(英语)高考专题讲义 语法填空

高考英语专题讲义【语法填空（2）】纯空格题之解题技巧：指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题。这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。冠词来说相对比较容易判断，介词主要考查学生的积累以及对介词本身用法的了解。方法探究1：边做边悟：请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程写出来。在做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。1.（2012）Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，wearingsunglasses…“Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?”theteacherasked.Thenewboyshookhishead.“ThenI'dappreciateitifyoudidn'tweartheminclass.IliketolookatyoureyeswhenI'mspeakingtoyou.”Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhattheboywoulddo.Thenhetook_______off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“Thatiscool"·2.（2011）Behindhimwereotherpeopletowhomhewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutes________walkedawayandsatnearme，lookingannoyed.3.（2011）Irosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehadanamazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I'mgladImadeachoice.Itmade________ofusfeelgood.4.（2011）Heaskedhisteacher，"Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike_____?”5.（2009）…althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile，sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease_________.6.（2009）JanewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstoreSherememberedhowdifficult_______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.7.（2008）Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty（960-1279）wasveryanxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout_______dayandnight.8.（2007）IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_________．【归纳总结】当句子缺主语或宾语时，填________________.因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就该填代词。此时，要根据前后语境偏看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填____________（如第3题）等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的____________（如第6题），替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。【特别提醒】请多注意不定代词如：other,others,another,both,some等的用法。方法探究2：边做边悟：请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程写出来。做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。1.(2013)Nick’sguests,_________hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.2.(2013)Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceofit;neithertoomuch________toolittle.3.（2012）________hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback，hewaswrong.4.（2012）Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim，theyhadtolookatMary，__________madeherfeellikeastar.5.（2012）Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered________theboywoulddo.6.（2011）Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme_______thebusarrived.7.（2011）Behindhimwereotherpeopleto_________hewastryingtotalk，…8.（2010）Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder________hadbeenhisteacher.9.（2010）Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.10.（2009）Janepausedinfrontofacounter________someattractivetieswereondisplay.11.(2008）Oneday，hecameupwithanidea_________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.12.（2008）Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday，________hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow"higher.【归纳总结】当空格前后都是句子（一个主谓关系算一个句子），且这两个句子之间没有关联词时（两句之间是逗号或无标点），填__________；若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的并列连词。具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。若是句子与句子之间，还要分析整个句子的结构，分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型（在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是_________从句；作定语叫定语从句；表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫_________从句），以及引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点（如引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的；引导名词性从句的关联词，that没有任何意思也不作任何句子成分，即句子结构和意思完整时即填_________，而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分，who,whom,which,when,where,how等则有意思也作句子成分）来决定。【特别提醒】注意1：在非限制性定语从句中，which指代逗号前“整件事情”的用法。注意2：注意状语从句中until,before,after,when的用法。【参考答案】方法1：1.them2.they3.both4.it5.him6.it7.it8.her【归纳总结】代词；不定代词；it方法2:1.who2.nor3.If4.which5.that6.until7.whom8.who9.when10.where11.that12.But【归纳总结】关联词；名词性；状语；that【巩固练习】(1)Acertainmanplantedaroseandwatereditfaithfullyandbeforeitblossomed,heexaminedit.Hesawthebud(16)________wouldsoonblossom,butnoticedthornsuponthestemandhethought,"Howcananybeautifulflowercome(17)________aplantburdenedwithsomanysharpthorns?"Saddenedbythisthought,heneglectedtowatertherose,andjust(18)________itwasreadytobloom...itdied.Soitis(19)________manypeople.Withineverysoulthereis(20)________rose.TheGod-likequalitiesplantedinusatbirth,growamidthethornsofourfaults.Manyofuslookat(21)________andseeonlythethorns,thedefects.Wedespair,thinkingthat(22)________goodcanpossiblycomefromus.Weneglecttowaterthegoodwithinus,andeventually(23)________dies.Weneverrealizeourpotential.Somepeopledonotsee(24)________rosewithinthemselves;someoneelsemustshowittothem.Oneofthegreatestgiftsapersoncanpossessistobeabletoreachpastthethornsofanotherandfindtherose(25)________them.(2)Whenwedonotunderstandeachother'slanguage,wecantalkwiththehelpofsigns.AFrenchmanwasoncetravelinginEngland.HecouldnotspeakEnglishatall.Oneday,(16)________wentintoarestaurantandsatdownatatable.Whenthewaitercame,heopenedhismouth,puthisfingersinitandtake(17)________outagain.Hewantedtosay,"Bringme(18)________toeat."Thewaitersoonbroughthimacupoftea.Themanmovedhishead(19)________sidetoside.Thewaiterunderstoodhimandtooktheteaaway.Inamomenthecame(20)________acupofcoffeeandputitonthetable.Themanagainrefusedhisoffer.Heshookhisheadwheneverthewaiterbroughthimsomethingtodrink,(21)________drinksarenotfood.Whenthemanwasgoingaway,(22)________mancamein.Thismansawthewaiter,andheputhishands(23)________hisstomach.Thiswasenough.Inafewminutestherewasalargeplateofmeatandvegetableson(24)________tableinfrontofhim,(25)______yousee,wecanunderstandthelanguageofsignsaswellaswecanunderstandthelanguageofwords.(3)Everyoneknowsthatearthquakescandamagetheirproperty.Butactually,(16)________somesituations,moredamageisdoneafteranearthquakethan(17)________itishappening.(18)________,youcandoagreatmanythingsafteranearthquakethatmayhelptoprotectyourhome.Firstofall,makesurethereisnogasleak.Theprofessionalsuggestionistoturnoffthegasline(19)_____youcan.Ifthereisagasleakandyoucan'tturnitoff,(20)_____isrecommendedthatyougeteveryoneoutofthehouseandgotoaneighbor'stocallthefiredepartment.Secondly,makesure(21)________ofthewaterpipesarebroken.Evenifyoudon'tseeanywaterleaking,youshouldcallthewatercompanytosee(22)________thewaterissafetodrink.Youdon'twantanyofyourfamilymemberstogetsick(23)________heorshehasdrunkunsafewater,right?Thelastthing(24)________youshoulddoistomakesurethefoundationofthehouseisnotcrackedorsinking.Acrackedorsinkingfoundationcanbeasign(25)________thehousemaycollapse.Inthiscase,leavethehouseanddonotenterit(26)________anexpertlooksattheproblem.(4)Dawngraduatedseveralyearsago.She(16)________(be)asuccessfulmodel,andfindingajobhadnotbeenaproblem---untilrecently.WhenDawndidstarttryingtofind(17)________typeofjob,shefoundininterviewafterinterviewthatcomputerliteracywasamustto(18)________(employ).SinceDawnhadalwaysbeenafraidoflearningcomputer(19)________incollege---theirschooldidn'trequiretolearncomputeratthattime---shemanagedtogetadegree(20)________everconfrontingacomputer.Finally,aftermonthsof(21)________(search)forajob,Dawnfailed.Shehadtoadmitthatsidestepping(回避)computerliteracyhadn'tbeenagoodidea.(22)________,Sheenrolledinacomputercourseat(23)________adultvocationalschool.(24)________(surprise),althoughshehadbeenafraidoflearningcomputer,shetooktocomputers(25)________muchthatafteraboutayearsheopenedherowncomputer-basedbusiness.(5)Somewildturkeys,itappears,weretryingtogetoutofNewJerseybeforeThanksgivingDay.AspokesmanfromNJTransitsaidtrainofficialsreportedadozenorsowildturkeys(16)________astationplatforminRamsey,20milesnorthwestofNewYorkCity,onWednesdayafternoon.(17)________linetravelstoSuffern"Foramoment,(18)________lookedliketheturkeyswerewaitingforthenextoutboundtrain,"saidDanStessel,aspokesmanforNJTransit."obviously,theyaretryingtocatchatrainandescape(19)________fate."Transitworkersfollowedthebird's(20)________(move)onsurveillancecameras."Ihavenoidea(21)________theygotthere,"Stesselsaid.ARamseypolicedispatchersaidthedepartmenthadreceivedthreecallsaboutthetravelingturkeyswhoalso(22)________(blame)forcausingmorningrushhourtrafficproblemsonaroadway.