2024高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境三人与自然Topic43人与环境教学案含作业

PAGE主题语境(三)人与自然Topic43人与环境①居住及环境(ResidenceandEnvironment)condition,situation,community,province,state,zone,district,border,downtown,suburb,rural,city,town,village,busy,________['kraʊdId]30，quiet,peace,neighbourhood②居民及环境(ResidentandEnvironment)________[ˌpɒpju'leIʃn]87,agingpopulation,theaged,rangefrom...to,birthrate,resident,citizen,male,female,get...undercontrol,immigrate,useup,movement③自然环境(NaturalEnvironment)stream,pond,lake,ocean,bay,beach,desert,shore,coast,port,island,wave,continent,mountain，valley,rock,soil,field,plain④环境与爱护(EnvironmentandProtection)waste,awasteof,rubbish,litter,____________['ʃɔːtIdʒ]25,globalwarming,________['kɒnsIkwəns]24，result,asaresult,climatechange,greenhouseeffect,non－renewable,pollution,________[θret]21,fossilfuel，recycle,leadto,takemeasures,makeadifference,environmentalfriendly,atmosphere,balance,nature,discourage,inturn,inreturn,protect,reserve,conservation，lowcarbon,newenergy,solarenergy,windpower,renewable,conserve,development,replace,improvement⑤意义影响(Influence)attract,________['ædvəkeIt]10,callon,________[prI'dIkt]29,disease,________['hɑːməni]15,inharmonywith,symbol,intermsof,ofalltime,havecontrolover,makeefforts,________[ə'laʊ]165,playarolein,promise,permit,attitude,________[pruːv]101crowded;population;shortage;consequence;threat;advocate;predict;harmony;allow;provepopulation①(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.②(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.(1)单句语法填空①ThepopulationofCanada________(be)about29million.②Abouteightypercentofthepopulationofthiscountry________(be)peasants.③InChina,therearemorethan300cities________apopulationbeyond1million.答案：①is②are③with(2)单句写作①白族大约有200万人口，其中90%生活在云南。TheBaiethnicgroup________________aroundtwomillion,90%ofwhomliveinYunnan.②这个国家有多少人口？________________thecountry?③中国的人口比世界上任何一个国家都多。ThepopulationofChina________________anyothercountryintheworld.答案：①hasapopulationof②What'sthepopulationof/Howlargeisthepopulationof③islargerthanthatof(1)n.(地区、国家等的)人口，人口数量allthepeoplewholiveinaparticulararea,cityorcountry;thetotalnumberofpeoplewholivethere(2)n.某领域的生物；族群；人口aparticulargroupofpeopleoranimalslivinginaparticulararea①有……人口eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(haveapopulationof＋数字,通常在句中作谓语,withapopulationof＋数字,通常在句中作定语))②某国/某地的人口thepopulationof＋地点③询问某国某地有多少人口eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Howlargeisthepopulationof＋地点？,What'sthepopulationof＋地点？))④整体人口(thepopulationof...)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；部分人口(表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。人口多或少要用large或small。immigrateIamgoingtoimmigratetoAustraliawithmywholefamilynextmonth!(1)单句语法填空①Tom'sisafamilywhichhasjustmigrated________SouthAfricatoAsia.②Thenumberofillegal________(immigrate)inAmericafellby500,000between2007and2008.答案：①from②immigrants(2)单句写作①他18岁时从印度移民出来。________________________atage18.②政府已经确定收紧其移民政策。Thegovernmenthasdecidedtotighten____________________.答案：①HeimmigratedfromIndia②itsimmigrationpolicyvi.(从外地)移居；移民tocomeandlivepermanentlyinacountryafterleavingyourowncountryimmigrationn.移居(入境)；移民人数immigrantn.(外来)移民migratev.迁徙migratefrom...to...从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方migrationn.迁徙，移动shortage(2024·浙江高考)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.单句语法填空①MynameisThomas,andyoucancallmeTom________short.②Theusualword“pub”isshort________“publichouse”．③Accordingtosomescientists,we'llbeshort________energyinthenearfuture.④________short,wecan'tpleaseeveryoneallthetime.⑤Researchersfoundanalmosttotalcropfailureandasevere________(short)ofdrinkingwater.⑥________(short)aftermovingintoherapartment,shefoundajob.答案：①for②for③of④In⑤shortage⑥Shortlyn.不足；缺少；短缺asituationwhenthereisnotenoughofthepeopleorthingsthatareneededshortadj.矮的；短缺的beshortfor简称，缩写beshortof缺少……in_short总之；简言之forshort简称(常放在句末，后不接成分)shortlyadv.不久，立刻consequence①(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,DrPrinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.②Don'tworry.It'sofnoconsequence.单句写作①Hehadbeenillforalongtimeand____________________(结果)hewasbehindinhiswork.②Wemust____________________(担当后果)ofourowndeed.③Bothsidesthinkofthepoint____________________(无意义)．答案：①inconsequence/asaconsequence②taketheconsequences③ofnoconsequence(1)n.结果；后果aresultofsth.thathashappened(2)n.重要性importanceadvocate①Weadvocateapeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputes.②(2024·浙江高考)Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合)．(1)单句语法填空①Manyexpertsadvocate________(reward)yourchildforgoodbehaviour.②Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings________(fit)withsmokedetectors.答案：①rewarding②(should)befitted(2)单句写作①一些人主见改革一些现行的教化制度。Somepeople____________________somepresenteducationalsystems.②人们提倡实行措施爱护环境。Peopleadvocatethatsomething____________________toprotecttheenvironment.③令他们悲观的是，没有人同意这一新政策。Totheirdisappointment,thereis____________________thenewpolicy.答案：①advocatereforming②(should)bedone③noadvocatefor/of(1)v.拥护；支持；提倡tosupportsth.publicly(2)n.拥护者；支持者；提倡者apersonwhosupportsorspeaksinfavourofsb.orofapublicplanoractionadvocatedoingsth.提倡做某事advocate＋that从句(从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略)anadvocatefor/of……的支持/拥护者predict(2024·天津高考)Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.(1)用predict的适当形式填空①Thebestway________yourfutureistocreateit.②They________greatthingsfortheboybuttheboydidn'tbelievethem.③Skilledreadersmakeuseofcontextand________.④Theendingofthefilmisentirely________.答案：①topredict②predicted③prediction④predictable(2)单句写作①很难预料这次事故会有什么长期影响。____________________whatthelong­termeffectsoftheaccidentwillbe.②据预料，2024年是电动汽车年。____________________2024willbetheyearoftheelectriccar.③他不情愿预料来年哪些书会有销路。Hewasunwilling____________________whichbookswouldsellinthecomingyear.答案：①Itisdifficulttopredict②Itispredictedthat③tomakeapredictionaboutvt.预言；预报；预报tosaythatsth.willhappeninthefuturepredict＋n.预报/预料……predict＋从句预料……predict＋n.＋todosth.预料……做某事It_is_predicted_that...据预料……predictionn.预言；预料；预报makeaprediction预料；预报predictableadj.可预见的；可预料的prove①(2024·北京高考)Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod.②Thepromotionprovedtobeaturningpointinhiscareer.(1)单句语法填空①Onthelongjourneyheprovedhimself________(be)anamusingcompany.②Iwantedtoprove________myselfthatIcoulddoit.③I'llprovemy________(innocent)toyouoneday.答案：①tobe②to③innocence(2)单句写作①给他们一个机会来向你证明他们可以帮忙吧。Givethemachanceto____________________theycanhelp.②这项任务比我们预想原来的难得多。Thetask____________________thanwe'dthought.答案：①provetoyouthat②provedtobemoredifficult(1)v.证明；证明tousefacts,evidence,etc.toshowthatsth.istrue(2)v.后来被发觉是；最终显现为ifsth.provesdangerous,expensive,etc.orifitprovestobedangerous,etc.,youdiscoverthatitisdangerous,etc.overaperiodoftimeⅠ.阅读(2024·“皖豫联盟体”中学毕业班第一次考试)Withalltherecentconcernabouttheenvironment,peoplewanttoseetheirmoneyusedtobettertheplanet.Herearefourwell­knownenvironmentalorganizations.WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)TheWorldWildlifeFundisperhapsoneofthebest­knownorganizationsfortheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitatsaroundtheworld.They'vebeenaroundforover45years.Youcandonatethroughtheirwebsite,jointheirorga－nizationasamember,oradoptananimalthroughtheironlineadoptioncenter.NationalGeographicSociety(NGS)NationalGeographicSocietyiswell­knownfortheirmagazineandtheirspecialsonTV.Theorganizationitselfisoneofthelongest­runningintheworld—they'vebeenaroundsince1888focusingonexplorationandconservationofforests,oceans,habitats,speciesandsocieties.Youchoosetodonatethroughthewebsitenationalgeographic,buysomethingattheironlinestore,ororderamagazinesubscription.NationalWildlifeFederation(NWF)Foundedofficiallyin1937,theNationalWildlifeFe－derationtriestoprotectwildlifeatallcosts.Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.DonationstotheNWFcanbemadethroughtheirwebsiteorthroughotheroptions,likematchinggifts,workplacegiving,ormemorialdonations.EcologyFund.comSetupin1976,EcologyFundisrunonuserclicks.Advertisersbuyadspaceonthesiteeverytimesomeoneclicks.Themoneygoestobuyendangeredwildernesslandtoprotectitfromcompaniesthatwoulddestroyit.Sofar,EcologyFundhasboughtlandinmanyareas.Thebestthingaboutthissiteisthatyouneedn'tdonateanymoney—allyouhavetodoisclick.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个闻名的环保组织。人类只有一个地球，它是生命的摇篮(cradleoflife)，是人类共有的家园。环境污染与生态破坏，已经对人类的社会经济发展和人们的正常生活构成了现实威逼。爱惜环境，崇尚文明，爱护我们美妙的家园(protectourbeautifulhome)，无疑是我们的道义和责任！1．Whichenvironmentalorganizationhasthelongesthistory?A．EcologyFund.B．WorldWildlifeFund.C．NationalGeographicSociety.D．NationalWildlifeFederation.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据文章内容可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；NGS从1888年就起先存在，是世界上运营时间最长的组织之一，迄今已有超过100年的历史；NWF成立于1937年；EcologyFund成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。2．WhatdoesNWFthinkisthemostimportantinenvironmentalprotection?A．Knowledge. B．Management.C．Money. D．Patience.答案：A推理推断题。依据NationalWildlifeFederation部分中的“Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教化是帮助环境的最佳方式。由此可以推断，NWF认为学问在环保中是最重要的。3．InwhatwaydoesEcologyFunddifferfromtheotherthreeorganizations?A．Thesizeofnetworks.B．Thewayofoperation.C．Thestrengthofinfluence.D．Thedegreeofpopularity.答案：B推理推断题。依据文章对四个环保组织的介绍可知，EcologyFund是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，而其他三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。由此可以推断，EcologyFund与其他三个环保组织的运营方式不同。①concernn.(尤指很多人共同的)担忧，忧虑②endangeredadj.面临灭亡的③adoptionn.收养；领养④conservationn.(对环境的)爱护(第四段第一句)Foundedofficiallyin1937,theNationalWildlifeFederationtriestoprotectwildlifeatallcosts.国家野生动物联合会于1937年正式成立，不惜一切代价爱护野生动物。(2024·浙江高考)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.篇章导读：本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变更是其中的一个主要因素。爱护环境，须要我们每个人从身边的每一件小事做起。低碳生活，人人有责。(Alow­carbonlifeiseveryone'sresponsibility.)4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案：A段落大意题。其次段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树削减的严峻性，故A项正确。5．Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案：D推理推断题。第三段中提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树削减的三个因素：woodcutters，housingdevelopment与aggressivewildfirecontrol。前两个因素干脆与大树的削减有关，假如能限制住，大树就不会削减；而第三个因素——限制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是好的，为了限制野火，实则对大树不利，故D项正确。6．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“...thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures...”可知，水资源不足的主要缘由就是气温上升，即更加暖和的气候，故C项正确。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaFo－rests?D．PatrickMcIntyre：GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案：A标题推断题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s。后面详细分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树削减的缘由等，故A项作为标题最合适。①declinev.削减②ecologistn.生态学家③aggressiveadj.富于攻击性的④documentv.记录n.文件(第五段第一句)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.在树木缺水最严峻的地区，大树的损失最大。(2024·北京高考)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。海洋是人类的生物宝库，我们要增加海洋意识，爱护蔚蓝海洋，立志成为爱护海洋生物的有心人(determinedtobeadedicateddefenderofmarinelife)。8．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.答案：B段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。其次段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案；气候变更又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所削减，导致海洋表面的颜色变更。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变更的缘由，故B项正确。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.答案：A词义揣测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖变更了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅须要阳光和二氧化碳，也须要养分。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.答案：D推理推断题。倒数其次段中提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，假如某些种类的浮游植物消逝了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数其次句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.答案：C主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变更对海洋有影响，故C项正确。①phenomenonn.现象②regulatevt.调整，限制③multipleadj.数量多的，多种多样的④leadto导致；通向⑤giveoff散发出(气体、热量或气味)(第三段其次句)Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.译文：当这些生物体死亡时，它们将碳埋在深海中，这是一个帮助调整全球气候的重要过程。分析：本句是复合句，“Whentheseorganismsdie”是条件状语从句，后面的主句中“animportantprocess”后面含一个定语从句“thathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate”。(2024·黄冈市高三质量检测)WilliamLindesayhasbeeninterestedintheGreatWallofChinasinceseeingitinaschoolatlas(地图册)asachildinEngland.“Ivividlyrecallseeinginthe“OxfordSchoolAtlas”theGreatWallwithitsbattlementsymbol.Fromthatmoment,IhadinmymindthatwhenIgrewupI'dgotoChinaandwalkalongtheGreatWallfromendtoend.”Lindesay'sabout3,000kmsolorunalongtheGreatWallbeganin1987.Runningthelengthofthewallwasabraveexpedition,venturingintosparselypopulatedregionswheretherewaslittlechanceofhelpiftherunnerhadanaccident.Duringanothertrip,LindesayandhisteamventureddeepintotheGobiDesertofMongolia.Theexplorersalmostdiedfromdehydration(脱水).Intotal,Lindesayestimatesinaninterviewthathehasspentabout1,600daysofhislife,orfourfullyears,ontheGreatWallinallseasons.Lindesayandhiswife,WuQi,whomhegottoknowandfellinlovewithduringhistripsinChina,hadafarmhouseatthefootofthewall.Duringhisexploration,henoticedsomesectionsofthewallwerebadlydamagedandcoveredwithlitter.Modernizationanddevelopmentweremakingthesituationevenworse.“Somepeoplesayitwilltakegenerationstochange;Isaywedon'thavegenerationsoftime.It'sgottobemuchquicker，”hesaid.Lindesayalwayscarriesagarbagebagwithhiminthewilderness,pickinglitteralongtheway.Lindesayusesagarbagebagashiscallingcard.TheclothbagbearsasetofninesimpleguidelinesinChinese,whichcallsonpeopletoobservewhiletravelingorcampingoutdoors:“Takeyourowngarbagehome”“Pickuplitterleftbyothers“Don'tdamageplantsorflowers,orpickfruit”andlotsmore.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了一位外国友人Lindesay从小就爱上了长城，长大后游历长城，结识爱妻，并做长城的清道夫的故事。长城是中国也是世界上修建时间最长、工程量最大的一项古代防卫工程，是我国乃至世界上的宝贵物质文化遗产(preciousmaterialandculturalheritage)，我们要好好爱惜长城的环境！12．WhatsparkedWilliamLindesay'sdreamofexploringtheGreatWall?A．SeeingamovieabouttheGreatWall. B．ExperiencingawarfortheGreatWall.C．SurfingawebsiteabouttheGreatWall. D．AdmiringtheGreatWallintheschoolatlas.答案：D细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句“WilliamLindesayhasbeeninterestedintheGreatWallofChinasinceseeingitinaschoolatlas(地图册)asachildinEngland.”可知WilliamLindesay自从孩提时在学校的地图册上看到长城就爱上了长城。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sparsely”mean?A．Remotely. B．Rarely. C．Frequently. D．Largely.答案：B词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“populatedregionswheretherewaslittlechanceofhelpiftherunnerhadanaccident”可推知，人口稀有的地方供应帮助的机会也少，故选B。14．WhatworsenedthesituationoftheGreatWall?A．Thedestroyedecosystems. B