新高考英语一轮复习练习考向56 优化记叙文(夹叙夹议)完形填空解答5策略(原卷版)

考向56完形填空优化记叙文(夹叙夹议)完形填空解答5策略【考情分析】新高考考情新高考新考法学霸好声音①记叙文首句完整、线索清楚、叙述灵活、侧重语境②夹叙夹议文以叙为主，兼顾议论，常采用边叙边议或先叙后议的手法2020新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空为记叙文，主题语境内容为环境保护，230词左右①做记叙文类完形填空时，应在理解上下文的基础上，通过分析语境和准确理解选项词语含义来选择正确答案②做夹叙夹议文类完形填空，关键在于抓住作者想要表达的思想或抒发的情感【策略分析】策略1利用首句明大意解题依据完形填空首句不设题。记叙文首句往往介绍事情发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文通过首句点明文章主旨。【策略图解】【策略示例】1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,________canalsodriveyoumad.A.shopkeepers B.customersC.salespersons D.receptionists答案与解析B根据首句中的“Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers”可知，作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让作者抓狂。故选B。customer“顾客”；shopkeeper“店主”；salesperson“售货员”；receptionist“接待员”。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They__①__withthemlotsofwaste.The__②__mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe(face)ofKilimanjaro.①A.keep B.mixC.connect D.bring②A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案与解析①D根据段落首句及设空处后的“withthemlotsofwaste”和常识可知，此处指登山者带来了大量的垃圾。bring“带来”，符合语境。keep“保持”；mix“混合”；connect“连接；联系”。②C瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“Everyyearabouteq\a\vs4\al(40，000)peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山；再根据设空后的“damagethebeautyoftheplace”可知，这里指的是登山人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。crowd“人群”，符合语境。story“故事”；building“建筑”；reporter“记者”。策略2瞻前顾后巧求索解题依据在做完形填空时，应仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意前后文的呼应。【策略图解】【策略示例】3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Irememberthefirstreally__①__customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas__②__absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrather__③__thatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she__④__forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflat__⑤__，andsinceshe'dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(应对),she'dtakenitouton__⑥__people.①A.generous B.politeC.careless D.difficult②A.curiousabout B.displeasedwithC.patientwith D.uncertainabout③A.relaxed B.delightedC.surprised D.embarrassed④A.searched B.arguedC.prayed D.apologized⑤A.bychance B.byherselfC.onpurpose D.onduty⑥A.rude B.suchC.other D.lonely答案与解析①D需顾后。根据下文“nothingwasright”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意，很难缠。故选D。difficult“难缠的”；generous“慷慨的”；polite“礼貌的”；careless“粗心的”。②B需顾后。根据下文“nothingwasright”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。displeasedwith“对……不满意”；curiousabout“好奇”；patientwith“对……有耐心”；uncertainabout“对……不能肯定”。③C需瞻前顾后。结合上下文可知，这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。surprised“惊讶的”；relaxed“放松的”；delighted“高兴的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”。④D需瞻前。上文提到顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，因此此处指的是她为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologizefor“为……道歉”。故选D。apologize“道歉”；search“搜索”；argue“争论”；pray“祈祷”。⑤B需瞻前。结合上文“Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflat”可知，女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。byherself“她独自地”；bychance“偶然”；onpurpose“故意地”；onduty“值班”。⑥C需瞻前。根据上文“sinceshe'dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(应对),she'dtakenitouton”可知，她难以应付这样的压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。otherpeople“其他人”。故选C。other“其他的”；rude“粗鲁的”；such“这样的”；lonely“寂寞的”。策略3词汇复现定答案解题依据完形填空中许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词及其派生词的形式出现，只要留意观察就能发现。【策略图解】【策略示例】4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)WhenNicoloretiredandwenttoliveinSicily,he(brought)thepaintingswithhim.Hehungthemabovethesametablehehad(moved)fromTurin.Hisson,age15,whohad(taken)anartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomething(unusual)abouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.Itwassigned(签名)“Bonnato”orsohethought,butwhenhe(researched)it,heonlyfound“Bonnard”，aFrench__①__hehadneverheardof.Heboughtabookandwas(surprised)tofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame__②__ashisfather'spainting.“That'sthegardeninourpicture，”Nicolo'ssontoldhisfather.①A.painter B.designerC.author D.actor②A.room B.kitchenC.hall D.garden答案与解析①A上下义词复现。根据下文的“apictureoftheartistPierreBonnard”可知，此处用“画家”符合语境，故选A项。painter“画家”，属于artist“艺术家”这一范畴。designer“设计师”；author“作家”；actor“演员”。②D原词复现解题。根据上文的“withayounggirlsittingonagardenchair”和下文的“That'sthegardeninourpicture”可知，此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。策略4连词平行解疑难解题依据根据连词and,but,so,yet,or等或although,though,because,since,while等从属连词或neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...butalso...等平行结构，可以推断出正确答案，提高得分率。【策略图解】【策略示例】5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)They'llcomerushingin,(saying)theirhandbag'sbeenstolen.They'll(swear)thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createhavoc(混乱)eq\a\vs4\al(andthen)__①__ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.They'llhaveouthalfthe(goods)intheshop,andwanttheonlystyleyoudon'thaveleftina(particular)colour.Idoknowhoweq\a\vs4\al(upset)theshopstaffcanget,eq\a\vs4\al(but)Itrytopersuadethemtokeep__②__.①A.forget B.decideC.discover D.assume②A.fighting B.smilingC.waiting D.changing答案与解析①C利用并列关系解题。根据空前的andthen可知，此处是与上文的saying和swear是顺承的动作，又结合下文的“ithadbeenintheircarallthetime”可知，顾客一开始说包被偷了，发誓说是忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。discover“发现”；forget“忘记”；decide“决定”；assume“假设”。②B利用转折关系解题。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无理的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“but”一词表示转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。6．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo，”whoserealnamecannotbe________tothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws,(finished)workingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.A.attached B.allocatedC.exposed D.submitted答案与解析C因果关系解题。根据下文的“becauseofItaly'sprivacylaws”可知，此处指的是，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。beexposedto“暴露”，符合语境，故选C项。expose“暴露”；beattachedto“附属于；依恋”；allocate“分配”；submit“上交”。策略5褒贬语境判曲直解题依据每篇完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图。利用文章内容的褒贬性可以在准确理解文意的基础上推断出答案的。【策略图解】【策略示例】7．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Don'ttakeit__①__.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink“Maybeshe'shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild'snot__②__.”Alwayseq\a\vs4\al(wateritdown)anddon'tletyourego(自我)get(in_the_way).Ifyoudo,youwon'tbeableto(handle)itandthewholethingdevelopsintoaneq\a\vs4\al(unpleasantscene)andthat__③__everyone'sday.①A.kindly B.secretlyC.personally D.casually②A.ready B.awayC.up D.well③A.ruins B.makesC.starts D.saves答案与解析①C根据下文的叙述可知，顾客不礼貌或挑剔是有原因的，并非针对你或冲着你来的，作者指出要淡化这种情绪，不要为这些事感到不快。短语takesth.personally“视某事针对自己而不悦”。故选C。personally在本题中为熟词生义用法，意为“无礼地；冒犯地”；kindly“亲切地”；secretly“秘密地”；casually“随便地”。②D根据上文内容可知，此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情，如和丈夫吵架或孩子生病的情况，故选D。well作形容词用时，意为“身体健康或状态良好”；ready“迅速地”；away“离开”；up“向上”。③A结合上文的叙述可知，一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了大家的一天。故选A。ruin“毁坏；糟蹋”；make“制作”；start“开始”；save“拯救”。【检测训练】1Ranjithawasagoodbutpoorstudent.Becauseshewas1,shecouldn'tbuybooksto2to.Theuniversitylibraryhadagood3ofreferencebooksbuttheywerenotofferedtothestudents.Thebooksinthereferencesectionwereonly4totheteachers.Occasionallyshewonderedwhythe5didn'thandoutthebookstothestudents.She6herselfthatwhenshebecameateacher,shewouldprovidethestudentswithallsheasastudenthad7,likereferencebooks.Andthedaycameinnotime.Soonaftergettinghermaster'sdegree,Ranjithaentereda(n)8asalecturer.Quicklyshewontheheartsofmoststudentsasshewould9thestudentsafterclass.Thereweretoomanystudentsanditwas10forhertorememberallofthem.Oneday,twostudentscametoRanjtha11hertoborrowthreereferencebooks.Sheagreedand12lentthemthebooks.The13termwouldpasssoonandshealmostforgotaboutthebooks.Attheendoftheterm,thedirectoroftheuniversitycalledher,“Madam,wehaveinstructionsthatallthebooksshouldbereturnedtothe14.”Ranjithatriedhardto15thestudentswhohadborrowedthebooksbuther16didn'thelp.Soshe17togototheclassroomandask.However,toherdisappointment,noneofthestudents18.Atlast,Ranjithaborrowedmoneyandpaidittothelibrary.Nowsheunderstandshelpingsomeonebeyondacertain19willharmherselfandthatteachingstudentslifeprinciplesismore20,whichisalessonshelearnedbypaying$800asafee.Sheisstilldoingwhatshecandotohelpthestudents.1.A.badlyoff B.well-behaved C.tiredout D.ill-mannered2.A.contribute B.add C.refer D.admit3.A.measure B.knowledge C.occupation D.collection4.A.supplied B.packed C.rewarded D.written5.A.directors B.teachers C.leaders D.booksellers6.A.blamed B.asked C.promised D.terrified7.A.lacked B.observed C.mixed D.owned8.A.organization B.team C.university D.apartment9.A.comfort B.help C.protect D.represent10.A.important B.beneficial C.convincing D.difficult11.A.assisting B.requesting C.allowing D.teaching12.A.happily B.generally C.unfortunately D.impossibly13.A.meaningless B.boundless C.entire D.boring14.A.student B.author C.bookstore D.library15.A.consult B.remember C.push D.cheer16.A.argument B.discovery C.curiosity D.memory17.A.had B.refused C.offered D.learned18.A.regretted B.responded C.forgot D.screamed19.A.doubt B.speed C.distance D.limit20.A.confusing B.frightening C.worthwhile D.traditional2Itwasanextraordinarilybusytimeofyear.Ifeltsome21toheadstraighthomeafteralongmeeting.SoIheadedtotheparknearbyforsometherapeutic(治疗性的)hiking.AsIreachedthetopandadmiredtheview,myunclearmind22.Re-energized,IknewthatIcoulddealwiththeworkthatwaitedformeuponmy23.WhenIarrivedbackintheofficethenextday,Iwasfullofenergy,andfinishedmywork24.Itwasalmost20yearsagothatIlearnedhow25itisformetocarveouttimetoescapetothewild.IhadfinishedmyPh.D.,studyingsoilandwaterconservationinHonduras,butIwasn’tsurewhat26Iwantedtohave.So,IdecidedtoactonadreamIhadbeennursingforafewyears,27mymomshowedmeamagazinearticleaboutamanwhohad28aroundAmerica.IfiguredthatIcould29cyclingwithresearchforabookonAmericanagriculturewhileIworkedoutmynextcareerstep.SoIdidit.Duringthecycling30,IfoundtheclearnessIneededto31mynextcareermove.TalkingwithfarmersImetalongtheway,Ilearnedthattheirbiggestchallengewassellingtheirproduce.Idecidedtobroadenmy32fromlandmanagementtoimprovingfarmers’accesstomarkets.My33interestledtoworkingforanongovernmentalorganizationandIdideventuallyborrowabookonAmericanagriculture.The34istofindyoursourceofinspirationandmakegooduseofit.Forme,Ialwaysgetnourishment(营养)frombeing35intheoutdoors.21.A.pressure B.danger C.shame D.embarrassment22.A.calmed B.wandered C.developed D.appeared23.A.reply B.return C.relaxation D.recovery24.A.successfully B.casually C.anxiously D.constantly25.A.strange B.important C.difficult D.interesting26.A.tour B.book C.career D.major27.A.unless B.if C.though D.since28.A.run B.cycled C.driven D.flown29.A.combine B.compare C.replace D.practice30.A.competition B.history C.performance D.trip31.A.insiston B.putdown C.figureout D.learnfrom32.A.experience B.focus C.discussion D.search33.A.deep B.particular C.personal D.new34.A.reason B.problem C.result D.key35.A.active B.alone C.confident D.brave3Itwasahot,dampsummerday.AfterI36mytankinthelocalgasstation,Istartedtowalkinsidetopay.JustthenInoticedtwoelderly37standingbackfromtheircar.Therewasamixtureofshockand38ontheirfaces.Ifollowedtheir39andsawwhattheysaw:fiveyellowjacketswerebuildinga40aroundtheirgascap.Myeyes41.Isharedtheladies'fear.Yellowjacketshadneverbeen42tome.WhenIwasayoungboy,afriendofmineandIwere43andplayinginmybackyard.Imusthave44ononeoftheirhiddennestswhilerunning.45,bothofuswerebeingchasedandstungoverandoverbytheyellowjackets.Weranaway46withgreatfear.Mymom47ranacoldbathandputusbothinittoeasethepainanditching(瘙痒)48givingusmedicinetofightallthepoisoninourlittlebodiesfromthestings.IknewIcouldn'tletfearstopmenow.I49mybackpocketforapapertowelIhadthere,toreoutthenestandsteppedonitwhilethe50wasps(黄蜂)buzzedaroundme.51oftheladiesthankedmeexcitedly.Ismiled,andnervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith52.Inthislife,youcan'tletthefearofbeingstungeitherphysicallyor53keepyoufromdoingwhatisright.Weneedtogo54ourselvesandloveeachother.Don'tlettheyellowjacketsinyourlife55youback.36.A.filled B.moved C.charged D.emptied37.A.men B.women C.drivers D.jackets38.A.anger B.pain C.sadness D.fear39.A.nose B.ears C.eyes D.mouth40.A.room B.nest C.house D.hall41.A.widened B.closed C.opened D.lowed42.A.lovely B.likely C.friendly D.carefully43.A.jumping B.climbing C.walking D.running44.A.removed B.stepped C.paced D.searched45.A.Asaresult B.Afterall C.Aboveall D.Atthesametime46.A.discussing B.exploring C.screaming D.laughing47.A.nervously B.suddenly C.casually D.immediately48.A.after B.while C.before D.until49.A.reachedinto B.arrivedin C.gotto D.pulledout50.A.happy B.angry C.sad D.worried51.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.None52.A.pain B.surprise C.doubt D.joy53.A.heartedly B.intelligently C.emotionally D.punctually54.A.through B.back C.ahead D.beyond55.A.hold B.set C.hang D.give4Anactofkindnessdoesn’thavetobeagrandgesture.Eventhosesmallactsofkindnesscanmakeadifferenceinsomeone’day.ThatwasjustthecaseforAmieMickeywhenshe56abumpersticker(车尾贴)onhercarreading:YouMatter.Amiestartedtodothisseveralyearsago.Atfirst,shewonderedifpeoplewould57it.However,muchtohersurprise,shebeganseeingafloodof58everytimeshehittheroad.Moreoftenthannot,people59slowlynearhercarwouldrolldowntheirwindows,raisingtheir60,wavingandsmiling.Sometimes,sheevenfoundsomestickynotesleftonherwindshieldsayingthingslike“You61too!”Oncewhileshewasdrivingdownthehighway,shebecame62whenamandrivingasportscaratahighspeedpulledhiscaralongsidesuddenly,wavingandmouthing,“Youmatter!”Thoughittookhersometimetorecoverfromthe63,shestillfelthappy.Lastyear,someone64hercarwhileshewaswaitingforherfriendinthecarbytheroadside,sayingtoher,“Itisa(an)65sticker.I’veseenvariousstickersbefore,butnoneofthemhavetouchedmeasyourstickerhasdone.”Thetwosmallwordsonthestickerseemsimpleenough,buttheyreallystruckachordwithmanycompletestrangerswho66tocatchsightofthesticker.StorieslikeAmie’sreally67therestofus.Sometimesakindwordorgesturemayliftour68anditdoesn’tcostathingexceptforalittleextrathought.Maybeitmeansofferingafriendahug,praisingthechildrenwhentheirchildren69wellinschool,helpingsomeoneoutorvolunteeringatnursinghomes.Actsofkindnessarewaitingeverywhere.Smallastheyseem,theycanmakea70impactontheworld,andhelpformgeneralgoodness.56.A.putup B.pickedup C.fixedup D.toreup57.A.watch B.overlook C.notice D.ignore58.A.strangers B.passers-by C.attention D.confusion59.A.running B.driving C.walking D.riding60.A.voices B.thumbs C.shoulders D.hats61.A.count B.share C.matter D.value62.A.frightened B.discouraged C.embarrassed D.disappointed63.A.parking B.speed C.event D.incident64.A.blocked B.approached C.repaired D.cleaned65.A.special B.important C.typical D.skeptical66.A.occurred B.happened C.managed D.offered67.A.shock B.delight C.inspire D.satisfy68.A.spirits B.thoughts C.feelings D.minds69.A.work B.exercise C.conduct D.behave70.A.reliable B.subjective C.positive D.brief5Iworkedonboatsfortwentyfiveyears.NowIamadockingpilot(码头领航员).Myjobisto71inthelargeluxuryliners(邮轮)andstaywiththemuntiltheyare72stoppedintheharbour.Sometimesthisrequirestwotugs(拖船),sometimesmanymore,73thetideandtheweather.Ifeltvery74afterIhaddockedseveralofthelargeliners.IrealizedIwasin75ofagreatshipworthmillionsofdollarsandthe76weredependingonmetobringhersafelytotheport.Thesetugs,whetheroneorten,77aboutinaccordwithwhistlesignalsI78themfromthebridgeofthebigliner.Thesesignalsmakeupalanguagethatisjustas79asthespokenword,orevenmoreso,80ourdockingsignalsarehardlymisunderstood.Thecaptainofeachtugdoeshisworkaccordingtothesignalshe81.Heneverasksquestions.Hetakeseverythingfaithfully,anditalwaysworksout.Workingaroundtugboats,wheresomuchdependson82,hashaditseffectonwhatIbelieve.IbelievethatifIamtoattaina(an)83placeintheworldImusthavethehelpofmyfellowmenjustasthegreattransatlanticlinersdependonthe84ofthelittletugstobringthemsafelytothe85.71.A.put B.push C.bring D.join72.A.safely B.dangerously C.immediately D.illegally73.A.addingto B.lettingalone C.thinkingof D.dependingon74.A.bored B.meaningless C.important D.tired75.A.control B.praise C.defence D.place76.A.clerks B.sportsmen C.readers D.owners77.A.look B.move C.hear D.worry78.A.write B.send C.mail D.bring79.A.dependable B.incredible C.doubtful D.visible80.A.though B.if C.while D.because81.A.gives B.spreads C.receives D.passes82.A.imagination B.creation C.teamwork D.performance83.A.successful B.frustrating C.regretful D.embarrassing84.A.prevention B.help C.objection D.delay85.A.airport B.station C.port D.stop6ReneeDixsonisthedirectoratapreschoolinIndiana.Shehasalwaystakenherroleinherstudents’livesvery86.Becauseofthenovelcoronaviruspandemic(流行),manyofherkids'liveshavechanged87.Reneesaidsomeoftheirparentsarenow88foodbankstofeedtheirfamilies,which89anyextramoneytheyhavewillgoto90,nottoChristmasgifts.That'swhyReneehas