福州高三第一次质量检测英语试题之词汇衔接讲义

词汇衔接之福州2025届高三第一次质量检测衔接（cohesion）和连贯（coherence）是语篇的两个重要特征。语篇衔接手段分为语法衔接和词汇衔接。词汇衔接指语篇中出现的一部分词汇相互之前存在语义上的联系，或反复，或由其他同义词语替代，或共同出现（胡壮麟，2018）。词汇衔接指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义、互补、整体与部分等关系，来使语篇语义连贯（黄国文，1988）。词汇衔接训练一方面能够有效避免教师忽视语篇主题、孤立地讲解词汇和语法现象；另一方面能够促使学生围绕主题，根据上下文语境，通过推理、判断等思维活动来解读文本，有助于形成语篇衔接的意识，掌握语篇衔接的手段，发展逻辑思维。BWhenmyeditorsaskedmetoreportonforestbathing,Ipackedaswimsuit.Iassumeditmustinvolvegettinginthewater.Itturnsout,myinterpretationwastooliteral.ImetcertifiedForestTherapy(治疗)guideMelanieChoukasBradleyatanurbanforestinWashington,D.C.Here,Ibegantogetit.Forestbathingisn’tabathorahike.Wedidwalktheforesttrails,butwewanderedwithnoparticulardestinationinmind.Theaimofforestbathing,ChoukasBradleyexplained,istoslowdownandthrowoneselfinthenaturalenvironment.Shehelpedusbeawareofthesmells,tastesandsightsoftheforest.Wetookinoursurroundingsbyusingalloursenses.Aswepassedthroughastandoftrees,wetouchedthetrunks.Wesmelledtheblackwalnuts,whichgiveoffalovelyfragrance(香气).Wegotalittleshowerofripemulberries,too.“Closeyoureyesandjustbreathe.”ChoukasBradleytoldus.AfterIopenedmyeyes,thegreenlookedalotgreener.AndIbegantoseethingsIhadn’tnoticedbefore.“Aforestguidehelpsusbehere,notthere,”saysAmosClifford,thefounderoftheAssociationofNature&ForestTherapy,theorganizationthatcertifiestheguides.Theysupportwhattheforestscouldofferus,invitingusintopracticesthatdeepenphysicalpresence,pleasure,andpartnershipwithnature.Whenweconnectwithnatureinthisway,weareconnectingwithourselves.Clifford’sgoalistoencouragehealthcareproyiderstointegrateforesttherapyasastressreductionstrategy.IntheUnitedStates,workrelatedstressaccountsforupto$190billioninhealthcarecostseachyear.“It’smyhopethatthehealthcaresystemwillincludeforesttherapyintotherangeofservices,”Cliffordsays.4.Whatisforestbathing?A.Ahikeupthemountain.B.Anadventureinthewoods.C.Aswimminginopenwater.D.Aguidednaturehealingpractice.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：heal,healthcare是therapy同义词5.Howcanwebenefitfromforestbathing?A.Byimprovingourawareness.B.Bydoingintensetraining.CByexperiencingnaturemindfully.D.Bycarryingouteyesighttests.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：nature，naturalenvironment，surroundings是forest同义词。slowdown，throwoneself，Beawareof，alloursenses，smell，eyes是mindfully同义词，描述了森林浴时有意识地慢下来，专注于当前，全面感受自然环境的过程。6.Whatcanaguidehelpforestbathersdo?A.Locateandpickripefruits.B.Putexerciseplansintoaction.C.Identifydifferenttreesandbirds.D.Concentrateonthesurroundingnature.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：behere，physicalpresence，partnershipwithnature，connectwithnature是Concentrateonthesurroundingnature同义词7.WhatcanwelearnfromClifford’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Healthcaresystemneedsupdating.B.Naturebasedtherapycoststoomuch.C.Stressrelateddiseasesaremonlyseen.D.Foresttherapycouldbeanalternativetreatment.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：healthcare，therapy，strategy是treatment同义词CFloatingpiecesofArcticseaicerolledintoplicatedpatternsasoceancurrentscarriedthemsouthalongGreenland’seastcoastinspring2024.TheMODIS(光谱仪)onNASA’sTerrasatelliteseizedamomentofthisdizzyingjourneyonJune4,2024.Muchoftheicehaslikelyflowedagreatdistancetogettothispoint.TheFramStrait,connectingtheArcticOceanwiththeGreenlandSea,servesastheprimaryrouteforseaiceoutoftheArctic.Alongtheway,itbreaksintosmallerpiecesandstartstomeltinwarmeroceanwaters.“Thesmallerthefloatingice,themore‘wispy’thepatterns,”saidWaltMeier,aseaicescientist.Thesmallicepiecesmayonlybemetersacross—toosmalltodistinguishinMODISimagery.Theirgatheringformsthesmokelikecloudsrisingfromthewatersurface.Asthesummerwearson,icewillcontinuetobecarriedoutoftheArctic.Butinrecentyears,moreoftheArcticOcean’sseaicehasbeetooyoungandthintomakethejourneysouth,notedAngelaBliss,aseaicescientistatNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.“Historically,whenmoreoftheArcticseaicewouldsurvivethesummermeltseason,growingthickerandolder,alargervolumeofseaicewouldbetransportedthroughtheFramStrait,”shesaid.Someclimatescientistsarewatchingthisdecreasedflowclosely.ThemovementofseaiceandfreshwateroutoftheArcticisaponentofoceancirculation(洋流)patternsthatdistributeheataroundtheplanet.The“globaloceanconveyorbelt”transportscoldwatersouthandwarmwaternorth,contributingtoclimateconditionsworldwide.“Lessiceandfreshwatertransporthavebigimpactsonoceanproductivity,aswellaswarmingupperoceantemperatures,intheregion,”saidBliss.A2023studylookingattwodecadesofrelatedobservationsfoundthattheEastGreenlandCurrentismovinglessseaicethroughtheFramStrait,primarilyduetoseaicethinning.TheresearchersobservedthatsummertimesurfacewatertemperaturesoffGreenlandhaverisen,inpartduetotheincreasedpresenceofheatabsorbingopenwater.8.WhatdoestheNASAimagemainlyshow?A.Thelengthofthecoastline.B.ThejourneytotheArctic.C.Asceneofseaicemovement.D.ApatternoftheArcticice.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：carriedthemsouth，journey，flowedagreatdistance，primaryroute，outoftheArctic，Alongtheway，makethejourneysouth，betransportedthroughtheFramStrait，Themovementofseaice，movinglessseaicethroughtheFramStrait。这篇文章讲得就是冰的移动及其相关的环境影响。9.Whatdoestheunderlined“wispy”possiblymean?A.Typical.B.Delicate.C.Evident.D.Similar.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：small，melt，smaller，toosmalltodistinguish是delicate同义词。传达了冰块的越来越小和脆弱的状态。10.Whyareclimatescientistsmonitoringthereducedflow?A.Itaffectsthebalanceofglobalheat.B.ItencouragesArcticoceandiversity.C.Itleadstothepollutionoffreshwater.D.Itspeedsupthe“oceanconveyorbelt”.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：distributeheat，cold，warm，climateconditions，warmingupperoceantemperatures是globalheat同义词。文章整体上讨论了海冰和淡水流动对全球洋流和气候条件的影响。11.Whatcanweknowaboutthechangingseaiceinthelastparagraph?A.Itstheoreticalbasis.B.Itseconomicpromise.C.ItsimpactontheFramStrait.D.Itslinkwithclimatesystem.11和10都是考察对气候的影响。在以上词汇衔接上，我们可以再加上：surfacewatertemperatures，heatabsorbing，都是围绕气候变暖在进行词汇衔接。DInadigital,globalworldwherethinkingcriticallyandgeneratingnewideascount,acradletocareerapproachtoeducatingchildrenmustbemindfulofhowchildrenlearntolearn,notjustwhattheylearn.TheIntellectualLivesofChildrenallowsreaderstolookintothemindsofkidsastheyexploreandlearnineverydaymoments,emphasizingwhatconstitutesreallearning.Childrenarebornwithplayfulcuriosity.Theyaskquestionsabouteverything—Whydoesatreehaveleaves?WhydoestheSuneup?Thesequestionshelpchildrendiscoverthecausalrelationshipsamongthings—allwiththeguidanceofadults.Yetexplorationstaketime.AsEngelwrites,“whenchildrenareallowedtodiveintoatopicthoroughly,theyconnectunrelatedfactsandgeneratenewideas.”Therealmentalworktakesplaceastheyplay—whenachildbuildsaplatformofchairstogetcookiesfromanoutofreachcookiebox.Hiddeninthesemomentsarestrengthenedcuriosityandinnovation.Hurriedparentsoftenlacktheabilitytoallowthattime,fearingthattheirchildrenmightbelatefortheirnextscheduledactivity.“ItbeesclearthattheeducationalsysteminU.S.doesnotconcernitselfwithchildren’sintellectuallives,”warnsEngelinthebook.Instead,shehopestoreimagineschoolsas“ideafactories”builtoninspiringcuriosity:“Imagineassessingstudentsprogressundersomenewheadings:posesinterestingquestions,...andspendstimesolvingthem.Inonelovelyexample,Engeldescribesateacherwhochallengedherstudentstoconstructarecordbreakingstrawchainmeasuring3.8miles.“Winningwouldbefun,butthecognitive(认知的)benefitswouldbefarreaching,”explainstheteacher,whosegoalwastohelpthechildrenbetterunderstandthedepthoftheMarianaTrench.Withscientificinsightandvividexamples,Engel’sbookofferstipsforhowtomakethelearningmoreapparent.Sheencouragesparentstoseechildrenasactivethinkersandsuggeststhatbyaskingopenendedquestionsandlettingthemexplore,childrenwillbebetterpreparedforaplexandeverchangingworld.12.Howwillchildren’splayfulcuriositybeereallearning?A.Bygivingkidsatimelimit.B.Byplanningoutextraactivities.C.Byrememberingcasualfacts.D.Byallowingkidstofullyexplore.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：taketime，play，diveintoatopicthoroughly，allowthattime，belate是fullyexplore同义词。hurriedparents是反义词。13.What’sEngel’sattitudetowardAmericaneducationalsystem?A.Critical.B.Unclear.C.Unconcerned.D.Tolerant.14.WhatisspecialaboutEngel’sbook?A.Itpresentsaplicatedworld.B.Itpromotesscheduledactivities.C.Itbinesscienceandpractice.D.Itfeaturesopenendedquestions.该题中的词汇衔接手段体现为：scientificinsight是science同义词，vividexamples是practice同义词。15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FunInspiresKids’CuriosityB.PlayDevelopsBetterThinkersC.LearningFeedsYoungMindsD.HurriedParentsTeachKidsWellWeareallcreaturesofhabit.Wetendtowakeupatthesametimeeachday,brushourteeth,havemorningcoffeeandtraveltowork,followingthesamepatternseveryday.____16____Behavioralscientistswhostudyhabitformationsaythatmanyofustrytocreatehealthyhabitsthewrongway.____17____Herearetwotips,backedbyresearch,forformingnewhealthyhabits.____18____Formanyofus,ourmorningroutineisthestrongest,sothat’sagreatplacetobuildanewhabit.Whilebrushingyourteeth,youmightstandononefoottopracticebalance.Manyofusfallintoendofthedaypatternsaswell.DoyoutendtosinkintothesofaafterworkandturnontheTV?Thatmightbeagoodtimetodoasingledailyyogapose.____19____Wendy