广东人Chinese中国人deer鹿fish鱼Japanese日本人means方法reindeer驯鹿sheep绵羊Swiss瑞士人series系列spacecraft太空船species种类2.“v.＋in”短语集萃(一)believein信任bringin引起；产生；带来callin召来dropin偶然来访；顺便走访fillin填充getin收获givein屈服handin上交；递交involvein涉及3.“v.＋in”短语集萃(二)joinin加入；参与liein在于majorin主修pullin(车)进站；吸入putin放进；提出resultin导致sharein共享succeedin胜利takein包括；汲取；消化；欺瞒turnin上交———————————◄考点串讲·重点突破►———————————1．meansn．手段；方法|对接高考|——单句语法填空①(重庆卷阅读理解)Inotherwords,Englishweather­speakisameans(mean)ofsocialbonding.②Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try),butnonehasworked.③Studentssometimessupportthemselvesbymeansofdoingpart­timejobs.|考点归纳|ameansofcommunication一种通讯/沟通工具byallmeans(用于交际用语表示同意)当然可以；没问题bymeansof通过；用；借助于bynomeans决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)bythismeans用这种方法|名师点睛|means用作“方式，方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。|实力提升|——句型转换④Youshallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.→Bynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.(改为倒装句)2．majorityn．大部分；大多数；大半|对接高考|——单句语法填空①(安徽卷阅读理解)Formanyyears,themajority(major)ofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.②ImajorinEnglishatuniversity.③AmajorityofAfricansare(be)forcedtoworkfortheEuropeans.|考点归纳|(1)a/themajorityof...大多数……beinthe/amajority占大部分/大多数(2)minorityn．少数intheminority占少数(3)majorn．&v．主修；专业majorin...主修……；以……为专业|名师点睛|(1)themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。(2)“the/amajorityof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一样。|实力提升|——完备写作·背诵④(2015年浙江卷书面表达)当我有不同看法的时候，我可能选择放弃自己的观点，敬重大多数人的观点。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority．3．occurvi.发生；存在；出现；(想法)产生|对接高考|——单句语法填空/单句改错①(天津卷阅读理解)Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.②Itdidn'toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.③Astheywentdown,theweathergotworse.Thenanothertroublewasoccurred.去掉was|考点归纳|sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事4．makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生|对接高考|——完成句子①TheoperationshouldenableBobbytolive/leadanormallife(过一种正常的生活)．②TheywenttoLondonanddecidedtomakealife(习惯于新的生活方式)there.③Thedoctorbelieveshecanbringherbacktolife(让她醒悟过来)．④Tooursurprise,hecametolife(醒悟过来)soon.|考点归纳|(1)cometolife醒悟；变得活跃live/leada...life过着一种……的生活comebacktolife醒悟过来；复原生气bring...backtolife使……醒悟过来；给……活力(2)make/earna/one'sliving谋生5．takein包括；汲取；理解；欺瞒；收留；改小；改瘦|对接高考|——写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义①ThedresswasbigsoIhadtotakeinatthewaist.改小②Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheteachersaidinclass.理解③Weplantotakeinmorenewclubmembers.汲取④Womenareoftentakeninbyproductsforlosingweight.欺瞒⑤Hewashomeless,sowetookhimin.收留⑥ThetourtakesinsixEuropeancapitals.包括；包含|考点归纳|takeback收回；取回takedown拿下；写下；登记takeon呈现；雇用；担当takeoff起飞；匆忙离去；脱下takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占去；占据；起先从事6．That/Thisiswhy...那/这就是……的缘由(教材佳句)Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或其次语言的缘由。|对接高考|——单句语法填空①(2015年广东卷阅读理解)Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.②Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.③Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.④Thereasonthathewasillyesterdayissuchabadexcuse.|考点归纳|(1)this/thatisbecause...这/那是因为……(2)thisisthereasonwhy...这就是……的缘由(3)thereasonwhy...isthat...……的缘由是……(why引导定语从句)(4)thereasonthat...is...……的缘由是……(that引导同位语从句)7．bythetime＋从句(教材佳句)BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty­firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。|对接高考|——单句语法填空①Bytheendofnextmonth,wewillhavefinished(finish)ourproject.②Bythetimehewastwelve,hehadlearned(learn)mathematicsallbyhimself.③Bythetimehewentabroad,hewas(be)fourteen.④Bynow,wehaverealized(realize)itsimportance.|考点归纳|(1)bythetime＋从句，意为“当……的时候”，假如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明过去某个时候的状况，主句常用一般过去时。(2)bythetime引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候为止”。(3)bythetime＋一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。(4)bythetime＋一般现在时(表将来)，主句常用将来完成时。●eq\a\vs4\al(学问主线串记——————————————————————————)Part1Part2ThenumberofimmigrantstoAmericaisthelargestintheworld,themajorityofwhomarefromEurope.NowhereelseintheworldlikeAmericaattractssomanyimmigrants.Agreatmanyofthemsufferedhardshipsandracialprejudicebutstillmanagedtomakeanewlifethere.Inthehistory，theChineseimmigrationintoCaliforniadatesbacktothe1850s.AgreatmanyChinesewenttoCaliforniatomakeafortune.Aftertheirarrival,someofthemsufferedalot,buttheygraduallytookinAmericanEnglish.MostofthemkeptuptheirChinesecustoms,sothecustomsliveonintheirnewhome.TheydidreallymakeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofAmerica.———————————◄随堂检测·基础过关►———————————Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Onlybythismeanscanyoudoitwell.2．Themajoritywere/was(be)ontheEngland'steam,whichgreatlydisappointedthem.3．TheBrownssettleddowninChinaandmadealifeforthemselves.4．Jackoversleptthismorning.Thatiswhyhewaslateforwork.5．Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastakenonanewlook.6．Rudolphjuststoodthere,sayingnothing.Apparently(apparent)hewasamanoffewwords.7．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceivepunishment(punish)．8．Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmanyapplicants(apply)．9．Onhisarrival(arrive)inBeijing,hegavehismotheracallatonce.10．Walkingaloneinthedark,theboywhistledtokeepuphiscourage.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Itoccurredhertoadoptallpossiblemeanstosolvetheproblem._________________________________________________________________答案：occured后加to2．Therewereover500applicantstothejob._________________________________________________________________答案：to→for3．Themajorityofthestudentshaspassedtheirbiologyexam._________________________________________________________________答案：has→have4．Hewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany，andthenewscame,infact,asasurprise._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个the5．Atthemeeting,youngpeoplewereonthemajority._________________________________________________________________答案：on→in———————————◄话题拓展·素养升华►———————————Ⅰ.课文里的高考依据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSA1.buthasthelargestpopulation.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA.Thisisnot2.surprising(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia3.whichhasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstsettlersarrivedin4.whatwenowknowasCalifornia.ScientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAmerica5.bymeansofalandbridge.Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaand6.thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifefor7.themselves(they)．Inmor