新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题01-冠词（原卷版）

考点01冠词（原卷版）【命题趋势】 冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。【重要考向】一、不定冠词a,an用法；二、定冠词the的用法；三、含有冠词的词组辨析。考向一不定冠词【典例】【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis______musttovisit!【不定冠词提分秘籍】不定冠词有两个，a和an。a用在辅音开头（不是辅音字母，是音标）的单词前面；an用于以元音开头（不是元音字母，是音标）的单词前。如：abook,anapple；auniversity，anhour. 1．指人或事物的某一类，这是不定冠词的基本用法Acarransfasterthanatruck.小汽车比卡车跑得快。2．表示数量“一个”，但一般不能与one互换Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建起来的。3．指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物AMr.Liiswaitingforyououtside.一位李先生在外面等你。(不知道那位李先生是谁)4．用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一”①Hegoeshometoseehisparentsonceamonth.他每月回家一次去看父母。②Hecanearnfiveyuananhourintheshop.他在这家商店每小时挣五元钱。5．表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时，用不定冠词①Ionlywantasmallsupperbecauseofcold.由于感冒晚饭我只想吃一点东西。②Peopleusuallyhavequiteagooddinneronfestivals.人们在过节时通常会吃一顿丰盛的大餐。6．有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再次”“又一个”①Sheinvitedhimtocometothepartyasecondtime.她再次邀请他来参加聚会。②Thenathirdboycametojoinus.接着又一个孩子加入到我们的行列。7．有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时，可用不定冠词apaper一份报纸；atea一杯茶；abeauty一个美人；asurprise一件意想不到的事；apity一件遗憾的事；anhonour一个(件)光荣的人(事)8．不定冠词还可以用于“amost＋adj.＋n.”结构，注意在句中没有表示可比较的范围状语，这时“most”相当于“very”XiamenisamostbeautifulcoastalcityandI’llcomeforasecondtime.厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市，我还要再来一次。9．不定冠词还可以用于“a＋比较级＋名词”结构，与否定词连用时，表示“从来没有比这更……”，具有最高级含义Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.我从未度过这样烦人的一天。10．用于短语搭配中(1)“have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。have/takearest休息一会儿；have/takealook看一下；have/takeabath洗个澡。(2)“gooutfora(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。gooutforanouting去郊游；gooutforapicnic去野餐。(3)习惯搭配中。cometoanend结束；dropsb.aline给某人写信；atadisadvantage处于不利地位；inaway从一方面说；inaword总之；inasense就某种意义来说；onadiet吃特定食物；withaviewto为了，鉴于。考向二定冠词【典例】【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】______Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.【定冠词提分秘籍】1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法①Thebooksonthedeskwerepublishedlastmonth.桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。②ThefactoryImentionedhasinstalledanewassemblyline.我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。③Wewerealllostinthebeautyofnature.我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。2．再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指①Imetafriendinthestreet；hesaidhehadbeenseriouslyill.我在街上遇见了一位朋友，他说他生过一场大病。②Hetoldusastory，butIwasnotinterestedinthestory.他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。3．指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物Wewenttothestationtoseethemanageroff.我们到车站为经理送行。4．用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别①ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.电话是贝尔发明的。②Theelephantismuchstrongerthanthehorse.象比马强壮得多。5．用在表示某国人的名词前theChinese中国人；theFrench法国人；theEnglish英国人；theSpanish西班牙人；theDutch荷兰人；theIrish爱尔兰人；theSwiss瑞士人；theJapanese日本人。6．某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)thehomeless无家可归的人；therich富人；thepoor穷人；theblind盲人；theold老年人；theyoung年轻人；thestrong强者；theweak弱者；thesick病人；thewounded伤者。7．在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再次”“又一”)Shelivesonthetwelfthfloor.她住在十二楼。8．在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定冠词the①ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。②Hemustbetheonlystudentwhohaseverbeentothecityinourclass.他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。③That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。9．在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词thetheearth地球；themoon月亮；thesun太阳；thesky天空；theuniverse宇宙；theworld世界；theair空中；theground地面。10．用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位①Theboatishiredbythehour.小船按小时出租。②Therearetwoorthreeapplestothepound.每磅有两三个苹果。11．在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词theintheeast/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；ontheright/left在右/左边。12．在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词thetheYellowRiver黄河；theRhine莱茵河；thePacific太平洋；theRedSea红海；theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉；theBritishIsles不列颠群岛；theTaiwanStrait台湾海峡；theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠。13．用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。14．乐器名称前用定冠词theSheplaysthepianobestinherclass.她钢琴在班上弹得最好。15．在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”theBrowns布朗一家；theLis姓李的一家。16．在“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中hitsb.intheface打某人的脸；takesb.bythearm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩；hitsb.onthehead打某人的头。本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。17．在短语搭配中intheend最后；cometothepoint谈到正题；onthecontrary相反；inthemorning在早晨；inthedistance在远处；inthewater在水中；onthesubjectof关于……的主题；ontheair在广播。考向三含有冠词的词组分析【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】Ittookusabout3hourstogoall______wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.【冠词词组分析提分秘籍】英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。1.infrontof在……（外）的前面；inthefrontof在……（内）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一个花园。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一块黑板。（内）2.inchargeof掌管、负责；inthechargeof在……负责之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。3.attable在进餐、吃饭时；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃饭时他很少说话。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。4.byday白天、日间；bytheday按日计Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在办公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。5.takeplace发生、举行；taketheplace(of)代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?这次谈话什么时候进行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。6.inwords用语言；inaword总之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.请用言语表达你的想法。Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.总之，我不相信你。7.attimes有时、不时；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有时我确实感到有些紧张。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次递给我两块砖。8.little少、不多的；alittle一些、一点儿Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快点，时间不多了。Don’thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你还有时间。9.few很少、几乎没有的；afew有些、几个Heisamanoffewwords.他是一个少言寡语的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有几个孩子会阅读。10.amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容词的最高级）Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。11.adoctorandnurse一位医生兼护士；adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护士adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。12.anumberof许多、好些；thenumberof……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.许多学生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40个学生。1.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Dueto______growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:2.【2020全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Theplumtreesare______firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.3.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Then,with______riseofscience,changesbegan.4.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】AchildbornintheUStodayhas______veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.5.【2019全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】Of______nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.6.【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas______joke.7.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】Everybodywears______samestyleofclothes.8.【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover______past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.9.【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat______topofherlungs.10.【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】As______result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.11.【2017全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover______top.12.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】______13.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】Likemanythingsinlife,it's______ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement,whichmeansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.14.【2017浙江卷语法填空】ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas______wonder.1.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Itwentontosaythatalmosthalfofallmuseumsreported______annualincreaseinvisitornumbers.2.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefor______award.3.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】So,everyonewasafraidofit.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofind______causeofthedisease.4.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】Wheneverthereisasandstorm,itforms______upwardairflowbetweenthesurroundingsandmountains.5.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】WithXionganaimingtobecomea"smart,greenandresidents-friendly"citythatfacesthefuture,theXionganRailwayStation,thelandmarkofthearea,resemblesamodelforsuch______future.6.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Nowas______Chineseinternational,Wuisworkinghardtoshowthat“thereareplayersinChinathatcanshineinthebestleaguesintheworld”,hetoldGlobalTimes.7.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】Itisalsoimportanttonotethatthegreatestamazement(amaze)ofthejourneyisChang'e5'slunarlandingsite-referredtoastheOceanofStorms-onthenearsideofthemoon,wherenoprobes(探测器)havepaid______visitbefore.8.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】China’swritingsystemforms______strongbridgelinkingtheChinesepeopleandcultureofthepresentwiththoseofthepast.9.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Thoseamazinglightshowsin______skyofthearcticregionsoccurfrequentlybetweenSeptemberandOctoberandthenoccuragainbetweenMarchandApril.10.【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】Shanghaicultureisamazing,andthecityisfilledwithsmartpeople,dynamicinteractions,awillingnesstomoveandanappetiteforbeingmodernwhileembracingdiversityandcreating______businessfriendlyenvironment.11.【湖北省2021届高三联考】Therecoveryteamwoulddo______initialprocessingofthecapsuleandthenuseaplanetotransportittoBeijing,whereitwouldbeopenedfortechnicianstoremovethecontainerholdinglunarsamples,thenadministrationsaid.12.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Itwas______$12,000tip.13.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Theyseemtobetrickedby______suddendarkness.14.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】Thedifferencesbetweentheupper,middleandlowerreachesoftherivershouldbefullyconsidered,becausetheYellowRiverecosystemis______organicwhole.15.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】Gan’scompanyhasbeen______greatsuccessandGanhasreceivedlotsofawardsforherachievement16.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Manyofusareturningtoactivitieslikeskippingwith______oldrope,orwatchingoneofthemany‘timesexperts’whoproduceexercisevideosonline.17.【广州2021届高三一模】TeaspreadintonorthernChinaduringtheTangDynasty;bytheSongDynastyithadacquiredaloose-leafproductionaswellastheceremoniesthatmadeitsconsumption______artform.18.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】BritishswimmerAdamPeatysaid,“Asanathlete,Iamcertainlysad,butthisis______matteroflifeordeathandweallneedtodotherightthing.”19.【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】InSeptember2013,afterfailingintheseniorhighschoolentranceexamination,LiangenteredChongqingMechanicalTechnicianCollegetostudymotorandelectricalassemblyandmaintenance(维护).Hesaidhevalued______chancemorethanever.20.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】Theyfoundthatthebenefitsofjoggingaremaximizedwhendoneat______averageorevenslowpace,andjustoneortwohoursofjoggingaweekcanbeenoughforyoutogainsuccess,regardlessofyourageorhealthcondition.21.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】Oxenseldombullytheweakorfear______strong.22.【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】Ifyoutakeitas______wayoflife,onlyexpectingtofindwaystofeelalittlebetter,onedayyou’llnoticeyouhavechangedyourthinking.23.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Heevenleftoutfoodandwateratthebaseofthetreeincasetheyfell______secondtime.24.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】Earlierthisyear,theQiluTransportationDevelopmentGroup,alsohandlingtheJinanExpresswaysolarroad,builta160-meter-longsolarroadin______cityofJinan.25.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】EverymovementinTaiChirepresents______importantpartofoldChinesephilosophy—harmony.26.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】GrandparentsDaybecame______officialholidayin1978.27.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】Thepersononthemachinecanstartorstopitthrough______simplecontroller.28.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】Childrenwereresponsiblefor______vastmajorityofcases—95%ofobjectsfromnosesand85%ears.29.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】Ofcourse,swimmingisalso______greatwaytocooldownonahotday!30.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】However，connectingwithotherhumansis______bigpartofLaughterYoga’ssuccessinhelpingpeoplefeelbetterandexperiencemorejoy.31.【江苏