高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-名词性从句

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载高考英语二轮语法词汇复习系列第十章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考重点要求：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词知识点概述一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类：1.名词性that从句，即以that为连接词的名词性从句。that只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。2.名词性wh-从句，即以wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括：连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why连接词whether,if不充当句子的任何成分。二、主语从句1.用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that从句作主语，that不能省略。▲Thathelikessuchkindofbooksisveryinteresting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。▲Whetherhewillbeabletocomeremainsaquestion.他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。▲Whatheislookingforisnoneofyourbusiness.他在找什么与你无关。2.很多主语从句都可以用that作形式主语。例如：Itisveryinterestingthathelikessuchkindofbooks.Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillbeabletocome.3.It作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系：1）It+be+adj.+从句

Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.

2）It+be+n.+从句

Itisapitythathemissedthelecture.3）It+be+过去分词+从句

Itissaidthattheyhavewonthegame.4）It+be+vi.+从句Itseemsthatsomethingiswrongwiththecomputer.三、表语从句表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的联系动词之后。that从句作表语，that不能省略。表语从句只用whether，不用if。▲Theproblemisthatsmokerscannotgowithoutsmoking.问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。▲Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是这是否值得做。▲Thisiswherehehasworkedforyears.这就是他多年工作的地方。四、宾语从句宾语从句在句中作宾语，引导宾语从句的that可以省略。whether和if可互换，但介词宾语或有ornot时，用whether.▲Theyknowthatthehabitmaykillthem.他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。▲TheydoubtwhetherornotJackisagoodstudent.他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。▲Theywantedtoseewhichshopsofferedthebestadviceandservice.他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。五、同位语从句同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分，从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That从句作同位语，that不能省略。▲Wordcamethatourfootballteamhadwonthematch.消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比赛。▲MayIaskaquestionwhenthemeetingwillbeheld?我能否问个问题，会议什么时候举行？第二节实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1.由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语2.主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性，从句还要保持陈述句语序。3.当从句是由选择问句转化而成时，一定要用whether构成whether...or结构。4.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+adj.+that从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+过去分词+that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+n.+that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+be+vi.+that从句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……5.选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词whether…or或whether…ornot构成，例如：PleasetellmewhethertheyareSwedishorDanish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。二、历届高考试题分析例1、_____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.Whatisrequired B.WhatrequiresC.Itisrequired D.Itrequires答案为C【解析】本句的结构为Itis+动词的过去分词+that引导主语从句。经常用于这种结构的动词还有say,report,think,hope,expect,consider,suggest等。例2、Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_________roadconditionsneed_________.A.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimprovedC.where...improvingD.when...improving答案为A。【解析】考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词that，故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空格，need既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即needtodosth.，另外roadconditions与improve之间是被动关系，因此是needtobeimproved(needtobedone=needdoing)。译文：私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。例3、_________madetheschoolproudwas_________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because答案为B。【解析】what引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在表语从句中起连接作用。例4、There'safeelinginme_______we'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what答案为A。【解析】同位语从句thatwe'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever作afeeling的同位语，解释afeeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是UFO——永远不会。例5、Perseveranceisakindofquality—andthat's_______ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why答案为A。【解析】这是一个表语从句，what在表语从句中作takes的宾语，构成“Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。译文：坚定不移是一种品质——坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。例6、Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that答案为A。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句谚语，意思是“永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。”译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。例7、Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as答案为B。【解析】这是一个同位语从句。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。注意：that和what引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区别：that引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that引导宾语从句时，that可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what在这四个名词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。例8、Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why答案选C。【解析】这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能从重病中很快康复。”例9、—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where答案为A。【解析】这是一个why引导的表语从句，表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”例10、________shecouldn'tunderstandwas________fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What...whyB.That...whatC.What...becauseD.Why...that答案选A。【解析】主语从句shecouldn'tunderstand缺少宾语，要用What引导。表语从句fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons是一个完整的句子，要用why引导，意思是“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣”。第三节巩固练习Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.____the2012OlympicGameswillbeheldinParisisnotknownyetA.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for3.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It4.ThewholefamilywereworriedaboutJanebecausenoonewasaware______shehadgone.A.thatwhere B.oftheplacewhich C.ofwhat D.ofwhere5._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter6.____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.That B.What C.Which D.This7.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Thereason C.Whoever D.Who8.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where9.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who B.Theone C.Anyone D.Whoever10.Thequestionremains______thePartycanwinthemajorityofthepeople.A.that B.if C.whether D./11.Iremember____thisusedtobeaquietvillage. A.when B.how C.where D.what12.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywereexcited13.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.nomatterwho14.Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput15.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike16.Canyoutellme____?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman17.Theywanttoknow____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey18.Wouldyoupleasetellme____theairport?A.howIcangetto B.howcanIgetto C.whereIcangetto D.whereIcangetto19.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever20.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis21.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehadthedaybefore.A.that B.how C.where D.what22.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere23.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’show24.Itisimportant______youwinorlose;whatmattersishowyouplaythegame.A.whether B.asif C.whom D.that25.Therewasmuchcertainty______theboardofdirectorswouldagreetoourvariousproposalsforincreasingsales.A.which B.why C./ D.that26.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgone B.theredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone D.wherehashegone27.Greenland,____islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargest B.thatisthelargest C.isthelargest D.thelargest28.____isnopossibility____BobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematchA.There…that B.It…that C.There…whether D.It…whether29.Wewillsoondiscusstheproblem______weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheanimalsandplantsinourregion.A.if B.whether C.that D.eversince30.____isquiteclear.A.Whereisthefighting B.WhyisthefightingC.Whatwaris D.Whatiswarbeing31.Thereason_______hedidn’tcometoourpartywas_______hetookamissingboybackhomeonhisway.A.why…because B.why…that C.that…why D.that…that32.____thatnotallgovernmentofficialsarehonest.A.Itseemstome B.Inmyopinion,IbelieveC.Mybelievingis D.Ithinkinmymind33.____ismoreandlessadvancedcanpassthetest.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.Astudent34._______landownershipinsomecountiesisunfair_______obvious.A.What…is B.Whether…are C.That…is D.If…is35.ThereasonIplantogois____ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillhaveadisappointmentD.onaccountofshewillbedisappointed36.Shewantedtoknow____.A.whetherIknewherandwheredidsheworkifIknowherandthefactorysheworkedtherewhetherIknewherandthefactorysheworkedifIknewherandthefactorywheresheworked37.Myfatherwouldn’ttellme____hisnewcar.A.howmuchhepaidfor B.howmuchdidhepayC.hepaidhowmuchfor D.didhepayhowmuch38.Asimpleexperimentshows____airhassomestrength.A.what B.that C.which D.who39.Ican’ttell______A.whatonemybrotherlikesbestwhichonemybrotherlikesbestthatonedoesmybrotherlikebestwhichonedoesmybrotherlikebest40._____wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.That B.Which C.whether D.What41.Thebooklooks____ithadbeenoutintherain.A.that B.whether C.asthough D.what42.Shesaidthatshe____there