定语从句(关系从句)赖氏经典英语语法

形容性从句（关系从句）关系词的分类1、关系代词2、关系代词所有格3、关系副词4、关系指示代词5、复合关系代词6、复合关系副词一、关系代词1、who、whom、whichex.1Heisagoodstudentwhostudieshardex.2Heisaboywhomeveryoneloves.ex.3Thisisaproblemwhichweshouldsolverightaway.Ex4HeisamanforwhomIenjoyworking.2、介词与有关系代词关系代词之前有介词时，介词可移至句末，此时可省略关系代词HeisamanwithwhomIenjoyworking.=HeisamanwhomIenjoyworkingwith.=HeisamanIenjoyworkingwith.Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.=Thehousewhichweliveinisverylarge.=thehouseweliveinisverylarge.另注意，有些固定的短语动词，在定语从句中出现时，不宜将介词置于关系代词之前，以保持该动词的完整性。PayattentiontocallontakeovergetridofTheman(whom)Icallonyesterdayismyteacher.2、that可出现在有关系从句中，但要满足两个条件，一是that从句之前不能有逗号，二是that前不能有介词。只能使用that的情况：a、序数词后。Hewasthefirstmanthatcameupwithsuchanidea.B、最高级后HeisthebeststudentthatI’veevertaught.C、“thevery+名词”后HeistheverymanthatImetyesterday.D、all之后Allthathesaidistrue.e、”theonly+名词”后HeistheonlyfriendthatIhave.F、句中若有两个相同关系代词引导的定语从句出现时，为避免重复，第二个关系代词通常改用that取代。Heworkshard,whichisafact(which)thatisknowntous. G、关系代词若在be动词后作表语，表示某人的身份时，要使用that，不用who或which.Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas.二、关系代词所有格Shehasanuncle,hisnameispeter=Shehasanunclewhosenameispeter.Ilikethathouse,It’slocationlooksgoodtome=Ilikethathouse,whoselocationlooksgoodtome.关系代词所有格使用三原则。a、关系代词所有格之前要用先行词b、该关系代词所有格之后的名词要作定语人名中的主语或宾语c、否则该关系代词所有格之前一定要有介词，该介词可移动句末。Ihatejohn,whosewordsIhavenotrust.Ihatejohn,inwhosewordsIhavenoturst=Ihatejohn,inwhosewordsIhavenotrustin.三、关系副词1、种类：四个where(=inwhich、onwhich、atwhich)when(=inwhich、onwhich、atwhich)why(=forwhich)how(=inwhich)用法1、whereThisisthecitywhere(inwhich)ImethimImethimatthestation,where(atwhich)thereweremanypassengers.Iboughtacabinetwhere(inwhich)IcouldstorebooksDoyouseethedeskwhere(onwhich)thereisabook2、where的用法hecameonFriday,when(ohwhich)itwasraininghard.That’stheyearwhen(inwhich)hegraduated.Thesunroseat6am,when(atwhich)mostpeoplewerestillintheirdreams.3、why的用法。Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hecried.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hecommittedsuicide.4、how的用法that’sthewayinwhichhehandledtheproblem.=that’showhehandledtheproblem.=that’sthewayhehandledtheproblem.四、复合关系代词种类代替人：whoever=anybodywhowhomever=anybodywhom代替人或物：whichever=anyonewhich\who三者以上whichever=eitherwhich\who两者以上代替物：what=thethingwhich(所…..的东西)whatever=anythingwhich（……的任何东西）2、whoever的用法a、先视whoever为两个词，即：anybodywhob、anybody是代词，可在主句中当作主语或宾语；who为关系代词，引导定语从句，并在该从句中作主语。我们可先用anybody作主语造一个句子。1）Anybodyshouldbepunished.后用who为主语的定语从句2）whomakessuchamistake.后，两句合并Anybodywhomakessuchamistakeshouldbepunished.=whoevermakessuchamistakeshouldbepunished.2、whomever的用法1）giveittoanybody.2)whomyoulike(youlikewhom)Giveittoanybodywhomyoullike.=Giveit