新高考英语一轮复习练习考向17 长难句与复杂句子分析(原卷版)

考向17长难句与复杂句子分析一、长难句的常见形式1．复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：Iwantaticket.)或主系表结构(如：Themanisateacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneofthelasttimeswhenwehaveto“fallback”．分析：此句的主语为I，谓语是urge,sothat引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。2．分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。“Theresultsareprettyexciting—stronglevelsofreductions—butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobelearnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat.”saidPennStateUniversityprofessorElizabethMcGraw.提醒：分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。3．成分省略或倒装在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.分析：此句正常语序为：Bytheendofthecentury,ifitisnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.二、长难句突破策略通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.分析：主语是Akeyskill，谓语是is，表语是persistence,acharacteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.分析：句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.分析：该句主语是Akeyfinding,that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词persistence。方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecoloroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”分析：but引导两个并列的主从复合句，but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中show后是that引导的宾语从句；but后的主从复合句中，主语是thechange，谓语是willbe,that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。【检测训练】一、单项选择1.Theoldmanwaspuzzledbythefactthat________medicinehetook,________heseemedtobe.A.theless,thebetter B.themost,theworstC.little,well D.themore,andtheworst2.Toenjoythescenery,Iwouldrather________morehoursonthetrainthantravelbyair.A.spend B.tospend C.spending D.spent3.________isnodoubtthattheRioOlympicswereagreatsuccess.A.There B.It C.When D.If4.Astheywereeducatedbythesameteacher,________wasnowonderthattheyshoulddotheworkinasimilarway.A.this B.that C.there D.it5.Workharder,Jim.__________youpractice,__________youcanunderstand.A.Themost;thebest B.Themore;thebetterC.Theless;thebetter D.Theleast;theworst6.---Howwasyourweekend,Bella?---Awful!ItwasthefirsttimeI________aloneathome,boredtodeath.A.hasleft B.hadleft C.hasbeenleft D.hadbeenleft7.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe______suchaheavyrain.A.hadwitnessed B.haswitnessed C.shouldwitness D.witnessed8.Thisiswhymanyyoungpeoplesufferanidentitytrouble___itcomestobeauty.A.when B.how C.that D.where9.—Theweatherforecastsaysit’sgoingtoraintomorrow.—Well,Iprefer___________ratherthan___________onarainyday.A.goingout;stayingathomeB.tostayathome;gooutC.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;togoout10.Youlookrathertired.____________stoptohavearest?A.Howabout B.Whatabout C.Whynot D.Whydon’t11.Wewereheatedlyarguingaboutthefinancialmatter_______thetelephonerangunexpectedly.A.while B.as C.assoonas D.when12.--Iwillneverforgettheday______Icametothenewcampusforthefirsttime.---______.Onsettingfootonthecampus,Iwasimpressed______thebeautyofit.A.which;SowillI;by B.that;NeitherIwill;withC.when;NeitherwillI;by D.when;NeitherwillI;on13.Electricityplays__________partinourlifethatitisunimaginabletolivewithoutit.A.suchimportant B.soimportant C.suchimportanta D.soimportanta14.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe______us.Ithinkit’shightimewe______strongactionsagainsthim.A.hadbetrayed;take B.hadbetrayed;tookC.hasbetrayed;took D.hasbetrayed;take15.___________isrequiredthatundernocircumstances_______hebetrayhismotherlandeveniftherearetemptationslikemoneyorbeauty.A.What;can B.It;could C.It;should D.What;could二、完成句子16.努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。(cutbackon)________productionandreducethenumberofthings________.17.我们的地球已经遭到严重污染了，因此是时候采取措施来改变这种糟糕的状况了。Sinceourearthhasbeenpollutedterribly,______________________________thatwetookactiontochangethebadcondition.18.——你对考试成绩满意吗？——非常满意。这是我最好的成绩了。—Areyoucontentwiththeresultoftheexam?—Notalittle.I________one.（“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义）19.如果方便的话，请帮我在面包房买点面包。_________________,pleasehelptobuysomebreadformeinthebakery.20.鲍勃经常在健身房运动。难怪他身材那么好。Boboftenworksoutinthegym.____________________.21.如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。（likely)_________youmakeyourfriendsfeelembarrassedifyoudon'tknowChina'stablemanners.22.It________________methatIhadleftmyumbrellaupstairs.我突然想起我把伞忘在楼上了。23.我正要给他打电话，这时他突然来访。I________________________ringhimup________hedroppedin.24.如果你能就如何学好英语给我提供一些建议我将不胜感激。I____________________________________youcouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.25.WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.Soyou’dbettertryto_________________________.入乡随俗，因此你得适应那样去做。26._________________________________________toprotecttheenvironment.该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。27.我正要准备放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。Iwas________________________________givingupthesearchwhensomethingcaughtmyeyeinthebushes。28._________________LincolnisoneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerica.林肯被公认为美国最伟大的总统之一。29._____________shelearns._____________________shewantstolearn.她越学越想学。30.她立刻想到这些是暴风雨到来的信号。________________herthatthereweresignsofanapproachingstorm.31.他宁愿在家里看电视，也不愿去音乐会。HepreferredtostayathomewatchingTV_________________________.32.他是否想和我一起去看电影都没关系。Itdoesn’tmatter_________________________________________.33.我正要离开学校图书馆，突然发现我的笔记本不见了。I________________________________Ifoundmynotebookmissing.34.________thedisabledpeople.(it作形式主语)开残疾人的玩笑是不礼貌的。35.事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。Infact,weare___________________________________wemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.36.虽然这次考试成绩并没有你预期的那样好，但是你不能对自己失去信心。Althoughtheresultofthisexamis________________youexpected,youcan'tlosefaithinyourself.37.Theobjectoftheseexperimentswastofindtheconnection,__________________,betweenthetwophenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。38.Myparentswereveryanxiousaboutme,because__________________thatIhadlivedabroadalone.我的父母很担心我,因为那是我第一次独自住在国外。39.TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguage____________________.英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。(notonly…butalso…)40.Bodylanguageissaidto_______up55%ofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7%.据说身体语言占第一印象的55%而你却说只有7%。.41.无疑，他的计划听起来不错。_____________________________________________hisplansoundsverygood.42.我曾经有段时间非常讨厌英语。_____________________________________________IwastiredofEnglish.43.Inorderto________________________thewomanteacherraisedhervoice.为了让自己被听到，那位女老师提高了嗓门。（make+宾语+宾补）44.If