中考英语语法课件冠词和数词

冠词和数词授课人：希希CONTENTS冠词01数词习题练习030201冠词一、冠词冠词是一种虚词，常置于名词之前，起限定、说明的作用，不能离开名词使用，不能单独做句子成分。分类:1.定冠词the2.不定冠词a、an3.零冠词1.定冠词the定冠词the用在发音为辅音音素开头单词前，读/ðə/，在以元音音素开头前，读/ði/。theoldthebackgardentheboytheeasiestwaythebooktheuniversity1.定冠词the（1）用在特指的人或物的名词前。Jimbookedahotelafewdaysago.Theenvironmentofthehotelisnice.（2）说话双方都知道的人或物。Givemethebook,please.（3）特指后面有定语或从句修饰的人或物。ThebookthatItoldyouaboutiswrittenbyaJapanesenovelist.1.定冠词the（4）用于集体名词前，表示事物的整体或全体成员。Thepolicearelookingforhimnow.（5）用于序数词前，表示“第几”。Thefirstlessonisveryeasy.（6）用于形容词或副词的最高级前，也可以用于only,very,main,sole,same,following,last,next,usual,right等前。Itistheeasiestwaytoworkouttheproblem.1.定冠词the（7）用于表示世界上独一无二事物前。Themoonisverybrightatnight.（8）用于表示乐器名词前。Mydaughterplaystheviolinfortwohourseverynight.（9）用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。the

GreatWall,

theSummerPalace1.定冠词the（10）用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”。TheSmithswillinviteyoutotheparty.（11）用于形容词或分词前，表示某一类人、某一类事物或某种抽象概念。Firementriedtheirbesttosavetheinjured.（12）用于可数名词前，表示一类人或物。Thecomputerhaschangetheworld.1.定冠词the（13）用于某些固定词组中。atthesametime同时bytheway顺便提一下theotherday前几天intheend最后forthetimebeing暂时ontheotherhand另一方面inthedistance在远处totellthetruth说实话ontheincrease正在增长Mom,Ilike_______

greenT-shirt.Couldyoubuyitforme?aanthe/1.

—

What’sthematterwithyou?

—Ican’trememberwhereIparked_______car.aanthe/2.______GreensarepreparingforthecomingThanksgivingDay/AAnThe3.

—Howwas_______dinneratMike’shouse?

—Itwasgreat.Mike’smumis_______wonderfulcook.a;thethe;athe;thea;an4.Look!

Who’s_______boyoverthere?

—Oh,he’smycousin,Bob.Heis_______honestboy.

a;thethe;athe;ana;an5.—Wehave________8­dayholiday.—Whynotgoto________WestLake?an;thea;a

a;thean;a6.—What_______heavyrainitwas!—Yes,butIlove_______airafteritrains.Itsmellssofresh.the;aa;thethe;thea;a7.Ilikeplaying________violin,butmybrotherlikesplaying________basketball.a;thethe;/.the;aa;a8.IntheUnitedStates,Father’sDayfallson_____thirdSundayin_____June.

the;/the;a/;thea;/9.Doinglotsoflisteningpracticeisone

of____bestwaysofbecoming____goodlanguagelearner.

the;thethe;a/;athe;/10.2.不定冠词a、ana用于辅音音素前an用于元音音素前20个元音音素[ɑ:] [ʌ] [ɔ:] [ɒ] [ɜ:] [ə] [i:] [ɪ] [u:] [ʊ] [æ] [e][aɪ] [ɔɪ] [eɪ] [ɪə] [uə] [eə] [au] [əu]U型法（j和倒V音的区别）____university ____umbrella____UFO ____uglyUFO____usefulword ____unhappygirlaanaaanan障眼法（j和w的发音）Thisis____one-year-oldbaby.Franceis____Europeancountry.aa隔山打牛法（h开头的单词发音辨识）Doyouthinkheis_____honestboy?Isthis____horse?Ittakesme____hourtotakeashower.anaanInauniversity,aEuropeanwalksalongaone-wayroadwithausefultool.Thisisausualthing.在一所大学里，一个欧洲人拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。Anhourago，anhonestmanacceptedanhonorabletask.一个小时以前，一个诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。（1）表示数量“一”，用于可数名词单数之前，表示“未曾提到的一人/事/物”。Thereisarabbitunderthetree.Hecan’tspeakEnglish,soheneedsaninterpreter.（2）泛指同类人或物的任何一个或其中一个，与可数名词单数连用，表示“一个，某一个”。I’dlikeanapple.（3）用于可数名词单数前，表示一类人或物。Awritershouldlearntoacceptcriticism.（4）用于可数名词单数之前，表示单位数量、速度、价格、比率等，表示“每一”。Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.（5）用于抽象名词之前，起具体化的作用。It’sapleasureformetoworkwithyou.Sheisagreatbeauty.（6）用于序数词前，表示“又一、再一”。Ilikethismovie,soIwanttowatchitasecondtime.（7）用于某些固定词组中。keepaneyeon照看makeacall打电话makeadecision做决定allofasudden突然dosbafavor帮某人一个忙takeachance冒险asarule通常makealiving谋生asaresult因此inasense在某种意义上inahurry匆忙atadistance从远处haveatry尝试asamatteroffact事实上inaword总之Look!Thereis____bottleonthetable.aanthe/1.Iwanttobe____

engineer

whenIgrownup.aanthe/2.LeeMin-hois________actorfromSouthKorea.Hesang________Chinesepopsongonthe2014CCTVNewYear’sGala.

the;an/;thean;aa;/3.IwanttoseeTinyTimes____secondtimebecauseitissuch____wonderfulmovie.the;athe;/a;aa;/4.HeoftenwatchesnewsonTVfornearly____hourafterdinner.aanthe/5.Hestudiesin____universityinBeijing.

aan/the6.Franceis________EuropeancountrywhileThailandis________Asiancountry.an;anan,aa;aa;an7.3.零冠词（1）用于复数名词或不可数名词之前，泛指一类人或物。Childrenaregettingabettereducationtodaythaninthepast.Elephantsaremyfavoriteanimals.（2）用于国名、人名、地名等专有名词或表示公园、火车站等的名词之前。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.（3）用于称呼、头衔、职位等名词之前。Shewasappointedgeneralmanagerofthecompanyfinally.（4）用于三餐的名词之前。Itistimetohavelunch.（5）用于表示日期、月份、星期、节假日、日、夜、早、中、晚、周、年的名词之前。表示季节时，可加定冠词the，也可以用零冠词。ShewasbornonJune17,1990.（6）用于表示球类、棋类等体育运动或娱乐活动的名词之前。Theyareplayingbasketballintheplayground.HeplayschessbetterthanIdo.（7）用于机构、组织等名词前。Myeldersisterwenttouniversitylastyear.I’vebeentotheuniversitytovisithertwice.（8）用于表示交通和通信手段的名词前。bybus，bytrain（9）用于某些习惯用语中的名词之前，部分具体名词可以表示抽象概念。inreturn/danger/trouble/short/common作为回报/处于危险中/处于困境中/简而言之/共有arminarm/handinhand臂挽臂/手拉手daybyday/inchbyinch/littlebylittle一天天地/一步一步/逐渐地facetoface/endtoend面对面/首尾相接连成一行byaccident/chance/heart意外地/偶然地/单凭记忆onduty/fire/hand/sale/show值班/着火/现有/上市/在展出Michaelusuallyplays____guitarat____home.the;thea;a1./;thethe;/答案：D

简析：麦克通常在家弹吉他。the+西洋乐器；在家通常用“athome”。Thereis____unhappyboysittingon____seatoverthere,wholooksverysad.a;aa;the2.the;thean;the答案：D

简析：有一个不开心的男孩坐在那边的座位上，他看起来很难过。男孩这个信息第一次提及，又因为“unhappy”以元音开头。因此用“an”；因为特指“那边的座位上”，因此用“the”。—IsTony____honestboy?—Yes,Ithinkheis____mosthelpfulboyinourclass.a;thean;an3.an;thethe;an答案：C

简析：托尼是个诚实的男孩吗？是的，我觉得他是我们班最有帮助的男孩。因为“honest”以元音开头，因此用“an”；之后使用最高级，因此用“the”

。—Mary,who’s____womanoverthere?—She’smyaunt,____Englishteacher.the;thea;the4the;ana;an答案：C简析：玛丽，那边的那个女人是谁？她是我婶婶一个英语老师。由于特指“那边的那个女人”因此用“the”；由于表达职业，用不定冠词，同时“English”是以元音开头，因此用“an”。—Jane,Ifound____umbrella.Isityours?—No,it'sMike’s.Mineis____thirdoneontheshelf.a;anan;the5.the;aa;the答案：B

简析：简，我找到一把雨伞。是你的吗？不是，那是麦克的。我的是架子上的第三个

。由于刚开始对方不知道我说的是那一把雨伞，因此用“a”，之后他说第三把雨伞，是特指第三，因此用“the”。ZhuZhiwenwas________usualfarmerseveralyearsago.Buthowheis________famoussinger,hecanplay________piano.an;an;thea;a;the6.an;a;/a;a;/答案：B

_______boyinablackhatismybrother.Heoftenplays________chesswithmyfriends.A;theThe;/7.The;aA;/答案：B—Whatdidyoudoyesterday?—WetookatriptoWaterParkby________busandwentfor________walkaroundthelake.

/;a/;/8.the;athe;the答案：BDiaoyuIslandis________islandinthesouthofEastChinaSea.Itbelongsto________China.a;thean;/9.the;/an;a答案：BFredplays_____Pianoafter____Suppereveryday.the;the/;the10.the;/an;a答案：C适当形式填空Thereis____“h”intheword“hot”.1.Thereis____”s”onmyhandbag.2.Thereis____”b”intheword”boy”.3.anana适当形式填空Tomlikesplaying____football,4.butLilylikesplaying____violin./the4.5.____DragonBoatFestivaliscoming.theanShesings____unusualsong.6.aHeis____richman.7.I'mgoingtobuy____egginthesupermarket.8.an适当形式填空02数词二、数词英语中的数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词‌。分类：1.基数词：表示数量的词。2.序数词：表示顺序的词。1.基数词1-12：独立成词one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13-19：以teen结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20-90：以ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21-99：两位数，中间要加连字符“-”twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four…ninety-nine101-999：三位数，百位后面加andonehundredandone…onehundredandninety-nine…ninehundredandninety-nine基数词变序数词口诀123特别记，th4加起；8减t，9去e，f来把ve替；ty结尾是th，变y为ie；若是遇见几十几，个位变了就可以。Note:hundred,thousand,million,billionmillion百万billion十亿这四个词的前面如果有具体数字，就要用单数形式，后面接可数名词的复数。fourhundredboys（四百名男生）如果这四个词的前面没有具体数字，那么他们的后面要加上s+of，后面仍然接可数名词的复数。hundredsofboys（数千名男生）“基数词+连字符+名词”构成复合形容词，表示数量。名词用单数形式。=”基数词+名词所有格”其后跟可数名词单数是，前者常常加a/an，后者不用冠词。atwo-dayactivity=twodays’activityafive-hourdrive=fivehours’drive基数词可以表示书页、住所、房间、教室、邮编等编号,此时首字母常大写，表示编号时，也可以“the+序数词+名词”。第9号Numbernine(缩写No.9)第8页Pageeight(缩写P8/p.8)第7行Lineseven(缩写L7/l.7)第6站台Platform(No.)6第4路公交车Bus(No.)4唐宁街10号

No.10DowningStreet邮编21009Postcode(zipcope)21009=theninethnumber=theeighthpage=theseventhline=thesixthplatform表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数，“inone's+整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人十几岁时”。Inhistwenties,myunclewenttoFrance.在表示“几十年代”时，可以用基数词的复数形式，也可以用阿拉伯数字加“s”或“'s”。Inthenineteennineties=Inthe1990s=Inthe1990'severy+基数词+复数名词=every+序数词+单数名词“每隔，每”Wegoonvacationeverysixmonths.=Wegoonvacationeverysixthmonth.Suchmeetingsareheldeverythirdyear.=Suchmeetingsareheldeverythreeyears.“another+基数词+名词复数”，表示”又一，再一”。Youmuststayinbedforanothertwodays.1.Thereare

monthsinayear.A.FourB.sevenC.twelveD.twenty2.Mikelivesin

.A.room301B.Room301C.301roomD.301Room3.Jackisin

.A.classone,gradesixC.ClassOne,GradeSixB.gradeone,classsixD.GradeOne,ClassSixCBC4.Thissofacostme

yuan.A.twothousands,twohundredfortyB.twothousand,twohundredsfortyC.twothousand,twohundredandfortyD.twothousand,twohundredsandfort5.Mytelephonenumberis

A.eighty-ninetwofortyfourzeronineB.eightninetwodoublefouronineC.eighty-ninetwoforty-fourzeronineD.eightninetwofourfourteennineCB6.Fiftyand

isninety.A.FourteenB.fortyC.thirtyD.fifty7.Thereare

daysinayear.A.threehundredsixty-fiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty-five8.Thenewstudentisin

.A.Class2B.class2C.2ClassD.ClassSecondBBA9.Fortyandfouris

A.TenB.fourteenC.eighteenD.forty-four10.Thereare

studentsinourschool.A.fivehundredofB.fivehundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof11.Theparkisabout

walk.A.fiveminuteB.fiveminute'sC.fiveminutes'D.fiveminutes12.Onehundreddividedby5is

.A.TwelveB.twentyC.fiftyD.ninety-fiveDDCB13.Mayis

girl.A.aeightyearoldB.aeight-year-oldC.eightyearsoldD.aneight-year-old14.Thereare

hoursinaday.A.EightB.twelveC.twenty-fourD.forty-eight15.Ninetytimestwois

.A.forty-fiveB.ninety-twoC.onehundredD.onehundredandeightyDCD16.Twohundredthousand,threehundredandsixtyis

.A.2,360B.20,360C.2,316D.200,360D2.序数词形式：⑴first第一

second第二

third第三⑵以ty结尾的基数词变序数词需将y变成i，再加eth.twentieth

thirtieth⑶其余序数词都以th结尾fourth第四；thirteenth第十三特殊记：fifth第五；eighth第八；ninth第九；twelfth第十二⑷表示“几十几”的两位数的基数词变序数词时，只需将个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。twenty-one——twenty-firstsixty-five——sixty-fifth缩写：序数词的缩写形式由对应的阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母构成。first——1stsecond——2ndthird——3rdfourth——4theightieth——80th用法：序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。ThesecondiswhatIreallyneed．

（作主语）Hechoosesthesecond．

（作宾语）Wearetocarryoutthefirstplan．（作定语）Sheisthesecondinourclass．（作表语）（1）序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek（2）序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”,相当于another。Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?Ihadafourthapple.（3）first,second等有时可表示一批人或物。ThefirstmiludeercamefromChinainthe1860s.（4）有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。Hecameoutfirstinthecontest.他在比赛中获得第一名。（5）first,second等在用来指“冠军、亚军”等获胜名次时也常不加冠词。Heisfirst.序数词前不加定冠词the的几种情况：（1）当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，序数词前不用the。Motherwasmyfirstteacherinmylife.TomisLily'sthirdboyfriend.

（2）当表达分数时，序数词前不用the。Onefifthofthestudentsherearefromthecountry.

Threefourthsofthestudentsherearefromthecountry.

（3）当表达“又一，再一”时，序数词前不用the，但可加不定冠词。Pleasegivemeasecondchance.

Thepoorwomanhadathirdbaby.（4）当表达“年月日”时，序数词前不用the。HewasbornonJune6th,1974.（5）当序数词在句中作状语时，序数词前不用the。Whogottheresecond?Ifinishedtheworkfirst.

（6）当表达比赛中获得的名次时，序数词前不用the。Shestandsfirstinherclass.

（7）当表示某人的多少岁生日时，序数词前不加the。Mary'stwelfthbirthday.一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.IaminClass

(three).2.Two

(three)ofthestudentsinmyclasshelptheirparentsdothehousework.3.Therearesomestorybooksontheshelf.The

(five)oneisLinda's.The

(nine)oneismine.4.-Whichfloordoyouliveon?-The

(four)floor.Threethirdfifthninthfourth5.Ourschoolstartsat

(eight).6.Therearethirtystudentsinourclass.

(twofive)ofuslikeplayingbasketball.7.Lookatthe

(two)picture.It'sinteresting.8.Thereare

(twelve)monthsinayear.Decemberisthe

(twelve)month.9.Grandmais

ninetyyearsold.Thisisher

(ninety)

birthday.eightTwofifthssecondtwelvetwelfthninetieth10.It'sthe

(three)timeIhavebeenhere.11.Don'teatnow.Pleasewashyourhands

(one).12.Gostraightaheadandturnrightatthe

(four)trafficlights.thirdfirstfourth3.分数⑴分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母序数词要变复数形式。1/4：one-fourth2/3：two-thirds一些特殊表示法：1/2：a/onehalf1/4：a/onequarter

3/4：threequarters⑵分数在句中可作主、表、宾、定、状语。Half

adaypassed,buthehasn’tfinishedit

yet.(作主语)Thecropwasonly

one-third

oftheusualamountthatyear.(作表语)Give

aquarter

ofthepietoeachofthem.(作宾语)It's

one-twentieth

thethicknessofahumanhair.(作定语)Chinais

one-sixth

largerthantheUnitedStates.(作状语)牛刀小试34() A.threefours B.threefourths18() A.oneeighth B.oneeight512() A.fivetwelfths B.fifthtwelfthsBAA4.小数⑴小数的读法：小数点读作point;零读作zero小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出6.4：sixpointfour0.05：naughtpointnaughtfive(zeropointzerofive)12.409：twelvepointfourzeronine⑵小数主要作定语Theropeis1.8metreslong.牛刀小试3.0723.7020.327threepointzeroseventwothreepointsevenzerotwozeropointthreetwoseven5.百分数(percent)“基数词/小数+percent”表示。percent相当于%可以作主、表、宾、定、状语Tenpercentofthepupilsareabsenttoday.(作主语)12isonepercentof1200.(作表语)Thepriceofbreadhasgoneupbyfortypercentintwoyears.(作宾语)Ipaidhimfourpercentinterest.(作定语)I'mnotahundredpercentconvincedmyself.(作状语)03习题练习A____womanwassaved