2023-2024学年山东省日照市高二上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省日照市2023-2024学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydidthewomanmissthehistoryclass?A.Shewassick.B.Shewasinjured.C.Sheattendedfootballpractice.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthelivingroom.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthekitchen.3.Whatisthemangoingtodofirs?A.Goshopping.B.Dohisgeographyhomework.C.Helpthewomanwiththehousework.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttofindout?A.WheretohavelunchwithMary.B.WhatdifficultiesMaryishaving.C.WhyMarytreatshercoldly.5.Whereisthewomannow?A.Atasubwaystation.B.Atanairport.C.Atataxicompany.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whattimeofyearisit?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Visitapark.B.Dosomegardening.C.Watchtheweatherforecast.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howisthemanfeelingnow?A.Hungry.B.Uncomfortable.C.Excited.9.Whenwillthespeakersgotothecinema?A.Tonight.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrowafternoon.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whyisthewomanlearningtodance?A.Tomeetnewpeople.B.ToperformonTV.C.Togetfit.11.Wherearethewoman’sdancingclassesheld?A.Inagym.B.Inadancestudio.C.Inaschoolhall.12.Howdoesthemanfeelwhendancing?A.Relaxed.B.Disappointed.C.Anxious.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Learningmethods.B.Studyingabroad.C.English-speakingcountries.14.WheredidthewomangotoimproveherspokenEnglish?A.Asia.B.Australia.C.America.15.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Getapassport.B.Improvehisgrades.C.Develophiswritingskills.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Familymembers.C.Teacherandstudent.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howdoesthespeakerfeelaboutthepeople’sperformance?A.Angry.B.Unsatisfied.C.Proud.18.Whatmistakedidthemajorityofpeoplemake?A.Theytooktheircoats.B.Theytooktheirbags.C.Theytooktheliftdown.19.Whatdothepeopleneedtoeducatethemselvesabout?A.Howtoopenafiredoor.B.Wheretofindthenearestfireexit.C.Whattobringoutsideincaseofafire.20.Whatwillthepeopledonext?A.Practiceoncemore.B.Putoutafire.C.Takeaclass.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATherearemanyreasonsforvisitingRwanda.Frombreathtakingscenerytovariouscultures,itisfullofhopeandwonder.Herearesomemust-enjoyexperiencesfortravelers.Made-to-OrderFashion:Bighlycoloredclothisshownatmanystal(货摊)intheKimironkoMarketinKigali,thecapitalofRwanda.Chooseonepiecethatspeakstoyouandatalentedtailor(裁缝)canmakeyoutheclothesofyourchoosinginaboutanhour.Youwillfindhills,bats,birdwingsandriverspopularonthecloth-theyareacelebrationofthecounty’snaturallandscapeandwildlife.IncredibleWildlifeEncounters:Frommountaingorillasinthenorthtochimpanzeesinthesouth,RwandaishometosomeofAfrica’smostfascinatinganimals.Localguideshelptravelersexplorerainforestsandmountainareas.Thefirstpurpose-builtgorillaresearchandeducationcenterwascompletedherein2021.MeettheArtists:Beautifulmurals(壁画)appearfromthesidesofbuildingsastravelersmaketheirwaythroughthetownsofRwanda,leavinglittledoubtthatgiftedartistscallthecountryhome.Localpottery,sculpturesandpaintingsareonlythebeginningofthechoicesartloverswillbeexcitedabout.Don’tmissthelocalpeoplewhoperformatcommunitygatheringsandprofessionaldancersandmusicianswhotellthehistoryofthecountrytotravelersthroughdanceandmusic.CreateYourOwnAdventure:Eventhemostexperiencedadventuretravelerwillfindchallengesinthehillshere.HorsebackridingatFazendaSenghahighaboveKigali?Sure.Awalkalonga70-metrehigh,160-metrelongCanopyWalkwayinthewindaboveanaturalrainforest?Justsaywhen.Rwandaseemsbuiltforadventureandguestswhobringtheircuriositywon’tleavedisappointed.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheclothintheKimironkoMarket?A.Itscolourisdull. B.Itssellersareusuallygiftedtailors.C.Ithasvariouspatternsonit. D.Itcanbemadeintoclothesinminutes.2.Whichexperiencebestsuitsanimallovers?A.Made-to-OrderFashion. B.IncredibleWildlifeEncounters.C.MeettheArtists. D.CreateYourOwnAdventure.3.WhatcantravelersdoinRwanda?A.Drawmuralsonbuildings. B.Tellthestoriesofthecountry.C.Designsculpturesandpotteries. D.Appreciatelocalpeople’sperformances.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍在卢旺达旅行者必须享受的一些体验。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Youwillfindhills,bats,birdwingsandriverspopularonthecloth(你会发现布上有受欢迎的山丘、蝙蝠、鸟翅膀和河流)”可知，在卢旺达首都基加利的Kimironko市场上展示的布料上面有各种图案。故选C。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Frommountaingorillasinthenorthtochimpanzeesinthesouth,RwandaishometosomeofAfrica’smostfascinatinganimals.Localguideshelptravelersexplorerainforestsandmountainareas.Thefirstpurpose-builtgorillaresearchandeducationcenterwascompletedherein2021.(从北部的山地大猩猩到南部的黑猩猩，卢旺达是非洲一些最迷人的动物的家园。当地导游帮助旅行者探索热带雨林和山区。第一个专门建造的大猩猩研究和教育中心于2021年在这里竣工。)”可知，IncredibleWildlifeEncounters适合动物爱好者们去游玩。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Don’tmissthelocalpeoplewhoperformatcommunitygatheringsandprofessionaldancersandmusicianswhotellthehistoryofthecountrytotravelersthroughdanceandmusic.(不要错过在社区聚会上表演的当地人，以及通过舞蹈和音乐向旅行者讲述国家历史的专业舞者和音乐家。)”可知，旅行者在卢旺达可以欣赏当地人的表演。故选D。BIn1998,professionalmusicianSpielbergwaspregnant(怀孕的)withtwingirlswhenshesufferedcomplications.Anemergencycesarean(剖腹产手术)wasperformedduringthe22ndweekofpregnancy.Sadly,oneofthetwinspassedaway,butValeriesurvived.Valeriewasbornweighingonly12ouncesandwasthesizeofacanofsoda.Shewassosmallthatshedidn’tmeetthehospital’sprematurebabyweightlimitnecessarytoreceivelife-savingtreatment.Akindnurseputafingeronthescaleandrecordedherweightat17ounces,justenoughtomakeherreceivemedicalsupport.Itwastouch-and-go.Tomakemattersworse,thehospitalwasveryloudandbusy.Spielbergthoughtitfeltmorelikeanemergencyroomthanahealingenvironment.Shewantedtodrownout(盖过)thenoisesofthehospital.Shecouldn’tbringherpiano,sosheplayedCDsforherdaughter.Amazingly,Valerieimproved.Heroxygensaturationlevelsincreased,herbloodpressurestabilized,andherheart’srhythmbecamemoresteady.Thiswasn’tafluke—ithappenedagainandagainforfourmonths.Anditaffectedalloftheotherbabiesintheroomaswell.Valerie’shealthcontinuedtoimproveaftermonthsofmusicandmedicalattention.Havingseentheamazingimpactmusichadonherbaby,Spielbergbeganworkingwithmusictherapists.Shealsovolunteeredinnursinghomeswheresheonceinspiredasilentmantospeakwithmusic.Theelderlyman’swifehadpassedawayandthepainseemedtoomuchforhimtohandle.Hehadcuthimselfofffromtheworldandhadn’tspokenin6months.WhenSpielbergunknowinglyplayedhisweddingsong,themanbrokeoutofhisshell.Hebegansingingandthenaskedtospeakwithhisfamily.Spielbergisstillaprofessionalmusician.Andthesedaysshealsoteachesandspeakstoaudiencesaboutthemagicofmusic.HerdaughterValerie,nowahealthyandhappyyoungwoman,hasbecomeamusicianherself,playingboththepianoandpercussion.4.WhatdoweknowaboutValeriefromparagraph2?A.Shewasingreatdanger. B.Shewasadoptedbyanurse.C.Shewastoosmalltobeweighed. D.Shewasgivenupbythehospital.5.Theunderlinedword“fluke”inparagraph4referstosomethingthatoccurs.A.suddenly B.quickly C.accidentally D.regularly6.Whatcausedthemanmentionedinparagraph6tobesilentformonths?A.Anillness. B.Aninjury. C.Havingnofriends. D.Losinghiswife.7.WhatdoesthetextintendtoshowusthroughSpielberg’sexperiences?A.Thepowerofmusic. B.Thevalueofmusic.C.Hermusicallife. D.Hermusicaltalent.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.D7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述音乐对医疗方面的好处。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Valeriewasbornweighingonly12ouncesandwasthesizeofacanofsoda.Shewassosmallthatshedidn’tmeetthehospital’sprematurebabyweightlimitnecessarytoreceivelife-savingtreatment.Akindnurseputafingeronthescaleandrecordedherweightat17ounces,justenoughtomakeherreceivemedicalsupport.(瓦莱丽出生时体重只有12盎司，只有一罐苏打水那么大。她太小了，没有达到医院规定的早产儿体重限制，无法接受挽救生命的治疗。一位好心的护士把一根手指放在磅秤上，记录下她的体重为17盎司，刚好足以让她接受医疗支持)”可推知，瓦莱丽出生时体重很轻，有生命危险。故选A。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Shecouldn’tbringherpiano,sosheplayedCDsforherdaughter.Amazingly,Valerieimproved.Heroxygensaturationlevelsincreased,herbloodpressurestabilized,andherheart’srhythmbecamemoresteady.Thiswasn’tafluke—ithappenedagainandagainforfourmonths.(她不能带钢琴，所以她给女儿播放CD。令人惊奇的是，瓦莱丽的情况改善了。她的血氧饱和度增加了，血压稳定了，心律也更稳定了。这不是fluke——这种情况一次又一次地发生了四个月)”可知，这一段讲述瓦莱丽的病情得到了改善，而且是一次又一次地发生了，所以不是偶然的意外事件，fluke的意思应该是“意外的事件”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第六段“Theelderlyman’swifehadpassedawayandthepainseemedtoomuchforhimtohandle.Hehadcuthimselfofffromtheworldandhadn’tspokenin6months.(老人的妻子去世了，他的痛苦似乎太大了。他已经与世界隔绝，6个月没有说话了)”可知，失去妻子这件事使老人6个月没有说话了。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Anditaffectedalloftheotherbabiesintheroomaswell.Valerie’shealthcontinuedtoimproveaftermonthsofmusicandmedicalattention.(它也影响了房间里的所有其他婴儿。经过数月的音乐和医疗护理，瓦莱丽的健康状况持续改善)”和第六段“WhenSpielbergunknowinglyplayedhisweddingsong,themanbrokeoutofhisshell.Hebegansingingandthenaskedtospeakwithhisfamily.(当斯皮尔伯格在不知情的情况下播放他的婚礼歌曲时，这个男人从他的壳里跳了出来。他开始唱歌，然后要求与家人交谈)”可推知，这篇文章主要讲述了音乐在医学治疗方面的好处。故选A。CGettingyourkidtobedatnightisoneofthemostdifficultthingsyou’lleverhavetodo.Mostkidsaresofullofenergythatthey’lltireyououtbeforethey’rehalfwaythroughtheirstoreofenergy.AneasywaytoencourageyourchildtogetintobedistogiveinandallowsomeiPadscreentime.However,asyou’veprobablyalreadyguessed,it’sreallynotagreatidea.ResearchersatArizonaStateUniversitycarriedoutastudywith547kidsbetweentheagesof7and9.Theirparentstrackedhowmuchscreentimethekidswereallowedalongwiththeirsleepingpatterns.Theyalsohadthekidswearwristwatchescalledactigraphsthatcouldhelpresearcherskeeptrackofhowlongthekidsweresleeping.Thestudyfoundthatkidswhodidnotengageinscreentimebeforebedsleptfor23moreminuteseveryweekandalsowenttosleepabout34minutesearlierthantheiriPad-usingcounterparts(同伴).Althoughthatmightnotseemlikesomuchmoretime,qualityofsleepisveryimportantinchildren’sdevelopment.The2018NationalYouthRiskBehaviorSurveyshowedthatgood-qualitysleepcaninfluenceachild’slifeinmanyways,includingaffectinggrades.Studentswithan“A”averagesleptfor30ormoreminutespernight(anaverageof6.71hours)thanthosewitha“D”or“F”average(averaging6.16hours).Ofcourse,gettingtosleepontimeandsleepingenoughhelpscontributetoimprovedperformanceinschool.Ashardasitis,it’sreallyimportantnottogiveinandhandoveraniPadtoachildwhoisabouttogotobed.Justlikeit’simportantforadultstogotosleepwithoutanydistractions(分心),it’sevenmoreimportantforkids.Theonecomfortingthoughtisthatfinallythey’lloutgrowthisstage,andsoonyou’llhavetoworryaboutwakingthemupasteenagers.8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Toexplainanidea. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tooffersomeadvice. D.Tosummarizethewholetext.9.Theresearchersfoundthatkids’usinganiPadbeforebed__________.A.affectedtheirhealthseriously B.contributedtotheirsleepinglateC.reducedtheirsleepingtimegreatly D.madenodifferencetotheirsleepingquality10.Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A.Thebenefitsofqualitysleep. B.Theprocessofthesurvey.C.Thewaysofimprovinggrades. D.Thedifferentperformancesofstudents.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetokids’screentimebeforebed?A.Unclear. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Negative.〖答案〗8.B9.B10.A11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现——在睡前让孩子花一些时间看iPad会影响孩子的睡眠质量。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“AneasywaytoencourageyourchildtogetintobedistogiveinandallowsomeiPadscreentime.However,asyou’veprobablyalreadyguessed,it’sreallynotagreatidea.(鼓励孩子上床睡觉的一个简单方法是让步，允许孩子花一些时间看iPad。然而，正如你可能已经猜到的那样，这真的不是一个好主意)”可推知，第一段的目的是引入主题。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段倒第二句“Thestudyfoundthatkidswhodidnotengageinscreentimebeforebedsleptfor23moreminuteseveryweekandalsowenttosleepabout34minutesearlierthantheiriPad-usingcounterparts(同伴).(研究发现，睡前不看屏幕的孩子每周多睡23分钟，而且比使用ipad的孩子早睡34分钟)”可知，研究人员发现，孩子们睡前使用iPad会导致他们睡得晚。故选B。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“The2018NationalYouthRiskBehaviorSurveyshowedthatgood-qualitysleepcaninfluenceachild’slifeinmanyways,includingaffectinggrades.(2018年全国青少年风险行为调查显示，高质量的睡眠可以在许多方面影响孩子的生活，包括影响成绩)”可知，第三段主要是讲高质量睡眠的好处。故选A。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Ashardasitis,it’sreallyimportantnottogiveinandhandoveraniPadtoachildwhoisabouttogotobed.(虽然很难，但重要的是不要屈服，不要把iPad交给一个即将上床睡觉的孩子)”可推知，作者对孩子睡前看屏幕的态度是消极的。故选D。DScientistsinAustraliathoughttheyhaddevelopedanewtrackingdevicetohelpthemmonitormagpies(喜鹊),butthesebirdshadotherideas.Australianmagpiesaremedium-sizedblackandwhitebirdsfromthesamebird“family“ascrowsandbluejays.Theyareknowntobequiteclever.Theyliveingroupsofupto12birdsandworktogethertodefendtheareatheylivein.Thepurposeofthescientists’experimentwastolearnmoreabouthowfartheytraveleachdayandhowtheirsocialbehaviorsareinfluencedbysex,age,andrank.Besides,thescientistswereeagertotestthenewlydevelopedtrackingdevice.Mosttrackersaretoobigtofitonsmallandmediumsizedbirds,andsmalltrackerstendtobelimitedwhenitcomestodatastorage,batterylife,andreusability.Thenewtracker,weighinglessthan1gram,wasdesignedtoovercometheseproblems.Attachedtoabackpack-likeharness(背带)whichcouldnotberemovedeasily,thedevicecanre-chargewirelesslyandtransmit(传输)datawirelessly.Thescientistsplacedtrackersonfivemagpiesusingtheirspecialharnesses.Thingsstartedtofallapartalmostimmediately.Within10minutesoffittingthefinaltracker,anadultfemalewithoutatrackertriedtoremovetheharnessfromayoungerbirdandeventuallysucceeded.Thispatternwasrepeatedinthefollowinghours,andbythethirddaynoneofthebirdshadtrackersanymore.Scientistsrefertothisas“rescuebehavior,”andithappenswhenahelpertriestofreeanotherindividualintroubleandwithnoobviousdirectbenefittotherescuingindividual.TheythinkthisisthefirsttimerescuebehaviorhasbeenreportedforAustralianmagpies.However,theyaren’tsureifthesameindividualremovedalloftheharnessesorifothersofferedhelp.Theteamdidn’tgetthedatatheywanted,buttheirexperimentstillproducedinterestingresults.That’showscienceworkssometimes.Thescientistsneedtotry,againtofigureoutagoodwaytotrackthesecleverbirds.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutAustralianmagpiesfromparagraph2?A.Theyoutsmartcrows. B.Theyaresocialspecies.C.Theyarerarelyspotted. D.Theylearnfromeachother.13.Whatisabigadvantageofthenewtrackingdevice?A.Itcanworkwithoutwires. B.Itcanbeappliedtoallbirds.C.Itdoesn’tcomeoffthebirds. D.Itdoesn’tneedtobere-charged.14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesapersonwith“rescuebehavior”?A.Polite. B.Brave. C.Honest. D.Selfless.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NewtrackingdevicesdisappointscientistsB.MagpiesprovetobeclevererthanscientistsC.MagpiesteachscientistsanunexpectedlessonD.Scienceexperimentsdon’talwaysgoasplanned〖答案〗12.B13.A14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述了澳大利亚科学家原本利用追踪器了解喜鹊的运动习性，但是却无意中发现了喜鹊的“合作救援”行为。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theyliveingroupsofupto12birdsandworktogethertodefendtheareatheylivein.(它们生活在多达12只鸟的群体中，共同保卫它们居住的地区)”可知，喜鹊是群居物种。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Attachedtoabackpack-likeharness(背带)whichcouldnotberemovedeasily,thedevicecanre-chargewirelesslyandtransmit(传输)datawirelessly.(该设备连接在背包状的背带上，不易拆卸，可以无线充电，无线传输数据)”可知，新的追踪设备有点是可以无线工作，故选A。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Scientistsrefertothisas‘rescuebehavior,’andithappenswhenahelpertriestofreeanotherindividualintroubleandwithnoobviousdirectbenefittotherescuingindividual.(科学家把这种行为称为‘救援行为’，当一个帮助者试图解救另一个陷入困境者，而对救援者没有明显的直接好处时，就会发生这种行为)”可知，“救援行为”是一个帮助者试图解救另一个陷入困境者，而对救援者没有直接的好处，由此推知这种行为是无私的，故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段中“TheythinkthisisthefirsttimerescuebehaviorhasbeenreportedforAustralianmagpies.(他们认为这是第一次报道澳大利亚喜鹊的救援行为)”和最后一段中“Theteamdidn’tgetthedatatheywanted,buttheirexperimentstillproducedinterestingresults.(研究小组没有得到他们想要的数据，但他们的实验仍然产生了有趣的结果)”可知，本文主要说明了澳大利亚科学家原本利用追踪器了解喜鹊的运动习性，但是却无意中发现了喜鹊的“合作救援”行为。C项“喜鹊给科学家上了一堂意想不到的课”为最佳标题，故选C。第二节(共S小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weallknowthegoldenrule:treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Thisisanoldproverbwelearnfromanearlyage.___16___Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyoudosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,itmakesyoufeelbettertoo?Thisisn’tjustsomethingthathappensrandomly(随机地).___17___Doingnicethingsforothersincreasesyourserotonin(血清素),whichisresponsibleforfeelingsofsatisfactionandwell-being.___18___Whilethereareseveralwaystoreduceanxiety,itturnsoutthatbeingnicetootherscanbeoneoftheeasiest,mostinexpensivewaystokeepanxietyatbay.UniversityofBritishColumbiaresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhoengagedinkindactsdisplayedsignificantincreasesinpositiveafct(积极情感)thatlastedoverthefourweeksoftheirstudy.So,thenexttimeyou’refeelinganxious,lookforopportunitiestohelpothers.Makingothersfeelgoodcan“warm”yourheart,sure—butbeingnicetootherscanalsoaffecttheactualchemicalbalanceofyourheart.Kindnessreleasesthehormoneoxytocinwhichreducesbloodpressureandthereforeprotectstheheart.___19___Maybethat’swhytheysaynice,caringpeoplehavereallybighearts.Kindnesscanhelpyoulivelonger.Youmaybeshakingyourheadatthisone,butthere’ssciencetobackitup.AccordingtoH,you’reatagreaterriskofheartdiseaseifyoudon’thaveastrongnetworkoffamilyandfriends.Whenyou’rekindtoothers,youdevelopstrong,meaningfulrelationshipsandfriendships.___20___A.Anxietyisanextremelycommonhumanexperience.B.Thisbehaviorcanhelpyouhandlestressfulsituations.C.Kindnessstrengthensyourheartphysicallyandemotionally.D.Ithassomethingtodowiththepleasurecentersinyourbrain.E.Besidesimprovingpersonalrelationships,kindnesscanmakeyouhealthier.F.So,makesomenewfriends,orexpandyourkindnesstotheonesyoualreadyhave.G.However,thereareanumberofreal-lifebenefitsconnectedwiththewaywetreatothers.〖答案〗16.G17.D18.A19.C20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了对别人善良带给自己的好处。【16题详析】上文“Weallknowthegoldenrule:treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Thisisanoldproverbwelearnfromanearlyage.(我们都知道一条黄金法则：己所不欲，勿施于人。这是我们从小学到的一句古老谚语)”提到一句古老的谚语：己所不欲，勿施于人，下文讲述了对别人好带给自己的好处，G项“然而，在现实生活中，我们对待他人的方式会给我们带来很多好处”符合语境，和上文形成转折关系，引出下文内容，故选G。【17题详析】上文“Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyoudosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,itmakesyoufeelbettertoo?Thisisn’tjustsomethingthathappensrandomly(随机地).(你有没有注意到，当你为别人做一些好事时，你也会感觉更好？这不是随机发生的事情)”提到，为别人做好事自己也会感觉更好，这不是随机发生的事情，空处应是对此进行科学解释，D项“这与你大脑中的快乐中枢有关”符合语境，下文“Doingnicethingsforothersincreasesyourserotonin(血清素),whichisresponsible.forfeelingsofsatisfactionandwell-being.(为别人做好事会增加你的血清素，这是满足感和幸福感的来源)”是对D项进一步解释，故选D。【18题详析】根据下文“Whilethereareseveralwaystoreduceanxiety,itturnsoutthatbeingnicetootherscanbeoneoftheeasiest,mostinexpensivewaystokeepanxietyatbay.(虽然有几种方法可以减少焦虑，但事实证明，善待他人是最简单、最便宜的控制焦虑的方法之一)”可知，本段和焦虑有关，A项“焦虑是一种极其普遍的人类体验”符合语境，故选A。【19题详析】根据上文“Kindnessreleasesthehormoneoxytocinwhichreducesbloodpressureandthereforeprotectstheheart.(善良会释放催产素，从而降低血压，保护心脏)”以及下文“Maybethat’swhytheysaynice,caringpeoplehavereallybighearts.(也许这就是为什么人们说善良、有爱心的人都心胸宽广)”可知，空处和上文并列，说明善良的好处，C项“善良在身体和情感上都能增强你的心灵”符合语境，故选C。【20题详析】根据上文“Whenyou’rekindtoothers,youdevelopstrong,meaningfulrelationshipsandfriendships.(当你善待他人时，你会建立起牢固而有意义的关系和友谊)”可知，对别人善良可以建立起有意义的关系和友谊，空处位于段末，是总结上文，F项“所以，交一些新朋友，或者把你的善意扩展到你已经拥有的人身上”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OfficerJoshuaScaglioneoftheWestland,MichiganPoliceDepartmentwasondutywhenhespottedDell’sImpaladrivingwithtinted(染色)windows.___21___hissiren(警笛)andflickingonthelights,hepulledthecarovertoaskaboutthe___22___windows.ItwasthenthatOfficerScaglione___23___3-year-oldLaureninthebackofthevehicle—andwithoutababycarseat.ThepoliceofficeraskedDellwhyhis3-year-olddaughterwasnot___24___inacarseat.Themanansweredashefoughtback___25___,explainingthatitwasduetosomehardtimes.DelltoldSeaglionehowfinancially(经济上)hehadbeen___26___tokeephishouseholdabovewater,andthatthingslikecarseatsweregivenalow___27___belownecessitieslikegasandfood.Theofficerlistened,ashetookpityonthemanwhoseemedtojustwantto___28___hisfamily.HethenaskedDelltofollowhimtothelocalWalmart,wherethepoliceofficer___29___andpaidforaseattogivetoDellandhisdaughter.___30___,DellpostedhisexperienceonFacebookinorderto___31___theofficerandhispostwentviralinthearea.“I’vebeenina___32___situationlikethisguybefore,”Scaglionesaid.“I___33___it’dbebettertohelphimoutandjustraisemore___34___aboutcarsafetyratherthangivehima___35___thatwoulddighimdeeperinaholeandmakethingsworseforhim.”21.A.Puttingdown B.Checkingout C.Settingup D.Turingon22.A.closed B.broken C.illegal D.wrong23.A.met B.saw C.recognized D.caught24.A.riding B.driving C.playing D.sleeping25.A.tears B.anger C.surprise D.worries26.A.preparingB.managing C.struggling D.expecting27.A.rating B.mark C.price D.priority28.A.impact B.support C.comfort D.save29.A.staredat B.pickedout C.liftedup D.saton30.A.Satisfied B.Astonished C.Touched D.Excited31.A.encourage B.pay C.contact D.thank32.A.boring B.dangerous C.tough D.special33.A.figured B.remembered C.discoveredD.admitted34.A.questions B.awareness C.doubts D.money35.A.fine B.lesson C.beating D.shock〖答案〗21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.C27.D28.B29.B30.C31.D32.C33.A34.B35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了密歇根州Westland市警察局的警官JoshuaScaglione帮助一位经济拮据的父亲购买儿童座椅的故事。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他打开警笛，打开车灯，把车停在路边，询问非法窗户的情况。A.Puttingdown扑灭；B.Checkingout结账离开；C.Settingup建立；D.Turingon打开。根据“flickingonthelights”及语境可知，JoshuaScaglione在执勤时发现异常情况，故应是打开警笛，故选D。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.closed关闭的；B.broken破碎的；C.illegal非法的；D.wrong错误的。根据上文“Dell’sImpaladrivingwithtinted(染色)windows”可知，Dell的车窗染了色，是非法的。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，Scaglione警官看到3岁的Lauren坐在车后座上，而且没有婴儿安全座椅。A.met遇见；B.saw看见；C.recognized认识，辨别出；D.caught抓捕。根据“3-year-oldLaureninthebackofthevehicle—andwithoutababycarseat”可知，此处是警官看到的情景，故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位警察问Dell为什么他3岁的女儿没有坐在汽车座椅上。A.riding骑，搭乘；B.driving驾驶；C.playing玩；D.sleeping睡觉。结合空后的“inacarseat”可知，此处指“坐在汽车座椅上”，用动词ride，故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人强忍着眼泪回答说，这是由于一些艰难的时期。A.tears眼泪；B.anger生气；C.surprise惊讶；D.worries担心。根据“explainingthatitwasduetosomehardtimes”可知，由于经历着艰难时期，他应是强忍泪水。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dell告诉Seaglione，他在经济上是如何挣扎着让他的家庭摆脱困境，而汽车座椅等东西的优先级低于汽油和食物等必需品。A.preparing准备；B.managing管理，设法完成；C.struggling努力，艰难地行进；D.expecting期待。结合上文“itwasduetosomehardtimes”可知，Dell在经济方面很艰难，故选C。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.rating等级；B.mark记号；C.price价格；D.priority优先级，重点。结合语境及空后“belownecessitieslikegasandfood”可知，Dell在经济方面很拮据，此处指汽车座椅等物品的优先级低于汽油和食品等必需品，故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：警官听着，同情这个似乎只想养家糊口的人。A.impact影响；B.support支持，养活；C.comfort安慰；D.save挽救，节省。根据上文“DelltoldSeaglionehowfinancially(经济上)hehadbeen______tokeephishouseholdabovewater”可知，Dell努力养家糊口，故选B。【29题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他让Dell跟着他去当地的沃尔玛，这位警察在那里为Dell和他的女儿挑选了一个座位，并付了钱。A.staredat凝视，盯着看；B.pickedout挑选；C.liftedup抬起，举起；D.saton拖延。根据“paidforaseattogivetoDellandhisdaughter”可知，此处指挑选一个座椅并付了钱，故选B。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dell深受感动，为了感谢这位警官，他把自己的经历发到了脸书上，他的帖子在当地疯传。A.Satisfied满意的；B.Astonished惊讶的；C.Touched感动的；D.Excited兴奋的，激动的。结合上文内容可知，Scaglione为Dell的女儿买汽车座椅，Dell应是深受感动，故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.encourage鼓励；B.pay支付；C.contact联系；D.thank感谢。根据语境及“DellpostedhisexperienceonFacebook”可知，Scaglione帮助了Dell，Dell把自己的经历发到了脸书上应是为了感谢Scaglione，故选D。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我以前遇到过像这个人一样的困难情况，”Scaglione说。A.boring令人厌烦的；B.dangerous危险的；C.tough艰难的；D.special特殊的。根据“likethisguybefore”可知，Scaglione以前也像Dell一样困难，故选C。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想最好是帮助他，提高他对汽车安全的认识，而不是给他罚款，这会让他越陷越深，让事情变得更糟。A.figured认为，认定；B.remembered想起，记得；C.discovered发现；D.admitted承认。结合“it’dbebettertohelphimout…”可知，此处指Scaglione认为最好是帮助他，而不是罚款，故选A。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.questions问题；B.awareness意识；C.doubts怀疑；D.money钱。根据“aboutcarsafety”和语境可知，给Dell买安全座椅是为了提高他的安全意识，故选B。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.fine罚款；B.lesson功课，教训；C.beating惨败；D.shock震惊。根据语境及空后“thatwoulddighimdeeperinaholeandmakethingsworseforhim”可知，Dell有一些违反交通规则之处，让事情变得更糟糕的是对他罚款，故选A。第二节(共5小题:每小题1分，满分5分)根据首字母〖提示〗或汉语意思，在句子的空白处写出各单词的完全形式。36.Don’tforgettoa________astamptotheenvelopebeforeyoumailit.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗attach/ttach【详析】考查动词和动词不定式。句意：别忘了在信封上贴邮票再寄出去。根据“astamptotheenvelope”和首字母a可知，此处是指在信封上贴邮票，所以应用动词attach表示“贴”。forgettodo意为“忘记做某事”，用todo不定式作宾语。故填attach。37.Havingknownhersonreturnedhomesafeandsound,shesighedwithr____