高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-非谓语动词_第1页
高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-非谓语动词_第2页
高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-非谓语动词_第3页
高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-非谓语动词_第4页
高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-非谓语动词_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩10页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

非谓语动词动词除了在句子中充当谓语外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等,称作非谓语动词,包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。高考重点要求:1、掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中的作用2、区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同3、掌握不定式、动名词作宾语,不定式和分词作宾补的惯用结构4、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系,以确定非谓语动词的时态形式5、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,以确定非谓语动词的语态形式第一节知识点概述一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。(一)动词不定式的特征及用法1.动词不定式的构成及特征“to+动词原形”构成动词不定式,是一种非谓语形式,在句子中不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。作主语例如:TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:Itis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式的动作执行者,可以用for或of即:Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.作表语Mywishistobecomeateacher.作宾语Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.作宾语补足语Hetoldmetobehereontime.作定语Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.作状语Hestoppedtohavealook.3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式not+to+动词原形例如:Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如:(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(不定式作宾语) (2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主语) (3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表语)(二)动词不定式的时态和被动形动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种:一般式todo例如:IliketoreadEnglish.进行式tobedoing例如:Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.完成式tohavedone例如:Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.被动式tobedone例如:Theworkistobedonesoon.完成被动式tohavebeendone例如:Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二、分词分词是动词非谓语形式的一种,包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示:主动,动作正在进行。过去分词表示:被动,动作已经完成。(一)分词的作用分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如:1.作定语Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?2.作表语Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3.作宾语补足语Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4.作状语Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。(二)分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式,而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生,或在谓语动词之前发生。例如:Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.现在分词的完成时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。例如:Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(三)现在分词的被动式被动一般式beingdone例如:Thisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.被动完成式havingbeendone例如:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.(四)分词的否定形式分词的否定式,由not+分词构成,例如:Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.(五)分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构,在句法功能上起状语作用。例如:Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.

Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.三、动名 动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征,也有名词特征。 动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如:⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.(作主语)⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.(作表语)⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.(作宾语)⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.(做定语) 动名词的否定形式由not+动名词构成。例如: Hemademeangrybynottakingthemedicine. 动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如: Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor? 动名词的一般式,表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前,或在后。例如: Weallenjoylisteningtomusic.(同时发生) Doyouremembermeetingmethere?(在谓语动词前发生) 动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如: IregretnothavingbeentakentotheGreatWallwhenIwasachild. Sheattendedthepartywithoutbeinginvited.第二节实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。例如:Isawtheyoungmanenterthehouse.(同时发生)Ihopetogotherenexttime.(之后发生)2.不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。例如:I’msorrytohavebrokenyourglasses.3.不定式进行式表示不定式的动作,与谓语动词同时发生。例如:Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobereadingatthetable.4.不定式的被动式有两种形式:tobedone表示将要被做,tohavebeendone表示已被做。例如:Thenewcinematobeputupnextyearwillbeverylarge.Thecinemaissaidtohavebeenbuiltlastyear.5.在表示情绪的动词,如like,love,hate,prefer等后,用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向,用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/shouldlike/love/prefer后要用不定式例如:Ihateeatingthesamefoodeveryday.WouldyouliketowatchTVintheevening?6.在动词need,want,require后用动名词表示被动含义,相当于动词不定式的被动式;而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。例如:Thehouseneedscleaning.=Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Heneedstocleanthehousefirst.7.在介词后一般用动名词作宾语,但在少数介词,如but,except后用动词不定式作宾语,但要注意“to”的省略,如but前有“do”则省去“to”。例如:Ihavedonenothingbuthelphimwithhisluggage.Ihavenochoicebuttowaitforhimatthebusstop.8.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,因此,要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。例如:Theaccidentwhichhappenedyesterdaywasveryserious.9.如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的,则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。例如:Weatherpermitting,wewillgototheCenter10.分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系,用现在分词,而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语,分词要用完成时。例如:Havingfinishedhiscomposition,hewenthome.Whilelookingthroughthepaper,hefoundsomeerrors.二、历届高考试题分析例1、Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_________.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught【答案】C。leadto这个词组中to是介词,后面跟名词,于是B被排除,thethief是动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构,与catch之间应是被动关系,故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有:(get)beusedto,lookforwardto,lookupto,stickto,objectto,bedevotedto,payattentionto等。例2、Though_______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin【答案】C。lack是及物动词,后接宾语money。hisparents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系,要用现在分词作状语。译文:虽然缺钱,他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。例3、Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.tolose B.losing C.tobelost D.beinglost【答案】:Brisk后面只能带动名词做宾语,含义为“冒……之险”。_____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【答案】C。在非谓语动词中,用动名词或不定式来作主语,而分词和介词短语不能作主语,因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中,willdo是谓语,缺少主语,要用动名词作主语。expose与one'sskin是动宾关系,所以要用动名词的被动式beingexposed。译文:在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。例5、____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.Put B.Putting C.Havingput D.Beingput【答案】:Aputsth.intouse“让……投入使用”。显然,put和句子主语thehotline构成被动关系,所以用表示被动的过去分词。例6、Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust____alookatthesportsstars.A.had B.having C.tohave D.have【答案】:C动词不定式充当目的状语。例7、Withalotofdifficultproblems_______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled【答案】C动词不定式tosettle作为difficultproblems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题;过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题,现在分词的被动式beingsettled作定语表示正在解决的难题。例8、MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.taking B.taken C.havingtaken D.havingbeentaken【答案】:Atakeadvantageof(利用)和句子主语Moreandmorepeople构成主动关系,且和句子谓语signupfor(报名参加)同时发生,所以选择A。Sandycoulddonothingbut________tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit【答案】A。该句中的but是介词,后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do,does或did时,后接不带to的不定式;是其他动词时,后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是coulddonothing,要填动词原形admit。译文:山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。Hesentmeane-mail,________togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope【答案】B。现在分词hoping表示与sendmeane-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时,句子的正确形式是:Hesentmeane-mailtogetfurtherinformation.不需要hope一词,如果要选择“hoped”时,句子的正确形式是:Hesentmeane-mailandhopedtogetfurtherinformation。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。第三节巩固练习Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.A.practiceB.topracticeC.practicingD.practised此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould_______hisoralEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving此题答案选D,注意两点:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone【陷阱】容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题,答案也是B:Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned再请看以下试题:Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.A.devotedtodo B.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoing D.isdevotedtodoing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。(2)选A错误:若将do改为doing则可以。(3)选B正确:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。(4)选C错误:因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。(5)选D错误:若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。请做以下类似题(答案均选A):(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.A.completed B.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompleted D.beencompleted(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,support B.was,supportC.hasbeen,supporting D.is,tosupport比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completed B.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompleted D.beencompleted(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,support B.was,supportC.hasbeen,supporting D.is,tosupport4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmake B.nottomakeC.notmaking D.donotmake【陷阱】容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。【分析】其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.A.provide B.toprovideC.providing D.provided5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.A.tobetied B.beingtiedC.tied D.havingtied【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands与tie的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.A.finds B.foundC.beingfound D.willfind答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.A.argued B.tobearguedC.tobearguing D.beingargued(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcough

or

bythesoundofpages_______.A.turned B.havingturnedC.tobeturned D.beingturned6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.A.oftaking B.takingC.totake D.take【陷阱】容易误选A。受remindsbof(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响。【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)请看两个例句:Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youfly B.yourflightC.flight D.flying【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly。但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo【陷阱】容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。【分析】正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事objecttodoingsth反对做某事sticktodoingsth坚持做某事getdowntodoingsth开始做某事taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事admittodoing承认做了某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能胜任做某事Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.A.tobuy B.buyingC.onbuying D.inbuying【陷阱】容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。【分析】答案应选C。其实,动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是that从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家。Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearest

or

dosomethingelse.”A.typing B.tobetypedC.typed D.totype【陷阱】容易误选D,根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。【分析】最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.A.put B.toputC.putting D.havingput【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took,ran,put,drove为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.A.paid B.payingC.topay D.havingpaid但是,下面一题稍有不同:Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left;lainopen B.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopened D.left;layopened此题答案选B,leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与其前的动词leave有关,leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.A.be,todo B.was,doingC.be,doing D.was,todo【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下:(1)第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。(2)第二空要填todo,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有makethemostof(尽量利用),makethebestof(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.A.tobuild B.buildingC.build D.built此题答案选A,不是B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation由此可见,makeuseof的宾语是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语。(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.making B.tomakeC.howtomake D.havingmade此题答案选B,不是A。句子主语是theway,youthoughtof是修饰主语的定语从句,不定式tomakethewaterclean也是修饰主语的定语,也就是说,句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carriedout B.carryingoutC.carryout D.tocarryout【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句。(2)由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系,故填过去分词carriedout。请做以下类似试题:(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboy

or

agirl?A.tohavego B.tohavetogoC.tohavegone D.havingtogo在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.句中的go要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词aboy提问,便可得出:Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?A.makewash B.maketowashC.makewashing D.makingtowash在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.假若对句中的名词Jack提问,便可得出:Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?由此可知上面题答案为A。(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.A.found B.findingC.tofind D.forfinding此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.A.tohascome B.tohavecomeC.tohavingcome D.hascome【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词to的宾语不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday为句子主语,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,被省略),hascome是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题:(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.A.comes B.comeC.coming D.came答案选D,句子主语为theman,youreferredto为修饰theman的定语从句,空白处填came,为句子谓语。(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.A.proves B.proveC.proving D.beproved答案选A,hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句,句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.A.was B.beC.being D.been答案选A,hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句。句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.A.tohelp B.helpC.helping D.helped答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语,正确的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句,finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语。(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimming

or

fishing?A.spending B.beingspentC.spend D.tospend答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which,不是其后的动词spending。此题中的tospend…用作目的状语。(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.A.being B.tobeC.is D.are答案选C,而不选A。whattheboyenjoys是主语从句,空格处填的is为谓语动词。(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove答案选B,而不选C。句子主语是nothing,thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.A.standing B.tostandC.tostanding D.tostands答案选D。wepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句,句中的stands为主句谓语。(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.A.is B.tobeC.tobeing D.tois答案选D。句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句,to后的动词is是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.A.came B.tocomeC.tocoming D.tocame答案选D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句,to后的动词came是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.A.is B.tobeC.tobeing D.towas答案选D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句,to后的动词was是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.A.Follow B.FollowingC.Tofollow D.Followed【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B:_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.A.Follow B.FollowingC.Tofollow D.Followed但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的):_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.A.Follow B.FollowingC.Tofollow D.Followed请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词and(填空句为祈使句):(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.A.Get B.TogetC.Getting D.Havinggot(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.A.Drink B.TodrinkC.Drinking D.Havingdrinking(3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.A.Watch B.WatchingC.Towatch D.Havewatching(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.Look B.LookingC.Tolook D.Havinglooked(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.Leave B.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如:(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turn B.TurningC.toturn D.Tohaveturned(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.A.Try B.TryingC.Totry D.Tohavetried以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词when,before,until等(填空句为祈使句):(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.A.Give B.TogiveC.Giving D.Given(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.A.Keep B.KeepingC.Tokeep D.Kept(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.A.Put B.PuttingC.Toput D.Tobeputting(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.A.Wait B.TowaitC.Waiting D.Havingwaited(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.A.Join B.TojoinC.Joining D.Joined以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句:(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.A.tell B.tellingC.totell D.tobetelling(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!A.come B.comingC.tocome D.tobecoming(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.A.saveB.tosaveC.saving D.havingsaved(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.A.prepare,cook B.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cook D.prepare,cooking(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.A.put B.puttingC.toput D.tobeputting但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.A.Study B.TostudyC.Studying D.Havingstudied(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.A.Sleep B.TosleepC.Sleeping D.Havingslept(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.A.Keep B.TokeepC.Keeping D.Havingkept(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.A.Improving B.ToimproveC.Improve D.Havingimproved【活学活用】1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting【答案】选D。catchsbdoingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某做某事”。2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.have B.havingC.andhave D.andhaving【答案】选B。这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语。3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.A.toask B.askingC.tobeasked D.havingasked【答案】选C。句中的it为形式主语,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式。4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo B.tohavegoneC.going D.havinggone【答案】选B。like和love后接不定式或动名词均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选B。5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A.consider B.consideringC.toconsider D.considered【答案】选A,before引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形。其中itwillhave…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied B.tostudyC.tobestudying D.tohavebeenstudying【答案】选A。根据句中的studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即选A。7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit【答案】选C。dowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:WhatshallIdowithit?怎样处置它好呢?Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道这怪东西有什么用。8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,

or

whatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarry B.seencarryingC.sawtocarry D.sawcarrying【答案】选B。anyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setup B.settingupC.havesetup D.havingsetup【答案】选B。devote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后动词要用动名词。句中的hehad为定语从句,用以修饰all,注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构。10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.A.thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaught【答案】选C。leadto意为“导致”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系,故答案选C。11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.A.visit B.payingavisitC.walkin D.

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论