2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅣGrammar-主语从句课时作业含解析新人教版必修3

PAGE课时作业(十六)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsSectionⅣGrammar——主语从句(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．________interestedmemostwashowthemanescapedfromCubaandmadehiswaytoMiami.答案：What2．________hersoncamebacksafelymadeMrsWangfeelrelieved.答案：That3．________willbeinchargeoftheprojectisquiteimportant.答案：Who4．________oneisthehealthiestisuncertain.答案：Which5．________MrGreenwillreturnfromChinabyplanehasn’tbeendecidedyet.答案：When/Whether6．________Bobgotsuchimportantinformationisstillamystery.答案：Where/How/When7．________ourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.答案：How8．________Johnsongaveupsuchagoodchanceisstillunknown.答案：Why9．Itwasreported________thetwocompanieswouldcarryoutaprojecttogether.答案：that10．Itdoesn’tmattermuch________youwillcometothepartyornot.答案：whether11．________TommovedtoCanadasuddenlyremainsapuzzle.答案：Why12．________causedhimtobesoangrymadeuscurious.答案：What13．Itisagreatpity________youdidn’tgotoHelen’sbirthdayparty.答案：that14．Itisnotclear________Michaelwillgocampingontheweekend.答案：whether15．________concernsthebossmostishowtoimprovecustomerservice.答案：WhatⅡ.阅读理解Mostpeoplehaveexperiencedostracism(孤立)asanobserver，whetherinschool，atwork，oramongfamilyorfriends.Eventhepeoplewhoarenotintroubleoftencouldn’tkeepcalmwhenitcomestoostracism.Andwhenagroupostracizessomeoneoutofunkindreasons，othersusuallyviewitverynegativelyasunfair.However，outsidersmayalsojudge(评判)ostracismtobeacceptable，forexample，whenthepersonostracizedhasbehavedoutofplace.AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofBaselledbythepsychologistDr.SelmaRuderthasnowresearchedfivestudies.Thesestudiesareusedtoexaminebywhatevidencepeopleareinfluencedinsuchjudgmentsituations.Thenumberofvolunteersineachofthestudiesrangesfrom30to527.Theresultshowsthatwhensomebodyisvisiblydifferentfromtheothers，thepersonwillbeostracized.Weconsiderthatthispersonisostracizedonlybecauseofdifferences.Theresearchersshowedthevolunteersvarioussituationsofostracism.Imaginetherewerethreestudentsinaroom.Theideasandsuggestionsfromoneofthestudentswereregularlytakennonoticebytheothertwo.Whentheostracizedpersonwas“different”fromtheothertwo，forexample，outsidersjudgedtheostracismtobeunfair.Theywereannoyedatthetwostudents.However，whenthegroupmembersweremoresimilar—suchasallfromthesamecountry，theoutsiders’viewpointschanged.Inthiscase，theythoughttheostracizedpersonwasnegative，andconsideredtheostracismonhim/herwasreasonable.“Thesestudiesareimportantfortopicssuchasostracisminschoolsorworkplaces，”saysRudert.Whenpeoplearetooheavilyinfluencedbyfactorsonthesurfaceonlyanddon’tcareactualinformation，itcanquicklyleadtomisjudgments.“Infact，”saysRudert，“youshouldalwaystrytounderstandthewholehistorybehindanostracismsituationbeforejudging.”语篇解读本文是一篇争论文。主要论述了群体内的相像性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。1．Whatdooutsidersthinkofostracism?A．Itisalwaysunfair.B．Itisunkindtoothers.C．Itcanbeacceptedattimes.D．Itcanhelppeoplekeepcalm.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“...outsidersmayalsojudge(评判)ostracismtobeacceptable...”可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。答案：C2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Thereare2,785volunteerstotallyinthestudies.B．Theostracizedpeoplebehavedifferentlyfromothers.C．Thesestudiesexaminetheevidenceofpeople’sdifferences.D．Peopleareeasilyinfluencedbyotherswhenjudgingsomebody.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段的“Theresultshowsthatwhensomebodyisvisiblydifferentfromtheothers，thepersonwillbeostracized.Weconsiderthatthispersonisostracizedonlybecauseofdifferences.”可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。答案：B3．Theoutsidersshowednegativeopinionsontheostracizedpersonwhen________.A．thepersonhadannoyedthemB．thereweremoresimilaritiesamongthemC．theirideasweretakennonoticebythepersonD．theywantedtohavenorelationshipwiththeperson解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段的“...whenthegroupmembersweremoresimilar—suchasallfromthesamecountry，theoutsiders’viewpointschanged.Inthiscase，theythoughttheostracizedpersonwasnegative，andconsideredtheostracismonhim/herwasreasonable.”可知，当小组成员有相像之处的时候，旁观者不会怜悯被孤立的人。答案：B4．What’sRudert’ssuggestionontheostracism?A.Givingsupporttotheostracizedpeople.B．Payingmoreattentiontotheostracizedpeople.C．Knowingabouttheactualsituationbeforejudging.D．Avoidingtalkingaboutostracizedpeopleinschools.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段的“...youshouldalwaystrytounderstandthewholehistorybehindanostracismsituationbeforejudging.”可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解状况。答案：CⅢ.完形填空Ihavebeenvolunteeringforthreemonthssofar.Duringthethreemonths，I’ve__1__greatlyinaverygoodway.Iamalwaysinterestedin__2__peopleinneedtogetbackontheirfeet.SinceIwaslittle，I’vealwaysaskedmymom__3__wecouldgivehomelesspeopleonthestreetsome__4__sothattheycouldeat.AlthoughIalwayswantedtohelppeopleinneed，Ididnot__5__helpuntilrecently.VolunteeringforCovenantHousehelpedme__6__aproactive(主动主动的)person.Insteadof__7__instructions，Iwouldstepupandofferhelp.ThehomelessteensthatIhelpcomefrom__8__backgroundssuchasdrunksanddrugaddicts.Rarelydotheseteenshave__9__parents.Itmaymakeyou__10__tohearthattheygrewupwithoutparents__11__them.Ifyoutakeaminutetothinkabouthowyouwouldlive__12__yourparents，itwouldmostlikelybeterrible.BeforeIstartedvolunteering，Iwasnotas__13__asIamtoday.NowIfeelthankfulforhavingsuchwonderfulparentsbecausetheygivemesuchagreat__14__.Thatmakesmewanttospreadtheloveamongtheteenswhonever__15__love.Mymain__16__ofvolunteeringatCovenantHouseistobringasmiletoeveryhomelessteenthereandhelpthem__17__inlife.Ibelieveweallshouldhelptheonesthatareless__18__andputeveryeffortintohelpinghomelessteens__19__anormallife.Homelessteensshouldbeabletohaveanequal__20__ofbeingsuccessfulaseveryoneelse.语篇解读作者致力于帮助那些无家可归的青少年，希望可以让他们过一种正常的生活。1．A.talked B．traveledC．lost D．changed解析：依据后文可知，作者的这次志愿活动让作者往好的方向“变更”了许多。答案：D2.A．urging B．helpingC．telling D．educating解析：依据后文的“peopleinneedtogetbackontheirfeet”可知，作者对“帮助”别人感爱好。答案：B3.A．how B．whyC．if D．when解析：作者问妈妈“是否”可以帮助那些无家可归的人。答案：C4.A．books B．grassC．clothes D．food解析：依据后文的“sothattheycouldeat”可知，作者想要妈妈给那些无家可归的人一些“吃”的。答案：D5.A．actively B．sincerelyC．necessarily D．happily解析：依据后文的aproactiveperson可知，作者以前虽然想帮助那些须要帮助的人，但是并没有那么“主动地”帮助那些人。答案：A6.A．support B．becomeC．forget D．find解析：依据“Iwouldstepupandoffertohelp”可知，这个机构让作者“成为”了一个主动主动的人。答案：B7.A．turningto B．goingthroughC．waitingfor D．caringabout解析：作者成为了一个主动主动的人，所以不再“等待”帮助他人的指示，而是主动帮助他人。答案：C8．A.wealthy B．normalC．interesting D．different解析：依据“suchasdrunksanddrugaddicts”可知，这些无家可归的青少年来自“不同的”背景。答案：D9.A．wise B．lovingC．careful D．rich解析：这些青少年之所以这样，是因为他们没有“慈祥的”父母。答案：B10.A．sad B．comfortableC．crazy D．pleased解析：依据“theygrewupwithoutparents”可知，听到这个会让我们感到“难受”。答案：A11.A．learningfrom B．lookingafterC．thinkingof D．lookingfor解析：这里是指这些青少年没有父母来“照看”他们。答案：B12.A．on B．beyondC．without D．for解析：依据后面的“itwouldmostlikelybeterrible”可知，作者让我们想一想假如我们“没有”父母，会过一种什么样的生活。答案：C13.A．strong B．kindC．honest D．grateful解析：依据“NowIfeelthankfulfor...”可知，作者以前没有像现在这样“充溢感谢”。答案：D14.A．name B．countryC．life D．friend解析：作者感恩父母给了自己这么好的“生活”。答案：C15.A．expressed B．receivedC．understood D．required解析：这里是指那些无家可归的青少年从来都没有“得到”过爱。答案：B16.A．purpose B．giftC．problem D．concern解析：依据“...tobringasmiletoeveryhomelessteen”可知，作者的“目的”是希望可以让这里的孩子脸上有笑容。答案：A17.A．move B．followC．stay D．succeed解析：依据下文的“...beingsuccessfulaseveryoneelse”可知，作者希望可以帮助这些小孩获得“胜利”。答案：D18.A．friendly B．fortunateC．educated D．hard­working解析：这里是指帮助那些没有我们那么“幸运的”人。答案：B19.A．want B．affordC．gain D．accept解析：作者认为我们都应当来帮助这些无家可归的青少年“获得”正常的生活。答案：C20.A．chance B．resultC．answer D．plan解析：每一个小孩都应当有同等的获得胜利的“机会”。答案：AⅣ.语法填空TheBigBangtheoryisscience’sbestexplanationofhowtheuniversebegan.Thetheoryinsiststhatouruniverse1.________(create)whenatinyandsuperhotmassexplodedandbeganexpandingveryrapidly.It2.________(final)cooledandformedintothestarsandgalaxies(银河系)with3.________wearefamiliar.Itissaid4.________theeventhappenedapproximately15billionyearsago.TheeventoftheBigBangwasspaceitselfexpanding—perhapsatspeeds5.________(great)thanlight.Sincethelate1960s，theBigBangtheory6.________(be)themainexplanationforthebirthofouruniverse.Because7.________(physics)havenotyetfoundaconvincingtheorythatexplainshowgravityoperates，theyareunable8.________(find)theoriesastowh