2025届高考英语一轮复习课时作业十五必修⑤Unit3Scienceandnature课时作业含解析牛津译林版

PAGE课时作业(十五)必修⑤Unit3ScienceandnatureⅠ.阅读理解[2024·郑州高三第一次质测]Somethingstrangehasbeenhappeningtomelately:WomeninthestreethavebeentellingmeI'mbrave.Myactofcourageisn'tmuch—Ijuststoppedcoloringmyhair.IhadbrownhairthatstartedgoinggraywhenIwas30.So,likealotofwomen,Istarteddyeing(染)it.Itwasexpensiveandtime­consuming.Andmyhairgrowsfast,soIneededtogobacktothehairsalon(美发厅)every5weeks.Manypeopleseemtoenjoyholdingontotheiryouthforaslongaspossible,givingotherstheimpressionthattheydon'thavemuchwisdomormanyaccomplishments.Butourhairstartstoturngrayandsuddenlywestartspending$500ormoreayeartocoversomethingourmalecolleaguesdon'tneedtocover.Ofcourse,peopleshoulddowhattheywanttodowiththeirownbody—mymotheris91andstillhas“blonde”hair,andwhynot?IjustwishmoreofuswouldfeelthatitisOKtobeourselves,becausegoinggrayhasdonemoreformethansavingmetimeandmoney.Ilikemynaturalhair,justasitis.Ilikehowithasgotcurlyagain.Itisrecoveringafteryearsofbeingdamagedbychemicals.Ialsolikethatithasgivenmesomeneededattitudeinasocietythatmakesyouthseemsoimportant,whilebeingagainstmaturity.ItremindsmethatI'mnotakidanymoreandthisisn'tabadthing.NotbeingakidanymoremeansIreadthebooksIwant,andnotthebooksIfeelIshouldread.ItmeansnotwastingmytimeateventsIdon'tneedtoattendwhenI'dratherbewithmyfamilyandfriends.WhenIseemyhairinthemirror,it'sareminderthatmytimeislimited,andIshouldspenditdoingwhatmatters.There'snothingshamefulaboutgrowingolder.Andpretendingit'snothappeningisawayofgivingupourpower.Iseemygrayhairasalittleactofrebellion(反叛)againsttheideathatpeoplelosevalueastheyage,insteadofgainingit.Iseegrayhairasmy“flag”andI'mlettingitflyproudly.1．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutcoloringhair?A．Itshowspeople'sgreatcourage.B．Itisagoodwaytoholdontoyouth.C．Itshowswisdomandaccomplishments.D．Itcostsmuchmoneyandittakesmuchtimetodothat.2．Whatshouldwedowhenwegrowoldaccordingtotheauthor?A．Giveupourpower.B．Pretendtobestillyoung.C．Acceptitandactpositively.D．Readasmanybooksaspossible.3．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainwhyyouthisvalued.B．Toshareheropinionongrowingolder.C．Tostresstheimportanceofdifferentattitudes.D．Toanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofaging.4．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HoldingontoYouthB．DyeingYourHairC．GainingValuewithAgeD．ValuingWisdomofAgeⅡ.七选五[2024·山东高考第一次模拟]Travellingwithfriendscanbeanabsolutelyamazingexperiencewhereyoucouldmakelifelongmemoriesoritcouldendupruiningyourfriendship.__1__Herearesomerulesyoushouldfollowtomakesureyournexttripwithfriendsgoesassmoothlyaspossible.•__2__Sure,youandyourfriendsprobablyhavesomesimilarinterests,butthat'snotalwaysthecase.Inanefforttokeepeveryonehappy,goovertravelplansandexpectationsaheadoftime.Haveeachpersoncategorizeactivitiesorsightsinto“mustsee”“wanttosee”and“wouldgoifwehavetime”.Planaccordinglyandmakesureeveryonecanseesomeoftheirtopattractions.•Communicateandrespecteachother.Everyonehaspersonalpreferenceswhentravelling—fromgettingthebedclosesttothebathroomorsittingintheairplane'swindowseat.Butsometimesthingsdon'tgoasyoulike.Inthiscase,shareyourrequirementsdirectlywithyourtravelcompanions.__3__Haveaconversationwhenproblemsarise,forcommunicationisthekey.•Don'tdisappear.Whentravellingwithagroup—orevenjustoneotherperson—youmaywantalonesometime.That'scompletelyfine,butmakesureyourfriendsknowwhereyouareandhaveawayofcontactingyou.__4__•Getoffyourphone.Ofcourse,yourfriendswillunderstandifyouneedtotakeacallfromafamilymember,orintheeventofaworkemergency,butotherthanthat,trytostayoffyourphone.__5__Afterall,theappealofthistypeoftripistospendtimewithfriends.Justenjoyit!A．Giveeachothersomespace.B．Includeatleastoneactivityforeveryone.C．Andrememberthatconsiderationandrespectgoalongway.D．Atthesametime,listentotheirconcernsandberespectfulofthem.E．Don'trespondtonon­urgentworkcontactorsendmessagesfrequently.F．It'sespeciallytrueoftravellinginforeigncountriesorunfamiliarplaces.G．Soit'simportanttomakesureyouandyourfriendsareonthesamepage.Ⅲ.完形填空[2024·枣庄市高三模拟]WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonPlantHospitalonanearlyTuesdayafternoon,you'llbegreetedbythecomfortingvoiceofMaryEllenOwens.Owens,whoisnow98,started__1__atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.“Myhusbandwasa(n)__2__here,offandonforaboutsixweeksoverfouryears，”she__3__.“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”Toshowher__4__，Owenswantedtogivebackinabigway.“Idon'thaveseveralmilliondollars,butIcangivemy__5__，”shesaid.Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek，”shesaid.“NowI'm__6__.Idon'tgetaroundasmuchasI__7__，soIonlygiveonedayaweek.”Togettoherweeklyfour­hour__8__，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.“Every__9__，Richardpicksmeupfrommyhomeandbringsmehere，”shesaid.“Idon'tbelievepeopleofmyageshouldbe__10__.”Inheryoungeryears,OwensusedtowalkupanddownthefashionrunwaysinNewYorkCityandRichmond,Virginia.Shealsohada(n)__11__tobeinthe1939classicfilmGonewiththeWind.Becauseshehadotherworkatthetime,however,Owens__12__toturnitdown.“WhatIdidn'tdoinmylifeismore__13__thanwhatI'vedone，”shelaughs.__14__she'sinhergoldenyears,Owensplanstocontinuetoliveherlifewith__15__bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile.1．A.volunteeringB．trainingC．workingD．nursing2．A.doctorB．expertC．patientD．assistant3．AmentedB．promisedC．respondedD．explained4．A.attitudeB．appreciationC．sympathyD．response5．A.handB．loveC．smileD．time6．A.oldB．strongC．sickD．lucky7．A.hadtoB．hopedtoC．usedtoD．oughtto8．A.standB．rideC．turnD．shift9．A.dayB．MondayC．morningD．Tuesday10．A.strugglingB．drivingC．runningD．changing11．A.partB．characterC．performanceD．opportunity12．A.decidedB．hopedC．agreedD．happened13．A.difficultB．interestingC．well­paidD．challenging14．A.NowthatB．GuessingthatC．SupposingthatD．Exceptthat15．A.reliefB．successC．purposeD．spiritⅣ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。[2024·菏泽市模拟]HonoluluisthecapitalandlargestcityoftheU．S.stateofHawaii,knownasabestvacationspotformostAmericans.Inthiscapitalcity,you'llfindeverythingfromhistoriclandmarkstofinediningtoworld­classshopping.Stretchingacrossthesoutheasternshoresoftheisland,fromPearlHarbortoMakapuuPointandincludingworld­famousWaikikiBeachalongtheway,HonoluluishometothemajorityofOahu'spopulation.MichaelAnthonyisoneofthem.Michaelgetstocallthisplacehome.There'sonlyoneproblem—heishomeless.Unabletoaffordtoliveinhisownplace,hereliesonthestreetsandbeachesofthischarmingcitytoresthishead.Healsotakesadvantageofthebeautifulweatherbyplayingbaseballoutside.Hehadatoughlifebutwashappyandpositive.Earninghimselfthenickname(外号),“BaseballMike”，manyofhisfriendsknowwheretofindhim—ontheroofofaformerparkinggarage.There,hepracticeshisskills,inthehopeofonedaymakingitbig.OntheverymorningofthisFriday,Mikewashittingsomebaseballswhenhelostoneinanarrowgap.Afterlosingatotalofsixballs,hedecidedtogodownafterthem.ThespacebetweenthewallswassonarrowthatMikewasn'tsurehowhecouldfit.Butthinkingthosebaseballsweresomeofhisonlybelongings,Mikecouldn'taffordtolosethem.Hedecidedtogodowntogetthem.The55­year­oldmanmadehiswaydownthegap,butthingsquicklyturneddifficult.“IsawitwasnarrowatthebottombutI'mthin,verythin，”Mikesaidlater.Momentslater,thespacewastoosmallforhimtofit,yethekeptgoingwithhiseyeonhisbaseballs.Ashewentdownalittlelowerandalittlelower,herealizedtheremightbenowaycomingbackandhehadactuallygothimselfstuckbetweentwowalls.Mikefeltworried.留意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Hebegantothinkofallmeanstogetout.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepasser­byheardhisshoutandtelephonedthepolice.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课时作业(十五)Ⅰ.阅读理解语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我——相识自我——重视因年龄增长而带来的才智【语篇解读】文章开头作者叙述了自己虽然头发变白但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经验，接着表达了自己对变老的看法。作者认为染发奢侈金钱和时间，追求自然、重视因年龄增长而带来的才智才是重要的。1．答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据其次段，尤其是该段中的“Itwasexpensiveandtimeconsuming”可知，作者认为染发花费许多金钱且费时。2．答案与解析：C考查推理推断。依据第四段，尤其是最终一句“IjustwishmoreofuswouldfeelthatitisOKtobeourselves,becausegoinggrayhasdonemoreformethansavingmetimeandmoney”和第六段中的“Ishouldspenditdoingwhatmatters”以及第七段的最终一句可推知，依据作者的观点，当我们变老时我们应当接受它并实行主动的行动。3．答案与解析：B考查写作意图。本文作者首先叙述自己虽然头发变白但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经验，然后表达自己对变老的看法——染发奢侈金钱和时间，追求自然、重视因年龄增长而带来的才智才是重要的。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是共享她对变老的看法。4．答案与解析：D考查标题推断。依据全文的内容，尤其是最终一段第一句“Iseemygrayhairasalittleactofrebellion(反叛)againsttheideathatpeoplelosevalueastheyage，insteadofgainingit”可知，D项“重视因年龄增长而带来的才智”最适合作文章标题。Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——人际交往——和挚友出行时保持良好关系的技巧【语篇解读】文章介绍了和挚友旅行的时候应当遵循的规则，以确保旅行顺当。1．答案与解析：G考查上下文连接。空格前说和挚友一起旅行肯定是一次奇异的经验，在旅行中你们可能创建终生的回忆，也可能最终毁掉你们的友情。空格后说这里有一些你应当遵循的规则来确保你和挚友下一次的旅行尽可能地顺当。G项“所以确保你和你的挚友看法一样是很重要的”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。2．答案与解析：B'考查段落主旨句。依据本段最终一句可知，要有依据地安排，确保每个人都能看到他们心中最棒的景点。B项“每个人至少有一个活动”引出下文，符合语境。且B项中的“activity”和该段倒数其次句中的“categorizeactivities”相呼应。故选B。3．答案与解析：D'考查上下文连接。空格前说，干脆和你的旅行伙伴共享你的要求，空格后说，当问题出现时，进行交谈，因为沟通是关键。D项“同时，倾听他们关注的事情，敬重他们”与上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D。4．答案与解析：F'考查上下文连接。空格前说要确保你的挚友知道你在哪里，并且有方法联系你，说明这是在不熟识的环境要做的事情。F项“尤其是在国外或不熟识的地方旅行”与上文连接紧密，符合语境。故选F。5．答案与解析：E'考查上下文连接。空格前说放下手机。当然，假如你须要接家人的电话，或者遇到工作紧急状况，你的挚友会理解的，但除此之外，尽量远离手机。E项“不要回复非紧急工作联系人，也不要常常发送消息”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。Ⅲ.完形填空【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲解并描述了Owens因丈夫生病住院时受人帮助而在丈夫去世后去医院做志愿者以回馈他人的事迹。1．答案与解析：A依据第三段首句“Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.”可知，Owens在医院里做志愿者工作。2．答案与解析：C依据下文的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”可知，Owens的丈夫曾经是医院的一位病人。3．答案与解析：D依据Owens所说的她丈夫生病在这家医院时受人帮助，她也想尽其所能帮助他人可知，此处Owens是在说明自己做志愿者的缘由。comment“评论，发表看法”；promise“保证，答应”；respond“作出反应，回应”；explain“说明，说明”。4．答案与解析：B依据上文的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”和下文的“Owenswantedtogivebackinabigway.”可知，Owens想要表达谢意。appreciation“感谢，感谢”。5．答案与解析：D依据下文的“volunteertime”“givethreedaysaweek”“giveonedayaweek”可知，此处表示Owens虽然没有太多钱，但她能赐予她的时间。6．答案与解析：A依据其次段首句的“Owens,whoisnow98”可知，现在Owens年纪大了。7．答案与解析：C依据上文的“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek”和下文的“soIonlygiveonedayaweek”可知，Owens不能像过去那样走动了。usedto意为“过去常常”。8．答案与解析：D依据上文对Owens志愿工作的描述可知，她须要在医院轮班工作。此处shift意为“(工作人员在工厂、医院等轮值工作的)当班时间，轮班”。9．答案与解析：D依据文章首句“WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonPlantHospitalonanearlyTuesdayafternoon...voiceofMaryEllenOwens.”可知，Owens每周二去医院。10．答案与解析：B依据上文的“Owens,whoisnow98”“Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.”可知，Owens认为她这个年纪的人不应当再开车了。11．答案与解析：D依据上文的“Owensusedtowalkupanddownthefashionrunways”和下文的“Becauseshehadotherworkatthetime...turnitdown.”可知，她曾经有机会出演电影《乱世佳人》。12．答案与解析：A依据空前的“Becauseshehadotherworkatthetime”可知，因为Owens当时有其他工作，所以她确定拒绝出演。13．答案与解析：B依据语境可知，此处表示Owens觉得自己在生活中没有做的事比做过的更好玩。interesting“好玩的，有吸引力的”符合语境。difficult“困难的”；wellpaid“薪金优厚的，高薪的”；challenging“富于挑战性的”。14．答案与解析：A依据句意可知