Unit+4+Space+Exploration+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4,book3SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructuresInfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbial（不定式作定语和状语）杭州市余杭第二高级中学

高中英语（人教版）SomeoneYouLovedinfinitivesI’mgoingunderandthistimeIfearthere’snoonetosavemeThisallornothingreallygotawayofdrivingmecrazyIneedsomebodytohealSomebodytoknowSomebodytohaveSomebodytoholdIt’seasytosayButit’sneverthesameIguessIkindalikedthewayyounumbedallthepainInfinitivesactivevoicepassivevoicesimplepresenttense一般时continuoustense进行时perfecttense完成时perfectprogressivetense完成进行时negativeform否定形式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoingnottodobasicstructure:todoFindoutsentenceswithinfinitives1....peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.2.Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.3.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.Forexample,America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace...5.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.6.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003...7.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.8.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.astheattributeastheadverbialSPACE:THEFINALFRONTIERInfinitivesadverbialattributetoshowthepurposetoshowtheresulttoshowthereason....Infinitivesastheattribute1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语。Ihavesomethingtodothisafternoon.4.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，补充说明它所修饰的名词或代词的内容，常见的该类名词有：plan,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly,thenext等词以及形容词最高级修饰时，后常用不定式作定语。Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.SpecialdifficultiesTip1:作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolive. (x)TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein. (√)※Givemeapieceofpapertowrite_____.onIhavesomethingtotype. Boss,doyouhaveanythingtobetyped? Tip2:当动词不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系,

且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义;如果没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时,则不定式应使用被动形式。※（自己做）Ihavealotofwork________.※（请别人做）Ihavealotofwork__________.todotobedoneInfinitivesastheadverbialHeusedcomputertosolvethecomplexproblem.I’mgladtobeinvitedtothisevent.Hewokeup,onlytofindthateveryonehadleft.Hishusbanddiedin1995andhadnothinglefttoher,onlyleavingherthreechildren.purposereasonresultresultTip3:onlytodo表意料之外的结果onlydoing表自然而然的结果toshowthepurpose※inorderto,soasto....Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Topassthecollegeentranceexam,wemustworkhard.Hepromisedtomakealleffortsinorderto/soastohelpus.Tip4:意为“为了”,可位于句首或句末,也可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能用于句首。toshowthereasonTip5:※不定式可以用在喜怒哀乐等的形容词后（sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed...）※be+性质形容词+不定式（easy,difficult,hard,interesting,comfortable,safe,dangerous,

impossible)I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.toshowtheresultTip6:不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：①so/such…astodo②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果,但only前一定要加上逗号“，”)④too…todoShewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,______(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_______(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_______(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.toachieveusingtogetknowntostoretohelpPracticeStoryTimeUseinfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbialtotellastory.Background:Twofriendshadaquarrelandoneregrettedit.Referencewordsandphrases:quarrel,explain,guilty,apologize,desire,makeupwith,move,determine,trust,seriousenough,endfriendship,loseSampleStory:IhadaquarralwithSallyyesterday,butIregrettedit.IimmediatelycalledSallytoexplain

themisunderstanding.Aftergettingthrough,Iwassoguiltyastoapologizetohersincerely.Shesaidsoftly,“Nevermind.Ialsohavethestrongdesire

tomakeupwithyou.”Iwastoomovedtocontrolmytears.Fromthen