2021届全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷1

2021届全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷1学校_________

班级__________

姓名__________

学号__________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ExploringBeyondFollowingthecallofourrestlessgeneshasnotendedwellforallexplorers.TheBritishexplorerCaptainJamesCookdiedinafightwithHawaiianstenyearsafterhereceivedthepreciousmapfromTupaia.Hisdeath,somesay,broughttoaclose【小题1】WesternhistorianscalltheAgeofExploration.Yetithardly【小题2】（end）ourexploring.WehaveremainedenthusiasticaboutfillingintheEarth'smaps;reachingitsfarthestpoles,highestpeaks,anddeepesttrenches（海豹）;sailingtoitseverycornerandthenflyingofftheplanetentirely.WiththeNASARoverCuriositynow【小题3】（stir）usallasitexploresMars,somecountriesandprivatecompaniesarepreparingtosendhumanstotheredplanetaswell.Somevisionarieseventalkofhavingaspacecraft【小题4】（send）totheneareststar.NASA'sMichaelBarratt—adoctor,diver,andjetpilot;asailorfor40years;anastronautfor12—isamongthose【小题5】achetogotoMars.BarrattconsciouslyseeshimselfasanexplorerCookandTupaia."We'redoingwhat【小题6】did,"hesays."Itworksthiswayateverypointinhumanhistory.Asocietydevelopsanenablingtechnology,【小题7】it'stheabilitytopreserveandcarryfoodorbuildashiporlauncharocket."Notallofus【小题8】ridearocketorsailtheinfinitesea.Yet,【小题9】aspecies,we'recuriousenoughandinterestedenoughbytheprospecttohelppayforthetripandcheeratthevoyagersreturn.Yes,wehopetofindabetterplacetoliveoracquirealargerterritoryormakeafortune.Butwealsoexploresimply【小题10】（discover）what'sthere.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.appears

B.changing

C.dependent

D.dim

E.discovery

F.exclusively

G.reflect

H.review

I.sexually

J.underlying

K.vigorouslyUndercoverWingsThenocturnal（夜间活动）dot-underwingmoth（蛾）mayuseshape-shiftingpatternsonitswingsasawaytoattractmatesinthedark.InastudypublishedlastSeptemberinCurrentBiology,scientistsreportthe【小题1】onmales'forewingsofthreepatches（色斑）thatchangedarknessandsizewhenviewedfromparticularangles.Infemales,theentireforewingdarkens.Althoughbutterflyandmothspeciesthatareactiveduringthedayareknowntoemployvisualeffectstocommunicate,researchershadthoughttheirnocturnalcousinsreliedalmost【小题2】onchemicalsignalsbecauseofthelackoflight.Butthese【小题3】wingpatterns,nowfoundforthefirsttimeinanocturnalmoth,suggesttheinsectsmayalsousevisualsignals.Becauseonlythemaleshavethispattern,researcherssayitislikelya（n）【小题4】selectedmechanism.JenniferKelley,anecologistbasedattheUniversityofWesternAustralia,andhercolleaguesfirstnoticedthevisualphenomenonwhilelookingatmuseummothspecimens（标本）foranotherproject."Assoonaswefiguredtheeffectwasangle-【小题5】,weknewthattounderstandhowitworks,wehadtounderstandthe【小题6】physics,"Kelleysays.ThegroupcontactedGerdSchröder-TurkandBodoWilts,whoarephysicistsatMurdochUniversityinPerthandtheAdolpheMerkleInstituteinSwitzerlandrespectively.Togethertheresearchersfoundthatwhenthewingsareviewedfromabove,they【小题7】availablelightdirectly,likeadullmirror.Whenviewedfromanangle,however,theyletsomeofthelightthroughtorevealadeeperlayerofdarkness,which【小题8】aspatchesonthemale'swings.Iftheinsectsweretobeattheirwings【小题9】—acommonbehavioramongmalesapproachingpotentialmates—thepatcheswouldflashonandoff,creatingastrikingsignaleveninvery【小题10】light.三、完形填空3.

Whenyouarestuckonaproblem,sometimesitisbesttostopthinkingaboutit—consciously,anyway.Researchhasshownthattakingabreakoranapcanhelpthebraincreate_________toasolution.Nowanewstudy_________ontheeffectofthisso-calledincubation（潜伏期）byusingsoundcuestofocusthesleepingmindonatargetedproblem.Whenhumanssleep,partsofthebrainreplaycertainmemories,strengtheningandtransformingthem.Aboutadecadeagoresearchersdevelopedatechnique,calledtargetedmemoryreactivation（TMR）,aimedatfurtherenhancing_________memories:whenasoundbecomesassociatedwithamemoryandislaterplayedduringsleep,thatmemorygets_________.InastudypublishedlastNovemberinPsychologicalScience,scientiststestedwhether_________thememoryofapuzzleduringsleepmightalsoimproveproblem-solving.About60participantsvisitedthelaboratorybeforeandafteranightof_________.First,they_________spatial,verbalandconceptualpuzzles,withadistinctmusiccliprepeatinginthebackgroundforeach,untiltheyhadworkedonsixpuzzlestheycouldnotsolve.Overnighttheyworeelectrodes（电极）todetectslow-wavesleep,whichmaybeimportantformemoryenhancement—andadeviceplayedthesounds_________tothreeofthesixunsolvedpuzzles.Thenextday,backatthelab,theparticipantsattemptedthesixpuzzlesagain.（Eachrepeatedtheexperimentwithadifferentsetofpuzzlesthefollowingnight.）Alltold,thesubjectssolved32percentofthesound-stimulatedpuzzlescomparedwith21percentofthe_________puzzles.Theresearchers"verybravelywentforquitecomplextasksthatinvolvedalotofcomplexprocessing,andremarkablytheyfoundthesereallystrongeffectsinalloftheir__________."saysPennyLewis,apsychologistatCardiffUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch."Thesearesupercoolresults.Nowweneedtogooutandtrytounderstandthembyfirstlyreplicating（复制）themandsecondlytryingto__________thecomponentprocessesthatareactuallybeinginfluenced."Beyondprovidingnewevidencethathumansrestructurememorieswhilesleeping,theresearchmayhave__________implications."Inafuturisticworld,maybeTMRcouldhelpususesleeptoworkonourproblems,"saysleadauthorKristinSanders,whowasagraduatestudentatNorthwesternUniversityduringthestudy.Sleep-monitoringtechnologyisincreasinglyaccessible—andevenwithoutdevices,prospectivesolverscanfocusonimportantproblemsbefore__________.Still,sleepisnot__________;peopleneedtodotheirhomeworkandloadtheirheadswiththepuzzlepiecesinvolved."I'mnotgoingtosolvecancerwiththistechnique,"Sanderssays,"becauseIamtotally__________cancerresearch."【小题1】A．applicationsB．commitmentC．attentionD．pathways【小题2】A．countsB．expandsC．insistsD．passes【小题3】A．treasuredB．selectedC．devotedD．shortened【小题4】A．dimmedB．storedC．reactivatedD．researched【小题5】A．neglectingB．examiningC．erasingD．revisiting【小题6】A．sleepB．experimentC．trainingD．relaxation【小题7】A．createdB．solvedC．attemptedD．classified【小题8】A．assignedB．transformedC．explainedD．introduced【小题9】A．unsettledB．untargetedC．unstatedD．untested【小题10】A．puzzlesB．brainsC．processesD．tasks【小题11】A．workoutB．turntoC．takeonD．bringabout【小题12】A．individualB．conceptualC．practicalD．collective【小题13】A．dinnerB．dawnC．bedD．schooling【小题14】A．significantB．magicC．fixedD．possible【小题15】A．dependentonB．curiousaboutC．interestedinD．ignorantof四、阅读选择4.

IconfessIhesitatedwhentheeditorinchiefofTheNewYorkTimesMagazinetoldmeinlate2014thatIwouldbeeditinganewfront-of-bookcolumncalledLetterofRecommendation,aboutstuffpeoplereallylike.Thecolumnwasthebrainchildofourstaffwriter,SamAnderson,heexplained.Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplacestofindoutwhatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.Wewouldpushagainstthistrend,900wordsaweek,40-somethingtimesperyear.Thereasonformyhesitationwasasimple,unfortunatefactaboutwriting.Writingaboutthingsyouhateiseasy:notjustfun,butgenerative.Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyoudisagree,buttheodedoesn't.Thewriterlytoneiswell-suitedtoourage,butit'shardnottoseeitasacollectivedefensemechanism—asifrevealingyourtruefeelingsexposesyourunmentionablesecretstothepublic.Obsessions（喜欢）,meanwhile,areinseparablefromourpeculiaritiesaspeople—wecometolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons.Whenthecolumnreallyworks,it'sasrevealingabouttheauthorasitisitssubject.Onewriter,amaninhislate30s,forexample,recommendedPedialyte,whichhedrinkstobalancetheeffectsofbothdrinkingandexercise,andtocheathiswaybacktoyouth.IprobablyseesomewherebetweenthreeandfiveLetterofRecommendationpitchesaday.It'sagreatspotfortryingoutnewwritersinthemagazine,soItrymybesttokeepupwithalltheemail,butIoftenfail.（Ifeelgenuinelyterribleaboutthiseverydayofmylife.）Determiningwhichtoassigninvolvesseeinghowitmeetsthevariouscriteriawe'vesettledonovertheyears.Wedon'tlikethecolumntobetimely—everythingelseintheworldistimely.Butontheotherhand,weneedtoputaheadlineonthethingthatpeoplemightreasonablyrecognize,stopandreadabout.Thereshouldbeapersonalangletotherecommendation,butalsosomeuniversallyrecommendableaspect.Butthenagain,itshouldn'tbetoorecommendable;thisisn'tacolumnforlifehacks.Therecommendationitselfshouldbeattractivelyunexpected—"sideways,"aseditorsareperhapstoofondofsaying—butreally,it'sjustanexcusetocutbrilliantwritersloosetoamuseorinspireus.【小题1】SamAndersonproposedacolumncalledLetterofRecommendationbecausehefound________.A．thefashiontrendwasnoteasytopushagainstB．therewasashortageofgoodqualitycolumnsC．writerscouldhardlyfindaplacetosharetheirlikesD．hisbrainchildcouldsometimesincreasereadership【小题2】Theword"ode"（inparagraph2）isclosestinmeaningto________.A．praiseB．blameC．hesitationD．determination【小题3】Whyisthewriterinhislate30smentionedinparagraph2?A．Togiveanexampleofthewriterlytone.B．Tohighlightthewaythatthecolumnselectswriters.C．Toshowhowacollectivedefensemechanismworks.D．Toillustratehowwritersrevealthemselvesinthecolumn.【小题4】Thewriterhopesthatinthecolumn,________.A．therecommendeditemsarequitefamiliartoreadersB．therecommendeditemsshouldfollowthelatesttrendC．readerscanlearnaboutlifeskillsfromtherecommendationsD．readerswillfindtherecommendationsbeyondtheirexpectation5.

LilyStudyingabroadisanareathatisbecomingincreasinglyinterestingforresearchers,asmorestudentsarechoosingtodoasemester,ayearorevenadegreeinanothercountry.Inmyresearch,Isetouttoestablishwhetheryoungpeopleattendingacourseabroadacquiremoreglobalawarenessthanstudentsenrolledonsimilarcoursesintheirhomecountry,Usingacomparativestudyof50Canadianundergraduates,halfofwhomstudiedabroadforvaryinglengthsoftime,therewereshowntobeconsideringgainsinglobalawarenessandthesewerenotonlynotedbythestudentsthemselvesbutalsotheirtutors.ThomasMyresearchprojectaskedtenstudentsstartingayearofstudyabroadtokeepadailyrecordoftheirexperiences.Havingbegunthediaryamonthbeforeleavinghometheycontinueditforamonthaftertheyreturned.Theprimaryreasonforstudyingabroadinallcaseswastopolishtheirlanguageskill.Thestudentswereallowedtowriteasfreelyastheywishedbywereaskedtoincludecommentsontheirlanguagelearningexperienceaswellasonthestrategiestheyusedtocopewithlivinginanewculture.Analysingthediaries,wefoundremarkablysimilarpatterns.Alltheparticipantsdemonstrateagradualrecognitionandacceptanceofdifferenceinotherculturesandanewobjectivityabouttheirowncultureasaresultoftheirexperience.JasmineThispaperreportsonsomeresearchcarriedoutlastyearintowhystudentschooseaperiodofstudyabroad,theirreasonsforselectingaspecificdestination,theirbehaviourwhenabroadandtheextenttowhichtheexperiencematchestheirexpectations.Havingadministeredaquestionnaireto1,000internationalstudentsstudyingatanumberofuniversitiesinAustralia,wegot696responses.Aninitialanalysisoftheresponseshasrevealedsomeinterestingdatasuggestingthatthekeyfactoraffectingalltheareaswewereinvestigatingwastheindividual'spersonalityandstudyinterests.Countryoforiginand'genderprovedlesssignificantthanexpected.JimmyThisresearchlookedatthecareerpathsof35youngbusinesspeoplewhohadspentpartoftheiruniversitycourseataforeigneducationalinstitutioninordertoascertainwhetherthosepeoplehadacquiredgreatercross-culturalperspectivesthroughtheirexperienceofstudyabroad.Concernedaboutthelackofculturalawarenessoftheirstaff,agroupofUSbusinesscorporationsproposedtheresearch.Theresultsarelessconclusivethanexpected,buttheydosuggestthataperiodofstudyinaforeigncountrymayhelpstudentstodevelopthecross-culturalawarenessthatUSemployerscurrentlyseek.【小题1】Thepassageismainlyaboutfourresearchers'findingson________.A．thereasonsforyoungstudentstostudyabroadB．theimpactandeffectsofstudyinginanothercountryC．thetrendofmorestudentsfurtheringtheirstudyabroadD．theinterestofstudentswhooncestudiedinanothercountry【小题2】________usedthesubjects'personalaccountastheresearchmaterial.A．LilyB．ThomasC．JasmineD．Jimmy【小题3】Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Mostoftheresearchersfoundthestudentsglobalawarenessincreased.B．Alloftheresearcherstookareservedattitudetowardsstudyingabroad.C．Noneoftheresearchersthoughtgenderplayedaroleinstudents'choice.D．Onlyoneoftheresearchersdidresearchonthesubjects'careerdevelopment.6.

Whenantibiotics（抗生素）firstbecameavailable,farmersusedthemfreely.Nowscientistsknowthattheoveruseofantibioticscancultivatedrug-resistantbacteriathataredangeroustohumanhealth.Amongdebatesoverwhatkindsofrestrictionsshouldbeputinplace,figuringouthowantibiotic-resistantbacteriaevolveandmaketheirwaytohumansremainsanareaofintenseinterest.JoHandelsmanistracingonesuchpathwaythat,assheputsit,travelsfrom"farmtotable."Handelsman,amicrobiologistwhoisnowassociatedirectorforscienceattheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy,lookedintodairycows,whichareoftentreatedwithantibioticsandproducemanure（排泄物）thatfarmersuseontheircrops.Inadditiontonutrients,thatfertilizermayharborantibiotic-resistantbacteria—aproblembecausethebacteriacancomeintocontactwithplantsthatarefinallyshippedtosupermarketsandsometimeseatenraw.Tofindouthowthoseantibiotic-resistantbacteriacometoexist,HandelsmanandhercolleaguesatYaleUniversityaddedmanurefromanearbyConnecticutfarmtoraisedbedsofsoilin2013.Inthiscase,themanurespecificallycamefromcowsthatwerenottreatedwithantibiotics.Theresearchersunexpectedlyfoundthatthereweremoresoilbacteriacarryingantibiotic-resistantgeneswhentheyweregrownwiththemanurethanwhentheyweregrownwithsyntheticnitrogen-basedfertilizer—eventhoughthecowsweredrug-free.Previousresearchhasfoundthatmanurefrompigstreatedwithantibioticscontainsresistantbacteria,butthecow-pieresultssuggesttherearemorefactorspromotingresistancebesidesantibioticuse.Somethingaboutmanureitselfmayencouragenaturallyresistantbacteriatoincrease.Thefindingsshouldnot,however,givetheimpressionthatresistanceiseverywhere,notesLancePrice,amicrobiologistatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity（whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy）."Wecancontrolthis.There'sveryclearevidencethatwhenweturnofftheantibiotictap,webringdowndrug-resistantbacteria,"saysLance.Nextonthefarm-to-tableschedule,Handelsmanwilltestwhetherradishesgrowninsoiltreatedwithcowmanurearecapableoftakingupresistantgenesfrombacteriathroughtheirvascularsystem（循环系统）."Theyhaveveins（血管）justlikeus,"shesays."Wedon'thaveanyevidenceyetthatthey'retakingupthebacteria,butit'sareallyinterestingpossibility."【小题1】WhatdoesJoHandelsman'sresearchfocuson?A．Howantibioticsmakesitswayontoourtable.B．Whatrestrictionsshouldbeputtoantibioticsuse.C．Howantibiotics-resistantbacteriareachhumanbeings.D．Whatdamagetheoveruseofantibioticsdoestohumans.【小题2】WhatdidJo'sresearchfind?A．Drug-freecowsproducedmanurewithantibiotic-resistantbacteria.B．Syntheticnitrogen-basedfertilizerdidmoregoodtotheenvironment.C．Soilbacteriacarryingantibiotic-resistantgeneswereincreasingwithtime.D．Manurefrompigstreatedwithantibioticscontainedfewerresistantbacteria.【小题3】LancePriceisquotedinthepassageinorderto________.A．providemoreevidencethatdrug-resistancebacteriaaredangerousB．suggestanotherpossibleexplanationtotheantibioticsproblemsC．emphasizetheimportanceoffeedingcowswithnoantibioticsD．showthattheresearchfindingsmaynotbethatworrisome【小题4】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisJomostlikelytoagreewith?A．Itisverylikelythatwidespreadresistancetoantibioticsisnotinevitable.B．Plantsgrowninsoilfertilizedwithcowmanuremaycontaindrug-resistantgenes.C．Thereispossibilitythatradishestakeupresistantgeneswherevertheyareplanted.D．Thevascularsystemplaysakeyroleinguardingradishesagainstbacteria.五、六选四7.

WashingthedishescanhelpyoulivelongerinlateryearsEvenasmallincreaseinlightactivity,suchaswashingdishesoralittlegentlegardening,mighthelplowertheriskofanearlydeathamongolderadults,researcherssay.“Itisimportantforelderlypeople,whomightnotbeabletodomuchmoderateintensityactivity,thatjustmovingaroundanddoinglightintensityactivitywillhavestrongeffectsandisbeneficial,”saidUlfEkelund,aprofessorandfirstauthorofthestudyattheNorwegianSchoolofSportSciences.However,thestudyfindsthatthereismore“bangforyourbuck”ifyouengageinintenseactivitycomparedwithlightactivity.【小题1】PublishedintheBMJ,thelatestresearchinvolvedareviewofeightstudiesencompassingatotalofmorethan36,000peoplewithanaverageageofalmost63years.Participantswerefollowedforfivetosixyears;2,149deathswererecorded.Crucially,allofthestudiesinvolvedmonitoringthephysicalactivityofindividualswhohadactivitytrackers.【小题2】Foreachstudyparticipantsweresplitintofourequal-sizedgroups,basedonthetotalamountoftimespentactive,andtheriskofdeathassessed,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasage,gender,bodymassindex,andsocioeconomicstatus.Thiswasthenrepeatedforanamountofactivityatdifferentlevelsofintensity.Theresultswereanalysedtogethertogiveanoverview.【小题3】Theresultsheldfordifferentintensitiesofactivity.Theteamsaidthestudysupportedthemessage“sitlessandmovemoreandmoreoften.”【小题4】Itonlylookedatthesituationformiddleageandolderadults,mostofwhomlivedintheUSorEurope,andsomeoftheeffectcouldbeduetothosepeoplewithahigherriskofdeathbeinglesslikelytoengageinphysicalactivity.Physicalactivitylevelsalsowereonlymeasuredoveroneperiodoftime.A．Itissaidthathigherlevelsofanyphysicalactivityhelpkeepoffanearlygrave.B．Thestudiesdidnotrelyonself-reporting,which,theexpertsnoted,couldbeunreliable.C．Thelateststudybacksuppreviousresearchsuggestingreducingtimespentsittingstillisbeneficial.D．However,thestudyhadlimitations.E．Ashortperiodofintenseactivityisviewedasbeneficialasmuchlongerperiodsoflesseractivity.F．Theteamfoundagreatervolumeofactivityoverallwaslinkedtoalowerriskofdeath.六、概要写作8.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheUsefulBeanDoyouknowwhatthecommonfactorinbeefood,vinylplastic,andtofuis?Itisthesoybean.Somepartofthesoybeanisusedintheseproductsaswellasmanyotheredible（可以食用的）andnonedibleproducts.Thesoybeanisalsoconsideredtobeoneofthemultipurposeandhardyplants.Itcangrowinlow-qualitysoil.Throughoutthelifeoftheplant,areleaseofnutrientsthroughoutplantrootsmakessoilmorefertile.Soybeansarealsoveryhighinprotein.Withitshardiness,soilbenefits,high-proteincontent,andvarioususes,somepeoplebelievethesoybeanwillbecomethegreatestweaponagainstworldhunger.Therearethreestandardprocedurestakenfromthesoybeanplant—oil,protein,andwholesoybeans.Oilisusedforediblepurposessuchascookingoilandsaladdressing.Industriesmakenonedibleuseofsoybeanoilbyaddingtoantistaticsprays,printerink,andshampoo.Onesignificantnonedibleuseofsoybeanoilisthemakingofvinylplastics.Vinylisusedtomakeeverythingfromcreditcardsandgardenhosestocomputerparts.Proteinfromthesoybeanisalsousedinedibleandnonedibleproducts.Edibleusesfortheproteinincludebabyfoodsandhypoallergenicmilk.Evenanimalsbenefit:beefoodandfishfoodcontainproteinfromthesoybean.Someindustriesusetheproteinfornonediblepurposessuchascosmetics,adhesives,yarn,andwater-basedpaints.Itemsmadeusingwholesoybeansarethemostcommonlyrecognizedproductofthesoybeanplant.Wholesoybeansareusedtomakefoodforpeopleandanimals.Grocerystorescarryavarietyoffoodsmadewithwholesoybeans.Someoftheseitemsarepancakeflour,coffee,soymilk,soysauceandtofu.Astheversatility（多用途）andhardinessofthisbeangainspopularity,moreusesofsoybeanproductswillcertainlybediscovered.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）9.在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。（worth）(汉译英）10.这位心理学家发现，我们拥有的物品带给我们的满足感会随着时间消逝。（wear）(汉译英）11.最好请人审阅一下你的文章，看看自己的想法是否有