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语法复习专题三——代词一、考点聚焦代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下4中情况:①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。—DoesanyofyouknowwhereTomlives?—Me.What!Me(to)playhimatchess?No!②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。Thethiefwasthoughttobehe.(thethief是主格,故用he代替)Theytookmetobeher.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格,故用her替代)③作表语人称代词一般用宾格,但在强调句型中,被强调部分代词的格不变。Imetherinthehospital.→ItwasherwhoImetinthehospital.④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:Heistallerthanme(I).但在下列句中有区别。IlikeJackasmuchasher.=IlikebothJackandher.IlikeJackasmuchasshe.=IlikeJackandshelikeshim,too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:①在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.ZhangaskedLiHuaandmetohelphim.②第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。Heandshestilldon’tagreetotheplan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The“Titanic”wasthelargest,wasn’tshe?2.物主代词(1)名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。(2)one’sown…=...ofone’sown句式的转换。(3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。如:takesb.bythearm,bewoundedintheleg.3.反身代词(1)反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。(2)反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语。enjoyoneself,feeloneself,makeoneselfathome,makeoneselfunderstood(3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。foroneself为自己或独立地,ofoneself自然地,自动地byoneself独自地,inoneself本身性质,besideoneself喜怒哀愁至极Thisproblemgetsachaptertoitself.这个问题占了一章(独有)。Justbetweenourselves,Idon’tthinkmuchofhim.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.(相互共同)Lefttohimselfhebegantowrite.别人走后只留下他,他写了起来。I’mveryangrywithmyself.生自己的气。4.相互代词(eachother,oneanother)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为eachother’s、oneanother’s,作定语。一般来说,eachother指两者之间,oneanother指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词(this,that,these,those,such,same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。(1)指示代词this和that的区别。①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。Thisismydeskandthatisyours.Inthosedaystheycouldnotgotoschool.②this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Hehurthislegyesterday.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.③为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofNanjing.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.④this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,意思相当于副词so。(2)such和same的用法。①such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语和定语。Suchwasthestory.Wehaveneverseensuchatallbuilding.②same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the.Thesamecanbesaidoftheotherarticle.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。(主语)Whetherhecandoitornot,itisallthesametome.他是否能做这事,对我来说都一样。(表语)6、疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose)疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。(1)who/what①询问姓名或关系。——Whoishe?——Heismybrother./HeisHenry.询问职业或地位。——Whatishe?——Heisalawyer/teacher.②What/who作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复数。Whatis/areonthetable?Whois/areinthelibrary?(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。Ifoundtwobooksonthedesk.Whichisyours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分,以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。(1)some与any一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。HehassomeChinesepaintings.(定语)Somelikesports,otherslikemusic.(主语)Askmeifyouhaveanyquestions.(定语)Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?(定语)Idon’tknowanyofthestudents.(宾语)特殊用法:①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Anychildcandothat.(定语)Youmaytakeanyofthem.(宾语)②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。SmithwenttosomeplaceinEngland.(定语)③在期待对方回答yes时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?(邀请)Mum,couldyougivemesomemoney?(请求)④some用于否定句表示部分否定。Idon’tknowsomeofthestudents.(宾语)some和any在句中还可作状语,作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。如:Therearesome300workersonstrike.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?(2)One,both,all①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是one’s,反身代词是oneself.Oneshouldtryone’sbesttoservethepeople.(主语、定语)ThisisnottheoneIwant.(表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复,one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如:Thesebooksaremoreinterestingthanthoseones.Herearethreepens.Whichoneisyours,thisoneorthatoneortheoneinthepencil-box?②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。Thismathsproblemcanbeworkedoutinbothways.(定语)Bothoftheboysarehere.(主语)Webotharestudents.(同位语)注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。如:Bothofusarenotteachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neitherofusisateacher.我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。如:Bothmyparentslikethisfilm.Boththe/theseboysaretall.③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。Hegavemeallthemoney.他把全部的钱给了我。Alltheschoolsareflooded.所有的学校都被淹了。Itoldhimallaboutit.我把一切都告诉了他。That’sallfortoday.今天就在这儿。TheyhaveallbeentoXi’an.他们都去过西安。注意:all用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:Notalltheantsgooutforfood.(or:Alltheantsdon’tgooutforfood.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。Noneofthemoneyismine.这钱一分也不是我的。(3)many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。(4)few,little;afew,alittlefew和little表示没有多少,含否定意义;而afew和alittle表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few、afew修饰可数名词;little、alittle修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。(5)no和noneno=notany,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,noone只能指人。(6)each和everyeach(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every(每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。Everystudentitourclasshasadictionary.(定语,强调班上“所有的人”)Eachstudentinourclasshasadictionary.(定语,强调各个个体)Eachofthemhasbeenthere.(主语)Theteachergaveeachofthestudentsanewtextbook.(宾语)Weeachgotaticket.(同位语)(7)either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如:Herearetwopens.Youmaytakeeitherofthem.(宾语)NeitherboyknowsFrench.(定语)注意:①either也作副词,其意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。Hedoesn’liketea,andIdon’teither.(状语)②either与or构成连词,意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。HeiseitherJapaneseorChinese.③neither用作副词,意为“也不”,即“not…either”。Hecan’tdoit,neithercanI.④neither可与nor构成连词,意为“既不……也不”。Neitherhenoryouareastudent.(8)other和another,theothers和otherstheother表示“两者中的另一个”;“theother+复数可数名词”表示“其余(他)的……”;theothers表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other+复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:Hegottwobooks;oneistextbook,theotherisanovel.Fiveofthepencilsarered,theothers(theotherpens)areyellow.Somearesinging,othersaredancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。Thiscoatistoodark.Pleaseshowmeanother.(宾语)Pleasegivemeanotherbook.(定语)注意:another修饰复数名词时,意为“再,又”。如:Pleasegivemeanothertenminutes.one…another(asecond)…athird…theother…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…,意为“一些……一些……一些”。二、精典名题导解选择填空1.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut__________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(NMET2001)A.theyB.itC.oneD.which解析:答案为B。分析题意可知,they显然不合,which多引导从句,从此为并列句式,one表示泛指,而此处空格内容指代前面提到的thenewhouse。要仔细区别代词的所指范围,是人还是物,单数还是复数,另应注意句式。2.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou’llhavetopay_________$15.(NMET2000)A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each解析:答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another+数字+复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C,正确结构是“数词+more+复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。another放在数字前,more放在数字后。NMET1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。3.Fewpleasurescanequal___________ofacooldrinkonahotday.(NMET1999)A.someB.anyC.thatD.those解析:答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代thepleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that指代单数或不可数名词,复数用those,表示特指,以避免重复,在比较句型中较为常用,代替可数名词时可换用theone。4.Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one解析:答案为C。本句考惯用法及代词。Like是及物动词,需要宾语。此处“it”指模糊的情形或环境,无具体指代,其余项均不可。又如:Ilikeithere(我喜欢这儿)。5.That’sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafterhe’sdoneforyou.A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that解析:答案为C。本题考代词及定语从句。整句意思;在你父亲为你做了所有一切之后再说你父亲(的坏话)是件令人不愉快的事。6.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermadefromsomewoodwehad.A.itB.oneC.himselfD.another解析:答案为B。考代词。全句意为:我们需要为厨房填个橱柜,所以Peter用我们所拥有的木头做了一个。代词one替代上文的名词acupboard,非特指的指代,正合题意。it应指代上文提到的同一事物,为特指,故不可。C项离题意太远,D项指“又”,“再”的意思,亦不可。第二章代词一、基础练习

1.——Whichofthetwodictionarieswillyouborrow?

——I’llborrow_____,forthedifferentuses.

A.all

B.both

C.either

D.neither

2._____ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.

A.Each

B.Any

C.Noone

D.None

3.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_____moneyonus.

A.all;no

B.any;no

C.none;any

D.noone;any

4.Theywereallverytired,but_____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.

A.neither

B.none

C.some

D.any

5.ThereisaNo.2trolleybusandaNo.24bus;_____willtakeyouthere.

A.both

B.either

C.all

D.any

6.Aswewereasleep,_____ofusheardthesound.

A.both

B.none

C.either

D.any

7.——WhichofthefivemayIuse?

——Oh,____.

A.anyone

B.anyone

C.anything

D.nothing

8.——Arethetwoanswerscorrect?

——No,_____correct.

A.nooneis

B.botharenotC.neitheris

D.eitherisnot

9.Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadn’t

_____.

A.any

B.some

C.no

D.anything

10.YouhavethreeEnglishdictionaries,butIhaveonlytwo_____.

A.ones

B.不填

C.theone

D.theones

11.IhaveacolourTVset.Iwanttosell____.

A.one

B.theone

C.that

D.it

12.Thisfilmisnotsogoodas_____wesawlastweek.

A.that

B.it

C.theone

D.one

13._____ofusmustgothereandhelphimout.

A.Oneorother

B.Onebyone

C.Oneortheother

D.Oneoranother

14.Weallfelt_____tobethehighestpraise.

A.it

B.that

C.thatone

D.theone

15.Haven’tyouread_____Englishstorices?Pleasetellusaninterestingone.

A.any

B.all

C.either

D.some

16.——Wouldyoulike_____dumplings?

——No,thanks.

A.some

B.another

C.any

D.all

17.Ifthereis_____chance,Iwilltryanother.

A.one

B.any

C.some

D.all

18.——Are_____heretotakethecollegeentranceexam?

——Yes,we_____.

A.allyou;areall

B.youall;allare

C.allofyou;areall

D.youofall;allare

19.MrGreengavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalready

takenthem.

A.one

B.theones

C.some

D.theothers

20.——Haveyoueverseenasnakealive?

——Yes,I’veseen_____.

A.that

B.so

C.one

D.it

21.—Lily,doyouhaveanumbrella?Itisrainingoutside.—Yes,butit’s_____.

A.smallone

B.smallumbrella

C.onlyasmallone

D.thatone

22.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but_____didn’thelp

A.this

B.which

C.any

D.it

23.——Haveyougot_____redink?

——Sorry,Ihaven’tgot_____.

A.some;some

B.any;many

C.some;any

D.any;some

24.Ipreferastreetinasmalltownto_____insuchalargecityasShanghai.

A.that

B.it

C.this

D.one

25.SaradhasreadalotofstoriesbyAmericanwriters.Nowshewouldliketoread_____storiesbywritersfrom_____countries.

A.some;any

B.other;some

C.some;other

D.other;other

26.——Is_____here?——No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.

A.anybody

B.somebody

C.everybody

D.nobody

27.Ourheadmasteradvisedusthatinordertosucceedinlife,onehastobehonestwith_____friends.

D.our

A.their

B.her

C.one’s

28.Iborrowedsomebooks_____myself,butwhenIwasgoingtoreadthem,thelampwentout_____itselfandIhadtositinthedark_____myself.

A.不填;for;by

B.by;for;of

C.for;of;by

D.of;不填;by

29.WhenIfirstsawtheoldfarmer,Icouldhardlyimagine_____inventedthemachinetopickcotton.

A.himself

B.hehimself

C.heforhimselfD.hebyhimself

30.Itisimpossibleforallthepeopletogetthejob,because_____ofthemarenotfitforit.

A.allof

B.noneof

C.eachof

D.everyoneof二、提高练习

1.Let_____promisenottoquarrelaboutsuchanunimportantmatteranymore.

A.youandI

B.Iandyou

C.yoursandme

D.youandme

2.___is___familythatthevillagersalladmireit.

A.It,suchanunited

B.His,suchaunited

C.Her’s,souniteda

D.Theirs,soanunited

3.---Areyougoingtobuytheblueshoes?

---No,Ilike___redonesoverthere.

A.these

B.those

C.this

D.their

4.---Ifeelabithungry?

---Whydon’tyouhave___bread?

A.any

B.little

C.some

D.a

5.---HaveyouacolorTV?

---Yes,Ihaveagood___.

A.it

B.one

C.that

D.ones

6.---Idislike____whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorspeakillofmebehind.

---SodoI.

A.them

B.those

C.it

D.that

7.Isthisskirt___shelikesbest?

A.one

B.that

C.theone

D.which8.---Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?

---________.

A.None

B.Noone

C.Notmanyones

D.Nomany

9.I’dratherrideabikeasbikeridinghas____ofthetroubleoftakingbuses.

A.much

B.all

C.neither

D.none

10.Shewasleftalone,with___tolookafterher.

A.someone

B.anyone

C.notone

D.noone

11.___ofusknowsthereasonwhywinteriscolderthansummer.

A.Everyone

B.Everyone

C.Someone

D.All

12.Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,but___supportit.

A.manymore

B.muchmore

C.nomore

D.anymore

13.MaryandJoneshavearrived,but____studentsintheclassaren’thereyet.

A.other

B.theother

C.theothers

D.others

14.Thestreetisbeautiful,fortherearetreeson___.

A.neitherside

B.eitherside

C.bothside

D.allsides

15.---WhichofthetwoItalianfilmsdoyoulikebetter?

---____,becausetheyaremeaningless.

A.Both

B.Either

C.None

D.Neither

16.Thethievesfledthetownseparately,____carryingabag.

A.all

B.each

C.every

D.either

17.____anEnglishChinesedictionary.

A.Thestudentseachhave

B.Thestudentseachhas

C.Eachthestudenthas

D.Eachofthestudenthas

18.Hecomestoseehisaunt___threeweeks.

A.every

B.each

C.any

D.per

19.Whereshallwebein_____tenyears?

A.other

B.that

C.another

D.nothing

20.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar__hedied?

A.that

B.while

C.inwhich

D.then

21.Canadaislargerthan____countryinAsia.

A.any

B.anyother

C.other

D.another

22.Does___matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?

A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

23.___wronggoinginbythebackdoor.

A.I’m

B.It’s

C.That’s

D.We’re

24.Weplayedseveralmatchesagainstthevisitors,butunfortunatelylost____.

A.one’s

B.everyone

C.everyone

D.someone

25.Iboughtthem_____.

A.aneachicecream

B.aneveryicecream

C.eachanicecream

D.eachicecream

26.Idon’tknowwhichbookisbetter,Ishallread___.

A.all

B.both

C.more

D.none

27.NewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryhasbeenrepublishedseveraltimes,____moreuptodatethanthelastedition.

A.any

B.everyone

C.either

D.each28.Afterpaying1,000dollars____,you’llallbecomefullmembersofourclub.

A.each

B.all

C.every

D.both

29.____washercrueltythatweallhatedher.

A.It

B.What

C.That

D.Such

30.Maryhasbeenillinbedfor

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