2020-2021学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修2学案：Unit1 Science and Scientists SectionⅡ 含答案

SectionIILearningAboutLanguage（Grammar）

基础知识预习自检

®重点词汇

1.thinks思考；认为一thinkingn.思想；思维；见解fthinker〃.思想家

2.find。.发现；找到-finding发现；调查结果；（法律）判决

3.solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体一solidlyaQ.坚固地；结实

地

4.subscribevi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）fsubscriber（报刊

的）订阅人，订购者；（慈善机关等的）定期捐款者

5.substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的fsubstantially或也大量地，

可观地

6.statisticn.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学一statisticaladj.统计的；

统计学的fstatistically。曲.统计地；统计上地

7.infectvt.使感染；传染一~infection〃.感染；传染finfectiousa3.传染性

的，感染的

8.proof/?.证据；证明；检验fprovea证明；检验

9.theoreticalframework理论框架

10.ahouseholdname家喻户晓的名字

11.sideeffect副作用

®教材原句

1.Hewas（应承担责任）theaccidentbecausehedrove

onthewrongsideoftheroad.

答案：toblamefor

2.Sinceheartdiseaseisoften（将.连接起来）our

lifestylechoices,weneedtomakehealthylivinganimportantpartofourlives.

答案：linkedto

3.Manyscientists（赞同）theviewthatitishumanactivity

thathascausedglobalwarming.

答案：subscribeto

4.Heusedhisgreatinfluencetochangethethinkingofthe

（科学界）onthisissue.

答案：scientificcommunity

5.UKscientistsbelievetheymayhavefoundawaytofightthe

（普通感冒）.

答案:commoncold

6.Researchersareworkingonmakingaformofmedicinethatcanbetaken

directlyintooneslungs,（为了降低）thechanceofsideeffects.

答案：todecrease

7.WhatJohnSnow（向世界展示）washow

choleracouldbeovercome.

答案：showedtotheworld

8.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854

（爆发霍乱）inLondon?

答案：outbreakofcholera

9.Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsome

（扎实的工作）.

答案：solidwork

10.Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthe（关键特征）of

whatwecallscience.

答案：keycharacteristics

重点知识合作探究

1virusn.病毒（教材P4）

归纳

拓展

①DoyouhavevirusprotectionsoftwareonyourPC?

你的电脑有防毒软件吗？

②Weshouldbewatchfulofcomputervirus.

我们应该警惕计算机病毒。

③Therearemanydifferentstrainsoffluvirus.

流感病毒有很多不同类型。

O即景活用

单句写作

①能帮帮我吗？我电脑中病毒了。

Couldyoudomeafavor?Mycomputersufferedfrom.

②全班几乎人人都染上了流感病毒。

Theinfectedalmosttheentireclass.

答案：©computervirus②fluvirus

2initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的（教材P5）

归纳

拓展

①Thismayrequirealargeamountofmaterialtobetransportedtothearea,at

leastattheinitialstage.

可能需要运往这个地区大量物资，至少在最初的阶段是这样的。

②Iftherepositoryisnew,youwillbepromptedtocreateandinitializeit.

如果该存储库是新的，则会提示您对其进行创建和初始化。

©Forecasterssaythegalesmaynotbeasbadastheyinitiallypredicted.

预报员说大风也许不像他们起初预报的那么猛烈。

O即景活用

单句写作

①我最初的反应是要拒绝这个提议。

Mywastodeclinetheoffer.

②开始时系统运转良好。

,thesystemworkedwell.

答案：①initialreaction②Initially

(T)Itisbecauseheisillthathecan，tcome.

是因为生病他才来不了。

②Isitbecauseheisillthathecan，tcome?

是因为生病他才来不了吗？

③Whyisitthathecan，tcome?

他究竟为什么不能来？

[Z即景活用

⑴单句语法填空

①ItwasyesterdaywemetLiPing.

②WasitonSundayhegaveGeorgethisticket?

答案：①that②that

⑵单句写作

①他是昨天见到李平的吗？

WasithemetLiPing?

②你究竟是何时何地出生的？

Whenandwhereyouwereborn?

答案：（l）yesterdaythat②wasitthat

Grammer----表语从句

o思维#图・))

在句子中担当表语的从句就是表语从句

从属连同whether,as,asif?though

从属连词because,why

连接代词who,whom,whose,whal,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

连接副词where,when,how,why

从属连词that

表潘从句一定要用陈述语序

不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)

表语从句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致

出at在表语从句中不可以省掉

O语法体验

单句语法填空

1.（2019•全国卷^）Thisismotivationorthelackofitcando.

答案：what

2.（2019-天津高考）Thisiseveryonelearnedtoread.

答案：how

3.Thereareblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksitisgoingtorain.

答案：asif

4.Itsoundsourplanseemstobeperfect.

答案：that

5.Thatishewasborn.

答案：where

6.Thatispeopleinthosecountriestaketheirvacationsonlywhen

thereisaholiday.

答案：because

❷语法讲座

一、概念

在句子中担当表语的从句就是表语从句。通常位于连系动词之后。

二、引导词

1.从属连词whether,as,asif/though

Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.

问题是敌人是否向我们进军。

Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.

听起来好像有人在敲门。

2.从属连词because,why

That'sbecausethepriceofrawmaterialshasgoneup.

那是因为原材料的价格上涨了。（强调原因）

That'swhyhegotangrywithme.

那正是他对我生气的原因。（强调结果）

创财信❿

名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用

becauseo

3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.

他已经成为他十年前想成为的样子。

Theruleiswhoeverfailstodotheworkwellwillbefired.

这里的规定是不管没有做好工作的是谁都得被开除。

4.连接副词where,when,how,why

Theproblemiswhenwecaogetapayrise.

问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。

Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.

去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放它的地方。

5.从属连词that

ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2019•江苏高考)Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshave

extraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.

人类的第一个独特特征是，与其他动物相比，人类的大脑特别大。

三、注意

1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序

Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.(X)

Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.(V)

问题是他什么时候能到旅馆。

2.不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)

Allshe'sworriedaboutisifheisallright.(X)

Allshe'sworriedaboutiswhetherheisallright.(V)

她所担心的只是他是否安然无恙。

3.表语从句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致

Itseemsasifhedidn'tknowtheanswer.

好像他不知道答案。

ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.

问题是明天谁和我一起去北京。

4.that在表语从句中不可以省掉

WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.

我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that

作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)

S3趁热打铁

⑴单句语法填空

①(2019•浙江高考)Onethingtorememberisifstheprocessnotthe

endproductthatmatters.

②ThatisstonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEngland

fields.

(3)Thequestion,pureandsimple,isyouwillsupportme.

④ShehasremainedIstoodyesterdayfbranhour.

⑤Thequestioniswhyhe(cry)yesterday.

答案：①that②why③whether④where⑤cried

(2)单句写作

①问题是我们缺钱。

Thetroubleweareshortofmoney.

②那就是我想要对你讲的。

ThatIwanttotellyou.

③看来他的意图是好的。

Itwouldhisintentionwasgood.

④他今天好像不怎么舒服。

Itheisnotquitehimselftoday.

⑤他好像已经明白了这个问题。

Ithehadunderstoodthisquestion.

答案：①isthat②iswhat③appearthat④seemsthat⑤lookedasif

学习效果随堂演练

I.单词拼写

1.Nopictureswereallowedtobehungonthewallsoftheprison(牢

房).

答案：cell

2.Thereportprovidesa（框架）forfurtherresearch.

答案：framework

3.Peas,beansandlentilsareagoodsourceofvegetable（蛋白质）.

答案：protein

4.Thereisno（疫苗）againstHIVinfection.

答案：vaccine

5.Thisprovideda（坚实的）foundationfortheirmarriage.

答案:solid

II.单句语法填空

1.Maybethisishewassosuccessful:hewasalwayshonestwith

himself.

答案：why

2.Weshouldhaveverylittledifficultygettinghimroundtoourwayof

（think）.

答案：thinking

3.Itlooksitisimpossibletostophimfromfinishingrunningthelast

200metres.

答案：that

4.Heisnolongerhewas.

答案:what

5.Thegovernmenthopesthecourtwillannounceits（find）beforethe

endofthemonth.

答案：finding

HL单句写作

1.问题是这部电影是否值得看。

Thequestionthefilmisworthseeing.

答案:iswhether

2.据说黑客们已经开始传播一种新的电脑病毒。

Hackersaresaidtohavestartedanew.

答案:computervirus

3.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。

__________________Ifirstmether.

答案：That'swhere

4.首先，我们要设计好分析的理论框架。

First,weshoulddesigntheforouranalysis.

答案：theoreticalframework

5.据说初期的反应非常好。

It'ssaidthehasbeenexcellent.

答案：initialreaction

课后课时作业

I阅读

A

（2020.四川省绵阳南山中学高三上一诊）Breathingdirtyaircomesatahigh

price.Airpollutionlowerstheaveragelifespansbyayearworldwideandinmore

pollutedpartsofAsiaandAfrica,dirtyairshorten刊'livesuptotwicethatmuch.

ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.

Thestudyuseddatagatheredin2016aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurden

ofDiseaseandwasthefirstmajorcountry-by-countrylookattheconnectionbetween

thelengthoflifeandwhat，sknownasfinePM.

Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshad

lookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.JoshuaApteisan

environmentalscientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Bylookingatlife

expectancy^2,histeamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5is

whatscientistscalltinyparticlesofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5can

causehealthproblemsandcutmonths,ifnotyears,fromtheaveragelengthoflife.

Thisanalysisshowshowpollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsofthe

world.

TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10

microgramspercubicmeterofair.Apte'sgroupcalculated^3howholdingpollution

tothislowlevelwouldhelppeople.Incountrieswithverydirtyair,meetingthis

standardwouldlengthenpeople'slives.However,incountrieswhoseairalready

meetsthisstandard,thestudyshowsnogaininlifeexpectancy.Inotherwords,

meetingtheWHOstandardwon'treducehealthcostsresultingfromydirtyairbecause

evenbelow10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.

Meanwhile,thescientistscomparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancer

shortenthelengthoflifeacrosstheglobe.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们在环境科学与技术

快报中分享了他们的新发现，他们发现空气污染影响人类的寿命。

1.Whatisspecialaboutthestudy?

A.Itwonrecognitionfromaprofessionaljournal.

B.Itdiscussedhealthproblemscausedbyairpollution.

C.ItgatheredlotsofdatafortheGlobalBurdenofDisease.

D.ItanalyzedthelinkbetweenlifespansandPMbycountry.

答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Thestudyuseddatagatheredin

2016aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseandwasthefirst

majorcountry-by-countrylookattheconnectionbetweenthelengthoflifeandwhat's

knownasfinePM.”可知，这个研究项目按国家分析了寿命与PM之间的联系，

故选D。

2.WhatisJoshuaApte'steamtryingtodo?

A.Helppeoplebetterunderstandairpollution.

B.Studylifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

C・Knowhowsmallairpollutantsaffecthealth.

D.Dealwithdifferentkindsofhealthproblems.

答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第四句"Bylookingatlifeexpectancy,his

teamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.”可知，JoshuaApte的团队试

图帮助人们更好地了解空气污染对人们寿命的影响，故选Ao

3.WhatwillhappenifacountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeter

ofair?

A.PeopleJslifespanswillsurelyincrease.

B.ItwillgetstrongsupportfromtheWHO.

C-People5shealthmaynotbemuchimproved.

D.Itwillguaranteepeoplecleanair.

答案：C细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句"Inotherwords,meetingthe

WHOstandardwon，treducehealthcostsresultingfromdirtyairbecauseevenbelow

10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.”（换句话说，达至ij

WHO标准不会降低因脏空气造成的健康成本，因为即使每立方米低于10微克，

污染仍然会带来严重的风险。）可知，如果一个国家将PM2.5限制在每立方米空

气中10微克，人们的健康状况可能没有太大改善，故选C。

4.Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Howcleaninguptheaircanlengthenlives.

B.Howairpollutionshortenslivesbycountry.

C.Howotherthreatsshortenlifeexpectancy.

D.Howallthecountriesdealwithseverepollution.

答案：c推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Meanwhile,thescientists

comparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancershortenthelengthoflife

acrosstheglobe.”可知，接下来可能会讨论其他威胁人类预期寿命的因素，故选C。

W重点单词

1.shortena（使）变短,缩短

2.expectancyn.预料；预期

3.calculatev.计算；核算

P重点短语

resultfrom产生于...;由....弓|起

----------------基础—决定—高度----------------

B

MichaelFaradaywasthesonofablacksmith.Therewerefourchildreninhis

family,andwithhisfatheroftenillandunabletowork,MichaelFaradayhadtoearn

hislivingfromanearlyage.Thismeantlittleornoschooling.However,thefamily

belongedtoareligious^xgroup,andFaradaylearnttoreadandwriteatSunday

School.

Whenhewasonlyfourteen,Faradayfoundajobasabookbinder.Heusedtoread

thebookshewasgiventobindandhebecameveryinterestedinthescientificbooks,

particularlytheonesaboutelectricity.Hisinterestsoontookapracticalpathandhe

beganconductinghisownexperiments.ThesewereverybasicbecauseFaradayhadto

makeallofhisequipmenthimself.However,hewasverycarefulandkeptaclear

writtenrecordofallhisfindings.

OnedayhewasgivenanentrancetickettotheRoyalInstituteofChemistry

Lecture,givenbyHumphryDavy.Determinedtoworkforthisgreatscientist,hesent

Davyajobapplicationandincludedhislaboratoryreportsontheexperimentshehad

carriedoutp.In1813DavyofferedFaradayajobasoneofhislaboratoryassistants.

Faradaylearntquicklyandsoonwasrecognizedasaveryableanalyticalchemist.

LaterhewenttoworkattheRoyalInstitute.

MichaelFaradaywas,perhaps,thegreatestpracticalscientistofthe19thcentury.

Asachemist,hediscoveredthebenzene（苯），whichisnowthefocalpointofchemical

study.Healsoproved^2therelationshipbetweenelectricityandchemicalbonding.As

aphysicist,heinventedthedynamo,whichledtothelaterinventionoftheelectric

motor.Healsodiscoveredtheeffectofmagnetism（磁）onlightrays.

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了MichaelFaraday（迈克尔・法拉第）

如何成长为一名伟大的科学家（物理学家及化学家）以及他在物理和化学领域取得

的研究成果。

5.WhydidFaradayattendSundaySchool?

A.Hehadtoworkforabookbinderatweekdays.

B.Hehopedtoreadmanyofthescientificbooksthere.

C.Hewouldliketolearnreligiousknowledge.

D.Hisfamilycouldn，taffordhisnormalschooleducation.

答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句至段尾“Therewerefourchildrenin

hisfamily,andwithhisfatheroftenillandunabletowork,MichaelFaradayhadto

earnhislivingfromanearlyage.Thismeantlittleornoschooling.However,the

familybelongedtoareligiousgroup,andFaradaylearnttoreadandwriteatSunday

Schoo「可知，Faraday年幼时家境贫寒，上不起正规的学校，只好上了主日学校。

故选D。

6.Whenworkingasabookbinder,Faraday.

A.publishedhisgreatfindingsonelectricity

B.madehisownequipmentforhisexperiments

C.readmanybooksbyHumphryDavy

D.gainedhisfameasapracticalscientist

答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句"Hisinterestsoontooka

practicalpathandhebeganconductinghisownexperiments.Thesewereverybasic

becauseFaradayhadtomakeallofhisequipmenthimself.”可知,Faraday做图书装订

工作的时候，为自己的实验亲自动手制作实验器材。故选B。

7.InordertogetachancetoworkforDavy,Faraday.

A.boughtticketstoattendDavy'slecture

B.senthisexperimentreportstoDavy

C・wenttotheRoyalInstitutetovisitDavy

D.offeredtodolaboratoryworkfbrfree

答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Determinedtoworkforthisgreat

scientist,hesentDavyajobapplicationandincludedhislaboratoryreportsonthe

experimentshehadcarriedout.”可知，为了能为Davy工作，Faraday递交了自己的

实验报告。故选B。

8.WhichofthefollowingistherightorderofFaraday5slife?

a.Alaboratoryassistant.

b.AstudentofSundaySchool.

c.Abookbinder.

d.Ananalyticalchemist.

A.a-b-c-dB.b-c-d-a

C.b—c—a—dD.c—b—a—d

答案：C细节理解题。纵观全文可知，Faraday先是在主日学校学习，后来

成为图书装订工，然后又做了实验室助理，最后成为了一名分析化学家。故选C。

W重点单词

1.religiousadj.宗教的2.provev.证明；证实

P重点短语

carryout实施；执行

n七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

两项为多余选项。

HowtoBecomeaScientist

Hereissomeadviceforstudentswhothinktheymightliketobecomescientists.

]Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotobecomeagoodscientistis

topracticewatchingeverythingcarefully.Findacomfortablechairandputitinthe

middleofyourgardenorapark.Sitinthechairforthirtyminutesoranhour.Watch

theinsectsthatflypastorlandontheplants.Lookattheshapesofleavesandbranches.

Listentothesoundsofinsects.2Useamicroscopetolookcloselyatinteresting

objects.

Learneverythingyoucanaboutatopicthatinterestsyou.Supposeyou'dliketo

exploreflowersbyusingamicroscope.Gotothelibraryandcheckoutsomeflower

books.SeewhatyoucanfindontheInternet.Picksomeflowersandcarefullytake

themapart.3Themoreyouknowaboutflowersfromreadingaboutthemand

observingthem,themoreyou'11understandwhenyoulookatthemwithamicroscope.

Askforhelpfromaknowledgeableperson.Afteryou'velearnedeverythingyou

canonyourown,asksomeoneelsetohelpwithquestionsyoustillhave.Maybe

thereJssomeoneatanearbyschoolormuseumwhoknowsaboutinsects,spiders,or

somethingelseyou，dliketolearnabout.4

Findascientisttotalktoorfindaplacewherescientificresearchisbeingdone.If

youstillwanttolearnmore,youcanfindascientisttotalktoatanearbyuniversity,or

researchstation.5Explainwhatyou，reinterestedin.Askifyoucanschedulea

timetovisit.Mostscientistsarehappytotalktostudentswhosharetheirpassionfor

science.

A.Becomeanobserver.

B.Youmaygoseekanswersfromhim.

C.Writealetterorane-mailmessagetothescientist.

D.ResearchyourquestionsusingtheInternetorlibrary.

E.Seeifyoucanfindasightorsoundthatsurprisesyou.

F.Useamicroscopetoseehoweverythingfitstogether.

G.Beingascientististime-consumingandmentallydemanding.

错误！

1.A根据后面的"Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotobecomea

goodscientististopracticewatchingeverythingcarefUHy.”（练习仔细观察一切是你

为了成为一名科学家而所能做到的最重要的事情之一。）可知本题答案为A选项

”成为一名观察者”。

2.E根据前面的"Lookattheshapesofleavesandbranches.Listentothe

soundsofinsects「(观察叶子和树枝的形状，倾听昆虫的声音。)可知本题答案为E

选项“看你是否能找到一种让你感到惊奇的景象或者是声音”。

3.F太艮据后面的“Themoreyouknowaboutflowersfromreadingaboutthem

andobservingthem,themoreyou，11understandwhenyoulookatthemwitha

microscope『(从阅读和观察中你对花了解越多，当你用显微镜观察它们的时候你

就会明白更多。)可知本题答案为F选项“用显微镜观察(花朵里的)一切是如何结

合在一起的”。

4.B根据前面的"Maybethere,ssomeoneatanearbyschoolormuseumwho

knowsaboutinsects,spiders,orsomethingelseyou'dliketolearnabout."(或许附近

的学校或者是博物馆里有人了解昆虫、蜘蛛或者是其他你想知道的东西。)可知本

题答案为B选项“你可以去向