2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4BodylanguageLearningaboutLanguage练习含解析新人教版必修4

PAGEUnit4BodylanguageLearningaboutLanguage语法精讲·探究学习动词-ing形式作定语和状语视察上面对话,并类比填空:Whenhesawthechance,hebegantotakeaction.→Seeingthechance,hebegantotakeaction.

动词-ing形式可以在句中起修饰、限定名词以及动词的作用,所以可以作定语和状语。一、动词-ing形式和作用1.动词-ing形式的基本形式如下:主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.动词-ing形式在句中可以作主语、定语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。*Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。*Thepromisingfutureismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.将来充溢希望,前所未有地鼓舞人心。*Keepquiet.Don’twakeupthesleepingchildren.请宁静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生,而动词-ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。语法填空。(1)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.(2)Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.

(3)Havinglived(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.

(4)Havingspent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.

(5)Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.二、动词-ing形式作定语*Thefirefightersdashedintotheburningwoodstosavepeopletrappedinit.(前置定语)消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林,去营救被困人员。*Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.(后置定语)站在那里的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。*Thebuildingbeingbuiltoverthereisourlibrary.(后置定语,强调“正在被建”)那里正在建立的大楼是我们的图书馆。假如一个及物动词作定语,既要表达进行意味,又要表达被动意味时,可用现在分词的被动语态。语法填空。(1)Alittlechildlearning(learn)towalkoftenfalls.(2)Ican’tstandtheoldmantalking(talk)soloudlyinthelibrary.(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeeting(meet)room.三、动词-ing形式作状语1.作时间状语。*Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.一听到那个消息,他禁不住大笑起来。2.作缘由状语。*Notknowingheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.=AsIdon’tknowheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.由于不知道她的地址,我还是打电话让她过来为好。3.作条件状语。*Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.假如努力工作,你就肯定会胜利。4.作结果状语。*Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.=Thechildslippedandfell,andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那男孩滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。5.作让步状语。*Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.=Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.尽管被告知了许多次,他还是没把这些规定记住。6.作伴随状语。*Morrislayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。*Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranches.=Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,andcutthebranches.那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。7.作方式状语。*Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回来告知我这个消息。动词-ing形式作状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句,现在分词的逻辑主语肯定和句子的主语保持一样。句型转换(用非谓语动词改写句子)。(1)Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily,causinggreatdamage.

(2)Afterhehadeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.→Havingeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.

(3)Allnightlonghelayawakeandhethoughtoftheproblem.→Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.

8.动词-ing形式作状语需留意的问题。①独立主格。动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或状况,也可以表示时间、缘由或条件等。*Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利,他或许能胜利。*Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。*Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。*ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.由于是星期天,他们不用上课。②评论性状语/悬垂分词。有些动词-ing形式作状语,在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,用来修饰主句,表明说话者的看法、观点等,被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/franklyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering,supposing,providing等。*Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般来说,女孩比男孩对文学更感爱好。语法填空。(1)Anewtechniquehavingbeenworked(work)out,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

(2)Therearevariouskindsofmetals,eachhaving(have)itsownproperties.(3)Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourworknotbeingfinished(finish),wedeclinedtheoffer.

(4)Generallyspeaking(speak),mencanrunfasterthanwomen.课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Heoftencarefullywatchedthedoctorsintheoperating(operate)room.2.Notrealizing(realize)thathehadhurtShirley,3.Thosestudentshoping(hope)toenterthatuniversityshouldworkreallyhard.4.Being(be)morecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.5.Doyourememberthenameofthegirlsitting(sit)nexttoyouintheoldphoto?6.Tomreceivedaphonecallfromhismothersaying(say)thatshewouldvisithimthisweekend.7.Theboywearing(wear)asadlooksaid,“Ican’tfindmyparents.”8.Thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroom,talking(talk)aboutsomethinghappily.9.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina,thenumberofforeignerslearning(learn)Chineseisgrowingallthetime.Ⅱ.用-ing形式改写下列句子1.Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.→Themanspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.

2.Intheyearsthatfollowed,heworkedevenharder.→Inthefollowingyears,heworkedevenharder.3.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.→Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.

4.Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.→Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.

5.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.→Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.

6.Thefirelastednearlyamonth,andleftnothingvaluable.→Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.

7.Althoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.→Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.

被领着参观了工厂后,他们很兴奋。2.Respectinghisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.

因为敬重他的父亲,所以他不想和他争辩。3.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchacold.

被雨淋后他感冒了。4.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.

玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。5.Havinglivedinthevillageforyears,Iknoweveryonequitewell.

因为在这个村里住了许多年,所以我熟识每个人。运用本单元所学词汇及语法学问翻译下列语段今日早上,我走在路上,看到两个旅游者在看地图。他们看起来像是迷路了。我走上前去,询问他们是否须要帮助。他们说要去天坛。我把他们带到车站,告知他们坐20路车。他们特别感谢我。不久,车来了。我们挥手告辞。看着他们上了车,我感到很欣慰。Thismorning,walkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap.Itseemedthattheywerelost.Iwentuptothem,askingwhethertheyneededanyhelp.TheytoldmetheywerelookingfortheTempleof课时素养评价十一Unit4LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Havingselected(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.

2.Notknowing(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstocomeback.3.Hearing(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.4.Judging(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.5.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.

6.Working(work)harderatEnglish,you’llmakegreaterprogress.7.Whenexploringthecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.8.Itbeing(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercises.9.Looking(look)outthroughthewindow,wesawbeautifulscenery.10.Thecaseshockedthepublic,causing(cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Personallyspeaking,I’msatisfiedwithyourperformance.

就个人而言,我满足你的表现。2.Thefilmstarintendedtoleavequickly,onlytobesurroundedbyhisfans.

这位影星想快速离开,却被他的粉丝包围了。3.Footballisplayedallovertheworld,makingitapopularsport.

全世界都踢足球,因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。4.Therebeingnocustomers,theyclosedthestore.

因为没有顾客,他们关了店门。5.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

我站在门旁,不敢说一句话。6.Havingtriedmanytimes(=Thoughhehadtriedmanytimes),hestillcouldn’tsucceed.

尽管尝试了多次,但他仍未胜利。7.Settingoffearlier/Ifsettingoffearlier(=Ifyousetoffearlier),you’llgettothetownatdusk.

假如早点儿动身的话,你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。8.Havingapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners(=Afterhehadapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners),hemadeapromisethathewouldn’tmakethesamemistake.

因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师致歉后,他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·吉林高一检测)ThereisalargepercentageofAsianpeopleintheUS.They’rehardworking,respectfulbutstrangesometimes.Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheculture,youwillgetsomeproblemswiththem.Asianpeoplearedifferentfromanyotherculturesifyouthinkyouknowthem,youmightwanttothinkagain.Howaretheydifferent?WhenitcomestomostAsianculture,respectiseverything.Youcandoanythingyouwantbutdon’tdisrespectanAsianman.Youwillgetsomerealconsequencesafterwardandespeciallyifheisyourboss.It’ssomethingcalledfacesavingintheAsianculture.It’sridiculoussometimesbutit’stheirculture.Sometimestheirculturecancomeinbetweentheirrelationshipatwork.Asianpeoplemightexpectalotofrespectfromtheirco-workerswhentheirco-workersjustseethemasanequal.

AmericansareverydifferentfromAsianpeople.Ifyou’reAsian,youmightwanttounderstandtheAmericancultureandevenadapttotheircultureifyouworkwiththem.Itwillbeeasierforyousinceyou’reintheircountries.ImagineanAmericanworkinginChina,expectingChineseco-workerstogetalongwithhimwhenhecriticizesthemstraightoutoneverysinglematterinfrontofeveryone.Ithinktheywilltakehimoutsideandtakecareofhim.Itjustdoesn’tworkthatwaywithAsianpeople.Ifyou’reanAmericanbossgivingyourAsianemployeeareview,youwillseethattheywillhaveaproblemwithyournegativeremarks.Theywillthinkthatyoudon’tlikethem,disrespectful,andwanttogetridofthem;wheninfact,you’rejustdoingyourjob.Youjustencouragethemtodotheirworkbetter.Ofcourse,it’snotfairforyouasanAmericanbossbutjustexpectthatitcanbesomethingthatisonyourAsianemployee’smind.【文章大意】本文主要讲了亚洲人的文化与其他文化的不同之处。1.TheAmericanscan’tgetalongwellwiththeAsiansprobablybecause_______.

A.theirculturesaredifferentB.theydon’tlikeeachotherC.bothofthemaretooproudD.theyhavedifferentpoliticalviews【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第一段Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheculture,youwillgetsomeproblemswiththem.Asianpeoplearedifferentfromanyotherculturesifyouthinkyouknowthem,youmightwanttothinkagain.可知,因为亚洲文化和其他文化差别很大,所以假如你不了解亚洲文化,你可能就很难与亚洲人相处。2.Theunderlinedphrase“facesaving”inParagraph2probablymeans_______.

A.savingsomemoneyforlateruseB.makingfacestopleaseyourbossC.showingsomerespecttosomebodyD.helpingsomebodyoutoftrouble【解析】选C。词义揣测题。依据其次段WhenitcomestomostAsianculture,respectiseverything.Youcandoanythingyouwantbutdon’tdisrespectanAsianman.可知,对于大多数亚洲文化来说,敬重就是一切。你可以做任何你想做的事,但要敬重亚洲人。所以通过上下文的语境可以推断出,“facesaving”一词是“敬重”的意思。3.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanknowthatitisdifficult_______.

A.fortheAsianstoacceptthecultureinAmericaB.fortheAmericanstoadapttothecultureinChinaC.forpeopletolearnthecultureinaforeigncountryD.forpeopletofollowthecultureintheirowncountry【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据第三段可知,美国人直截了当的思维方式在亚洲人眼里是行不通的,所以美国人要想适应亚洲文化是很困难的。4.ThenegativeremarksanAmericanbossgivesonyourworkprobablymeanhe/she_______.

A.doesn’tlikeyouanylongerB.thinksyouarenotworthrespectingC.doesn’tthinkyouaresuitableforthejobD.wantsyoutoimproveyourwork【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段Youjustencouragethemtodotheirworkbetter.可知,美国老板指责亚洲员工是为了更好地做工作,但是这样的话在亚洲人的眼里会被认为是不够敬重或是想解雇他们。所以一个美国老板对你工作的负面评论可能意味着他希望你改进你的工作。Ⅱ.完形填空Itmaybedifficulttounderstandnonverbalmessagesbecausedifferentcultureshavedifferentexpectationsabouteyecontact,physical1,etc.

Let’sconsidereyecontact.ChildrenfrommanyLatinAmericanandAsian2showrespectbyavoidingtheglanceofimportantpersons.Ateacherwho’s3withthis,however,mightconsiderthelackofeyecontactasasignof4.FormanyAmericanIndianchildren,5Culturegreatly6attitudestowardsphysicalcontact,whetherit’sahandshake,hug,orpatontheback.InAsia,femalefriends7holdhandsandmencasually(随意地)hugoneanotherastheywalkdownthestreet.Americans,however,mayfeel8withsuchpublicbehavior.InsomeAsiancultures,affectionatelypattinga(n)9headisstrictlytaboo(禁忌的),10itcanbeacceptablebehaviorbetweenadultsandyoungchildren.

How11shouldpeoplestandtoeachotherwhenthey’rehavingaconversation?InareasoftheMiddleEastandSouthAmerica,peoplestandveryclosewhen12.Europeansliketohave13distancebetweenthem,whilesomeAfricans14evenmorespace.Youcan15greatdiscomfortbystandingtooclosetoanotherperson.Notbeing16ofthiscanevenpreventsomeonefromunderstandingor17theideasyou’retryingtogetacross.

Tocreateapositiveenvironmentforcommunication,yournonverbalmessagemustclosely18yourverbalmessage.Onewaytodothisistocarefullyobservehowchildrenandfamiliesspeakand19aroundeachotherandwithpeopletheyrespect.Thiscan20cluesaboutthetruemeaningoftheirnonverbalinteractions.

【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文,讲解并描述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外,不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以,要想真正了解一种文化,肯定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。1.A.exercise B.touch C.education D.strength【解析】选B。physicaltouch意为“身体接触”,这从下文的physicalcontact可得到提示。2.A.schools B.villages C.homelands D.cultures【解析】选D。第一段已提到不同的文化(differentcultures)中人们对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明,故此空填“文化”一词。3.A.uncertain B.angry C.unfamiliar D.popular【解析】选C。在拉丁美洲和亚洲文化中,小孩回避他人的视线是对其敬重的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏敬重。beunfamiliarwith意为“对……不熟识”。4.A.disrespect B.ideaC.danger D.disappointment【解析】选A。此空前的however说明此句与前一句之间是转折关系。既然前一句说是showrespect,此处应当是asignofdisrespect。5.A.seeing B.staringatC.looking D.glancingat【解析】选C。looksb.intheeye意为“直视某人”。6.A.influences B.supportsC.observes D.reduces【解析】选A。在文章首段中说“不同的文化中人们对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解”,然后在其次段讲眼神接触在不同文化中的不同理解,故此段则是讲physicalcontact在不同文化中的影响,即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的看法”。7.A.never B.oftenC.seldom D.sometimes【解析】选B。由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下,故可推想女性挚友之间手拉手是常事。8.A.pleased B.comfortableC.mad D.uncomfortable【解析】选D。由该句的however可知,在亚洲文化中很自然的行为,在美国文化中却令人感到不舒适。9.A.child’s B.baby’s C.adult’s D.man’s【解析】选C。在一些亚洲文化中,摸成人的头是严格禁止的,但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。10.A.because B.although C.unless D.if【解析】选B。前后之间是让步关系,故用although。11.A.far B.closely C.properly D.close【解析】选D。从本段的“peoplestandveryclose,distance,standingtooclose”等可知,本段是谈人与人之间站立时相隔的距离。12.A.talking B.eating C.waiting D.listening【解析】选A。此处whentalking与前一句的“whenthey’rehavingaconversation”意思一样。13.A.more B.less C.no D.little【解析】选A。来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近,而欧洲人须要的距离更大一些。14.A.hate B.prefer C.wish D.dream【解析】选B。该句中的while表示对比。非洲人须要的距离更远。15.A.change B.expect C.create D.accept【解析】选C。双方谈话时,站得太近,超过可接受的距离,人就会感到极不舒适。create“引起;造成”。16.A.afraid B.ashamed C.proud D.aware【解析】选D。对谈话时的距离要清晰,否则会造成麻烦。beawareof意为“意识到,知道”,符合语境。beafraidof“胆怯 ”;beashamedof“以……为惭愧”;beproudof“以……为豪”,均不符合语境。17.A.suggesting B.consideringC.refusing D.accepting【解析】选D。此空前的or表示选择关系,说明此空的内容与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们沟通时默认的距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。18.A.pass B.explain C.match D.prepare【解析】选C。非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)、要一样。19.A.talk B.behave C.use D.look【解析】选B。这些文化差异可通过细致视察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式(behave)来了解。20.A.provide B.support C.prove D.search【解析】选A。这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言沟通供应线索。Ⅲ.语法填空Yourbodylanguagewillgiveoutalotmoreinformation.1.___________(base)onyourbo