初中语法八个时态的讲解

课堂评价1、学生上次作业评价：○好○较好○一般○差2、学生本次上课情况评价：○好○较好○一般○差作业布置教师留言家长反馈一般现在时A:一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。结构:1）be动词的第一人称单数为_____，第三人称单数为_____，其他人称为_____。顺口溜：我用am，你用are，is用于他，她，它,单数is，复数are.肯定式:主语+am/is/are+其他否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他疑问式:Am/Is/Are+主语+其他?简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+am/is/are(否)No,主语+am/is/arenot缩写形式:I'm==IamThat's==ThatisWe're==WeareWhat's==WhatisYou're==YouareWho's==WhoisThey're==TheyareWhere's==WhereisHe's==HeisShe's==SheisIt's==Itisisn't==isnotaren't==arenot2）行为动词（实义动词）除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es。“动词第三人称单数”的加法即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s.2、以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾加es.3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾改y为i+es写出下列动词的第三人称单数：studyplaygocomehelpteachlielistenbeginopensitthrowwashguesscutrunrelaxbeateat肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/doesnot缩写形式:don't==donotdoesn't==doesnot注意：have的第三人称单数为has用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等时间状语连用,eg.Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作.eg.Herecomesthetrain.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时.eg.I'llgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.一般过去时一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。结构：1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种,规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。肯定式:主语+动词的过去式+其他eg.Igotupatsixthismorning.否定式:主语+didnot+动词原形+其他eg.Johndidn'tliveherelastyear.疑问式:Did+主语+动词原形+其他eg.Didyouseehimamomentago?简略回答.(肯)Yes,主语+did(否)No,主语+didn't.用法：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.eg.Myfatherwasatworkyesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用.eg.Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastsummer.3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.eg.Whenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.4.常与表示过去的时间状语,如…ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfiveyearsold,in1995等连用.eg.Theybegantheworktwomonthsago./Wereyoubornin1981?Yes,Iwas.不规则中寻"规则"英语中很多动词的过去式是不规则的，有些同学死记硬背，却效果不佳。我们不妨共同寻找一些不规则动词中的“规则”，这样记忆起来就会事半功倍了。I．过去式与动词原形同形。例如：let—let,put—put,hit—hit,read—read[red]等。II．动词原形以ow／aw结尾，过去式常变为ew。例如：know—knew,grow—grew,throw—threw,draw—drew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：show—showed。III．许多动词只要将动词原形中的元音字母i改为a，就可变为过去式。例如：begin—began,give—gave,sing—sang,swim—swam,sit—sat,drink—drank,ring—rang等。但是win—won例外。IV．有些动词的过去式以o(a)ught结尾。例如：bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught等。[注意]上述动词过去式究竟是以ought[:t]还是aught[:t]结尾，只要记住“有a则a，无a则o”即可。即：原形中有a的，过去式变为aught，否则为ought。V．以eep结尾的动词，常将eep改为ept构成过去式。例如：keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept等。一般将来时一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构：助动词shall/will{be(is,am,are)goingto}+动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will）肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will.(否)No,主语+shall/will+not…缩写形式:'ll==shall/willshan't==shallnotwon't==willnot用法:1.表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有:later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等.eg.Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.MaybeChina'spopulation_______(pass)1,300,000,000bytheyear2005.2.表示某种必然的趋势eg.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.解析：1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用shall表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will表示请求.eg.Whereshallwehavethemeeting?/Willyoupleaselendmeyourpen?2.当主语是第一人称时,用will表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.eg.IwillgiveyouanEnglish--Chinesedictionaryforyourbirthday.3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.eg.Tomwillwritetomewhenhegetsthere.4.begoingto+动词原形也可表示将来时.(1).表示主观意愿.打算等.eg.He'sgoingtolearnEnglishnextterm.(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况eg.Lookattheblackclouds!----Itisgoingtorain.现在进行时现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。(表示“……正在（在）干……”)结构：is/am/are+动词的-ing形式(动词的现在分词)用法：1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,atthemoment等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与look,listen连用.eg.Areyouwritingalettertoyourfatheratthemoment?Listen!Sheissinginginthenextroom.2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.eg.Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come,go,leave,arrive,start,see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.eg.TheyareleavingforAustraliatomorrowafternoon.注意:某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如love,like,prefer,hate,see,know等一般不用现在进行时.eg.Lucyprefersarttoscience.练习题：（选择填空）一.般现在时.（）1.MyEnglishteacheraboutthirtyyearsold,butheyoungerthanhereallyis.A.is,lookB.is,looksC.am,look（）2.Jimveryhard,buthetillalittleweakinChinese.A.studies,isB.study,isC.doesn’tstudy,is（）3.Weallknowthatthesunroundtheearth.A.goesB.don’tgoC.doesn’tgo（）4.TheretwelvemonthsinayearandJanuaryfirst.A.is,comesB.are,comeC.are,comes（）5.Whothekitebestofall,Jim.LucyorLily?A.fliesB.flyC.areflying（）6.theGreatWalloneoftheplacesofgreatinterestsinChina?A.WasB.DoC.Is（）7.youusuallytoschoolwithclassmates?A.Do,comesB.does,comeC.Do,come（）8.shehomeatsixo’clockeverymornig?A.Do,comesB.Does.ComeC.Do,come（）9.MymotherlikewatcingTV,soshetobedveryearlyeveryevening.A．doesn’t,goB.don’tgoC.doesn’tgoes（）10.MrGreenusuallynewspapersaftersuppereveryday.A.readB.readingC.reads二.一般过去式.（）1.Thetwointhesameclasslastyear.A.areB.wasC.were（）2.---Whereyoufindyourticket?----Iitontheground.A.did,foundB.do,foundC.were,find（）3.ThestudentsinLiLei’sclassonafarmlastweek.A.workB.worksC.worked（）4.thatworkerinashoefactoryayearago?A.Do,workB.Did,workedC.Did,work（）5.---Didyoufindyourpen?---Yes,Iittwohoursago.A.foundB.findC.finded（）6.yourmothertoworklastSaturday?A.Did,goB.Do,goC.Does,go（）7.Theynotlatethedaybeforeyesterday.A.didB.wereC.are（）8.theyawayfromschoollastOctober?A.DidB.WereC.Do（）9.youtoschoollastSunday?A.Did,comeB.Do,comeC.Were,come（）10.Whattheyforbreakfastlastweek?A.were,haveB.did,haveC.will,have（）11.Myfriendhishomeworkfifteenminutesago.A.finishB.finishesC.finished（）12.Theboysonlysubjectslastterm,butthistermtheyfive.A.have,haveB.had,hadC.had,have（）13.WhyAnnTVlastnight?A.didn’t,watchB.don’twatchC.doesn’twatch（）14.Theystoppedherebecausetheythewaytothestation.A.didn’tknowB.don’tknowC.willknow三.现在进行时（）1.Can’tyouseeUncleWangandhisfriendssomemachines?A.ismakigB.aremakingC.make（）2.MyfatherTVwithmymothernow.A.watchB.watchingC.iswatching（）3.I’ssixo’clockintheevening,Myfamilysupperatthetable.A.eatsB.iseatingC.areeating（）4.LucyandLilytospeakChinesewithMissGao.A.Is,tryB.IstryingC.Are,trying（）5.Thedogitselfoutsidethedoor.A.iswashingB.washC.washes（）6.ThestudentsinClassOnecarefullytotheirEnglishteacher.A.islisteningB.islookingC.arelistening（）7.Listen!Thechildrenintheopenair.A.singingB.issingingC.aresinging（）8.What’sthematter,LiLei?Iformypen.A.amlookB.amlookingC.look（）9.Let’sgointotheclassroom.Thebell.A.ringingB.isringingC.isring（）10.Themanisbadlyhurtandheontheroadsadly.A.islyingB.arelyingC.lieing四.一般将来时.（）1.Thestudentsbackintwohours.A.comeB.iscomingC.came（）2.WhatyouwithyourclassmatesthisSundayafternoon?A.are,doB.do,doC.willdo（）3.ThereanEnglishpartyinourclassthisevening.A.willhaveB.aregoingtohave.C.isgoingtobe（）4.WeiHuavisittheGreatWallduringthissummerholiday?A.Do,goingtoB.Is,goingtoC.Will,goingto（）5.WhentheyleaveforBeijing?A.will,going.B.will,/C.do,goingto（）6.---Whereareyougoing?---Itheshopsforsomefruit.A.amgoingtoB.gotoC.shallgoingtogoto（）7.Whichorangestheytobuy?A.are,goingB.will,goingC.do,going（）8.Mymothersaysthatshebuymeaschoolbagbetterthanthisone.A.isB.shallC.will（）9.MrGreenisafraidthatJimbehindtheotherstudentsafterhecomesback.A.willfallB.willfellC.isgoingtofell（）10.Thestudentsinmyclassharderthanbeforethisterm.A.isgoingtostudyB.willgoingtostudyC.willstudy现在完成时现在完成时的结构：主语+“have(has)+过去分词”（1）现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作（常与yet，already，just连用），或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since连用）。例如：1）Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.2）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.注意：与for,since连用的动词必须用延续性动词，而不能用短暂性动词如：come—beherego——betherejoin——beamemberborrow——keepleave——beaway等等（2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since,for,during,over等引导出的短语；副词already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等；状语词组thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent等。例如：1）Ihaven’tbeenthereforfiveyears.2）Sofar,shehasn’tenjoyedthesummervacation.3）Therehavebeenalotofchangessince1978.◆

一般过去时和现在完成时的比较与转换一般过去时:与之搭配的时间副词常用的有:Yesterday,lastweek,lastyear,at5:30,lastweekend,lastmonth.有时用onweekend,thismorning现在完成时:常用的时间副词有:ever,never,yet,still,already，inthepasttenyears;inmylife;todayExamples:Lindastillhasn’tfinishedherhomework.StanleyhasalreadygottenboredwiththelifehereinToronto.HaveyouevergonetoParis?Ihavegonetothepostofficetwicetoday.过去完成时:（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。{表示“过去的过去”}例如：1）WehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenTomcamein.2）Bytheendoflastyeartheyhadturnedout5,000bicycles.（3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1）by(theendof)+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：Theexperimenthadbeenfinishedby4o’clockyesterdayafternoon.八种时态的比较一般现在时和现在进行时a.一般现在时：重复发生的习惯性动作和真理。标志性的时间副词：alwaysoftenfrequentlyusuallysometimeseverydayeveryweekeverymonthoccasionallyonceamonthonceamonthonceayearseldomrarelyneverExamples：Shegoesshoppingeveryweek.HereadsBusinessNewseverymorning.Heseldomgoesdancing.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Susanloveschocolate.b.表示一种状态或性质Examples:Thistastesverygood.Idon’tbelievemyeyes.Ineedacar.Ihatethismusic.c.在讲述一个过去发生的故事时，有时可用一般现在时表示过去发生的一系列事情。-Thisuseiscalledthe“historicalpresent”.如在看图说话一类题时经常用到这一点。Examples:一个美国人描述他到中国旅游的经历MyfriendandIarriveatthecapitalairportinBeijingonthemorningofMay25th,1993.Robertcomestomeetwithusinataxi,andwedrivetowhatistobeourapartmentfornearlythree.week.Thedriveiscultureshocknumberone.Weseepeopleeverywhere.Also,BeijingseemstobemoremodernthanitshasbeenwritteninallthebooksonChinaIhaveread.MyfriendandIareextremelyastonishedbythenumberofbicyclesontheroad,trulythekingdomofbicycles.现在进行时：a.正在进行的动作常用的时间状语：（right）nowatthe（this）momentatpresentExamples：Robertisteachingatthismoment。Mendelisworkingonthefirstdraftofhisessay。I’mlookingformyumbrellarightnow.He’senjoyingaholidayrightnow.b.表达在现在一段时间内重复发生的动作，但是动作在说话时不一定正在进行。常用的时间副词：thesedaysNowadaystodaythissemester/quarterthisweek/month/yearExamples:He’srelaxingthisweek.He’sworkingasalibrarianthissemester.c.对一类经常发生的事情所表达的强烈情感常用的时间副词：AlwaysForeverconstantlyExamples:He’salwayscomplaining.（他怎么总是抱怨。）You’realwaysdancing.（你怎么总是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。）一般现在时和现在完成时一般现在时：表达的动作不表明动作从何时开始或已进行了多长时间。Examples:HelenandTomarehappilymarried.Brucelistenstothenewseverymorning.现在完成时:a.现在完成时所表达的动作正在进行,但句子总是表明动作是什么时候开始的。Examples:HelenandTomhavebeenhappilymarriedsincetheirweddingday60yearsago.Brucehaslistenedtothenewsallhislifewithoutmissingaday.b.与现在完成时常用的两个词:ForandSinceFor:表示动作持续的一段时间。如:fortwominutes/weeks/years；forseveraldays/alongtime/thepastmonth而在一般现在时不能与之连用。Since:表示动作从何时开始时间点.如:since6:00/Apr.23/lastweek/theaccident现在进行时和现在完成时现在进行时：表示一个正在进行的动作,但不表明动作从什么时候开始的。Examples:Heiswaitingoverthere.MatthewisstudyingChineseinBeijing.现在完成时：可表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。Examples:Hehastriedtopasstheexamtwice.一般过去时和过去进行时a.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。Examples:Mybrotherwassleepingat2:00yesterdayafternoon.Myneighbor’sdogwasbarkingat3:00thismorning.b.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。与之常用的时间副词:while,asExamples;RobertwasmovingthelawnwhileSusanwasfixingthecar.AsMichaelwasvisitingParis,RobertwasteachingEnglishclassesinBeijing.一般过去时和过去将来时二者的区别在于过去将来时表示在过去打算做,但是没有做的动作.而一般过去时表示为什么没有做的原因。Examples:IwasgoingtobecomearockstarbutIdidn’tknowtherightpeopleinthemusicbusiness.一般过去时和过去完成时二者的区别在于过去完成时表示在过去的过去所发生的动作。Examples:Marywashungrybecauseshehadn’teatenbreakfast.Charlielosthiswaytothehotelalthoughhehadbeenthereafewdaysearlier.IrealizedthatIhadn’teatenasingleFrenchFrysinceIstartedmydiet.一般现在时和一般将来时一般现在时在时间和条件从句当中表示将来时的动作。Examples:AssoonasIsaveenoughmoneyI’llbuyabighouse.WhenhegetsbackhomehewillphoneafriendinNewYork.Ifitrainstomorrowwewillcancelthecampingtrip.过去进行时{be(was,were)+现在分词}动词的时态和语态试题与解析（）1.Hesteppedintotheoffice,_____downandbegantofillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit（）2.Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe_____fromhersofar.A.haven’theardB.didn’thearC.hadn’theardD.won’thear（）3.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm____fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.was（）4.I’llgowithyouassoonasI____myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished（）5.Ifit_____tomorrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained（）6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_____up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grew（）7.下列四句是“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”的英译文，哪一种不对？A.Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.（）8.——Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.——Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.had’tthought;weregoing（）9.WhenIwasatcollegeI_____threeforeignlanguages,butI_____allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten（）10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_____andalotofthings____.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen（）11.Thevolleyballmacthwillbeputoffifit____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining（）12.Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes（）13.Thestudents_____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_____intheoffice.A.hadwriten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft（）14.——Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?——Noyet,therooms_____,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting（）15.——Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.——Whatdoyousuppose____toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened（）16.——Doyouknowourtownatall?——No,thisisthefirsttimeI_____here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming（）17.——Wecouldhavewalkedotthestation.Itwassonear.——Yes,Ataxi_____atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe（）18.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto（）19.Tom_____intothehousewhennoone_____.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked（）20.ThelasttimeI_____Janeshe____cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking（）21.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldsleaveC.leftD.hadleft（）22.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served（）23.ThepenI____I____isonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost（）24.——Howlong____eachotherbeforethey____married?——Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got（）25.Mydictionary_____.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill____it.A.haslost;don’tfindB.ismissing;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound（）26.——CanIjointheclub,Dad?——Youcanwhenyou____abitolder.A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot（）27.——I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.——Oh,notatall.I____hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe（）28.——Doyoulikethematerial（材料）?——Yes,it_____verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt（）29.Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.iscompleted（）30.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.A.hascompletedB.completesC.